NiAl／TiB_2复合材料的自蔓延燃烧合成

研究了Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ系统的自蔓延燃烧合成过程的物理－化学变化和微观结构变化．结果表明：影响合成过程的主要因素是ＴｉＢ_２掺量．微观研究发现：原位生长的ＴｉＢ_２颗粒的平均尺寸受合成温度影响，同时，在合成产物的表面有ＴｉＢ_２纤维生成，其数量和生长状态受生长空间的影响．

Formation Mechanism of NiAl/TiB_2 Nanocomposite by Mechanical Alloying Elemental Powders

A NiAl/TiB2 nanocomposite is synthesized by mechanical alloying elemental powders. Upon milling for a certain time, an abrupt exothermic reaction occurs and a large amount of NiAl and TiB2 compounds form simultaneously. It is suggested that two separate chemical reactions,i.e. Ni+Al →NiAl and Ti+2B→TiB2, are involved during the exothermic reaction. Additionof Ti and B to Ni-Al system impedes the structural evolution of Ni and Al powders and delays the abrupt reaction. The final products are equilibrium phases without any metastable phases formed. This type of reaction is suggested to be suitable for alloy systems with two large heatrelease reactions.

多孔TiB2＋Al2O3／NiAl基复合材料的研究

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备NiAl/Al2O3+TiB2多孔复合材料,Ni-Al体系的反应产物的相组成主要为NiAl;Ni、Al、B2O3和TiO2组成的反应体系在进行燃烧合成反应之后,生成物主要是NiAl、Al2O3和TiB2,表明燃烧过程中很短的时间内反应能完全充分地进行;加入10Al+3TiO2+3B2O3→5Al2O3+3TiB2颗粒增强体系后,反应合成的多孔产物的孔径减小,孔洞间的连通性增强,孔隙度升高。

Microstructure and evolution of(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)/NiAl composites prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis

（TiB2＋Al2O3）/NiAl composites were synthesized by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and their phase compositions, microstructures and evolution modes were studied. The microstructures and shapes vary with the TiB2＋Al2O3 content in the NiAl matrix. TiB2 particles take a great variety of elementary shapes such as white bars, plates, herringbones, regular cubes and cuboids. These results outline a strategy of self-assembly processes in real time to build diversified microstructures. Some TiB2 grains in sizes of 2-5μm are embeded in Al2O3 clusters, while a small number of TiB2 particles disperse in the NiAl matrix. It is believed that the higher the TiB2＋Al2O3 content is, the more the regular shapes and homogeneous distributions of TiB2 and Al2O3 will be present in the NiAl matrix.

原位合成NiAl(FeAl)/TiB_2+Al_2O_3复合材料

Al2O3+TiB2复相陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高熔点、高导热、低膨胀系数、高耐磨性、高温化学稳定性等优良的性能,但由于两种材料都属于硬而脆的材料,复合后仍然存在脆性大、裂纹敏感性强、抗机械冲击性和温度急变形差等缺点。为了克服这些缺点,在陶瓷相中添加金属间化合物(NiAl或FeAl)。X射线衍射结果表明,合成产物的主要组成相分别为Al2O3+TiB2、Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl及Al2O3+TiB2+FeAl,进行燃烧合成反应。通过对不同成分反应产物的相对密度、强度、断裂韧度对比,可知产物的相对密度在FeAl含量为15%时达到最高99.5%,Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl体系中在NiAl含量为20%时达到最高98.5%。随着金属间化合物含量的增加,合成复合材料的硬度下降,而断裂韧度提高。

自蔓延高温合成TiB_2+Al_2O_3/NiAl复合材料

Al2O3+TiB2复相陶瓷材料具有金属材料无法比拟的高硬度、高熔点、高导热、低膨胀系数、高耐磨性、高温化学稳定性等优良的性能,但由于两种材料都属于硬而脆的材料,复合后仍然存在脆性大、裂纹敏感性强、抗机械冲击性和温度急变形差等缺点。为了克服这些缺点,本文探索了在陶瓷相中添加金属间化合物(NiAl或FeAl)。X射线衍射结果表明合成产物的主要组成相分别为Al2O3+TiB2、Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl及Al2O3+TiB2+FeAl,反应按预期进行,且燃烧合成反应进行的较为彻底。通过对不同成分反应产物的致密度、强度、断裂韧性对比,可知产物的致密度在FeAl含量为15%时达到最高99.5%,Al2O3+TiB2+NiAl体系中NiAl含量为20%达到最高98.5%。随金属间化合物含量的增加,合成复合材料的硬度下降,而断裂韧性提高。

Combustion Synthesis and Densification of NiAl/TiB_2 Composites

A suitable combustion synthesis and densification process was designed to fabricate dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites from Ni-Al- Ti-B system. Combustion synthesis processing and microstructure characteristics of products were studied in detail. The results show that the amount of TiB2 ceramics has a great influence on the combustion synthesis processing and microstructure; with the increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics, the combustion temperature and combustion velocity increase rapidly. The volume of synthesized products and the grain size of ceramics particle size are also affected by the amount of TiB2 ceramics. TiB2 ceramics fiber can be produced in this synthesis system. The dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites with residual porosity of no more than 1% are fabricated by the combustion synthesis and hot pressing, the mechanical properties of the dense NiAl/ TiB2 composites increase with increase of the amount of TiB2 ceramics.

Effects of Forming Conditions and TiC–TiB_2 Contents on the Microstructures of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesized NiAl–TiC–TiB_2 Composites

The NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites were processed by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis（SHS） method using raw powders of Ni, Al, Ti, B4 C, TiC, and TiB2, and their microstructure and micro-hardness were investigated. The TiC–TiB2 in NiAl matrix, with contents from 10 to 30 wt%, emerged with the use of two methods： in situ formed and externally added. The results show that all final products are composed of three phases of NiAl, TiC, and TiB2. The microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with in situ-formed TiC and TiB2 are fine, and all the three phases are distributed uniformly. The grains of NiAl matrix in the composites have been greatly refined, and the micro-hardness of NiAl increases from 381 HV100 to 779 HV100. However, the microstructures of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites with externally added TiC and TiB2 are coarse and inhomogeneous, with severe agglomeration of TiC and TiB2 particles. The samples containing externally added 30 wt% TiC–TiB2attain the micro-hardness of 485 HV100. The microstructure evolution and fracture mode of the two kinds of NiAl–TiC–TiB2 composites are different.