甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、...甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、染料和医药行业,将甘油电氧化(EGOR)为甲酸(FA)不仅能有效避免资源过剩造成浪费,而且能满足未来对甲酸燃料电池的需求.然而甘油电催化氧化途径较为复杂,涉及反应中间产物的脱氢、吸附/解吸和C-C键裂解.本文将密度泛函理论(DFT)与实验相结合,研究了在精细构建的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上通过EGOR生产FA的反应机制.DFT计算结果表明,活性羟基(OH^(*))物种可以改变EGOR生产FA过程的决速步骤(RDS),通过调节吸附中间体的吸附能可获得理想的FA产率.其中,高度羟基化的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(311)-OH^(*)晶面上具有最低的吉布斯自由能,能显著提升反应过程动力学.在理论分析的基础上,通过简易的电沉积方法精准制备了超薄NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(~1.7 nm),并采用X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了结构分析.结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片中四面体(A_(Td))和八面体(B_(Oh))配位具有内角共享的A_(Td)-O-B_(Oh)和边共享的B_(Oh)-O-B_(Oh)构型,金属间的协同作用有效改善了材料的电子效应,有利于提供更多的吸附位点并促进EGOR过程中的电荷转移.NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片在EGOR中的电荷转移电阻仅为0.94Ω,电化学活性表面积高达10.25 cm^(2).相比较电催化析氧反应,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片表现出了较好的EGOR性能,在10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下阳极功耗降低了320 mV,在100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度时的阳极电势仅为1.46 VRHE.此外,在120 h的稳定性测试中,甘油的转化率和FA的选择性可分别保持在89%和70%.多电位步骤实验、原位电化学阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上原位产生的OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心,有利于将RDS从甘油酸脱氢裂解转化为甘油醛的脱氢步骤,并进一步促进C-C键的裂解.进一步结合理论预测,证实了OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心.综上,采用绿色高效的电催化手段促进甘油生产高附加值化学品是生物质链升级的重要举措,有效避免了传统的高温高压,以水为介质,原位利用OH^(*).本文为新型催化剂的未来设计和理解生物质基原料电氧化升级反应机制提供了新思路.展开更多
Spinel oxide(NiCo_(2)O_(4))has demonstrated great potential to replace noble metal catalysts for the oxidation reaction of air pollutants.To further boost the oxidation ability of such catalysts,in this study,a facile...Spinel oxide(NiCo_(2)O_(4))has demonstrated great potential to replace noble metal catalysts for the oxidation reaction of air pollutants.To further boost the oxidation ability of such catalysts,in this study,a facile surface-engineering strategy wherein NiCo_(2)O_(4) was treated with different alkali solvents was developed.The obtained catalyst(NiCo_(2)O_(4)-OH)showed a higher surface alkalinity and more surface defects compared to the pristine spinel oxide,including enhanced structural distortion as well as promoted oxygen vacancies.The propane oxidation ability of NiCo_(2)O_(4)-OH was greatly enhanced,with a propane conversion rate that was approximately 6.4 times higher than that of pristine NiCo_(2)O_(4) at a reaction temperature 193℃.This work sets a valuable paradigm for the surface modulation of spinel oxide via alkali treatment to ensure a high-performance oxidation catalyst.展开更多
Energetic molecular perovskites have attracted widespread attention in the fields of energy materials due to their high detonation performance.In this work,we reported the effect of MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets on the the...Energetic molecular perovskites have attracted widespread attention in the fields of energy materials due to their high detonation performance.In this work,we reported the effect of MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(NH_(4)ClO_(4),AP)-based energetic molecular perovskites(AP-based energetic molecular perovskites).The morphology and structure of the MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets were characterized.And their catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites(H_2pz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-4),(H_2dabco)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](DAP-4),(H_2mpz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-M_(4)),and (H_2hpz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-H_(4)) was analyzed.The results showed that MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets had excellent intrinsically catalytic performance towards enhancing the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites.After adding MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets,the thermal decomposition peak temperatures of PAP-4,DAP-4,PAP-M_(4),and PAP-H_(4) had been reduced by35.7℃,48.4℃,37.9℃,and 43.6℃,respectively.And the activation energy(Ea)of the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites had been reduced,the Eaof PAP-H_(4) decreased by 46.4 kJ/mol at most among them.The catalytic mechanism of MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets for AP-based energetic molecular perovskites is analyzed.This work provides a reference for the future application of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites.展开更多
The development of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) with large capacity,high rate,and durable cathode material is a crucial and urgent task.Ni Co_(2)O_(4)(NCO) has received ever-growing interest as a potential cathode materi...The development of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) with large capacity,high rate,and durable cathode material is a crucial and urgent task.Ni Co_(2)O_(4)(NCO) has received ever-growing interest as a potential cathode material for ZIBs,owing to the high theoretical capacity,rich source,cost-effective,and versatile redox nature.However,due to the slow dynamics of the NCO electrodes,its practical application in highperformance systems is severely limited.Herein,we report an electron density modulated NCO nanosheets (N-NCO NSs) with high-kinetics Zn^(2+)-storage capability as an additive-free cathode for flexible all-solid-state (ASS) ZIBs.By virtue of the enhanced electronic conductivity,improved reaction kinetics,and increased active sites,the optimized N-NCO NSs electrode delivers a high capacity of 357.7 m Ah g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)and a superior rate capacity of 201.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1).More importantly,a flexible ASS ZIBs device is manufactured using a solid polymer electrolyte of a poly (vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) film.The flexible ASS ZIBs device shows superb durability with 80.2%capacity retention after 20,000 cycles and works well in the range of-20–70℃.Furthermore,the flexible ASS ZIBs achieves an impressive energy density as high as 578.1 W h kg^(-1)with a peak power density of 33.6 k W kg^(-1),substantially outperforming those latest ZIBs.This work could provide valuable insights for constructing high-kinetics and high-capability cathodes with long-term stability for flexible ASS ZIBs.展开更多
Novel graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheet/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/NH_(2)-MIL-88B(Fe)photocatalysts(denoted as GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/FeMOF,in which MOF is metal–organic framework)with double S-scheme heterojunctions...Novel graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheet/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/NH_(2)-MIL-88B(Fe)photocatalysts(denoted as GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/FeMOF,in which MOF is metal–organic framework)with double S-scheme heterojunctions were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route.The resultant materials were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photocurrent density,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)analyses.After the integration of Fe-MOF with GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br,the removal constant of tetracycline over the optimal GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/Fe-MOF(15wt%)nanocomposite was promoted 33 times compared with that of the pristine GCN.The GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/Fe-MOF(15wt%)nanocomposite showed superior photoactivity to azithromycin,metronidazole,and cephalexin removal that was 36.4,20.2,and 14.6 times higher than that of pure GCN,respectively.Radical quenching tests showed that·O_(2)-and h+mainly contributed to the elimination reaction.In addition,the nanocomposite maintained excellent activity after 4 successive cycles.Based on the developed n–n heterojunctions among n-GCN-NSh,n-Bi_(5)O_(7)Br,and n-Fe-MOF semiconductors,the double S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was proposed for the destruction of the selected antibiotics.展开更多
文摘甘油是生物质精炼的主要副产物(约占10%),年过剩量与低利用率导致其市场价格(0.24-0.6 US kg^(-1))较低.甘油是具有三个活性羟基的多元醇,被认为是生产高价值产品的理想原料.甲酸作为甘油转化最重要的产品之一,广泛应用于农药、皮革、染料和医药行业,将甘油电氧化(EGOR)为甲酸(FA)不仅能有效避免资源过剩造成浪费,而且能满足未来对甲酸燃料电池的需求.然而甘油电催化氧化途径较为复杂,涉及反应中间产物的脱氢、吸附/解吸和C-C键裂解.本文将密度泛函理论(DFT)与实验相结合,研究了在精细构建的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上通过EGOR生产FA的反应机制.DFT计算结果表明,活性羟基(OH^(*))物种可以改变EGOR生产FA过程的决速步骤(RDS),通过调节吸附中间体的吸附能可获得理想的FA产率.其中,高度羟基化的NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(311)-OH^(*)晶面上具有最低的吉布斯自由能,能显著提升反应过程动力学.在理论分析的基础上,通过简易的电沉积方法精准制备了超薄NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片(~1.7 nm),并采用X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了结构分析.结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片中四面体(A_(Td))和八面体(B_(Oh))配位具有内角共享的A_(Td)-O-B_(Oh)和边共享的B_(Oh)-O-B_(Oh)构型,金属间的协同作用有效改善了材料的电子效应,有利于提供更多的吸附位点并促进EGOR过程中的电荷转移.NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片在EGOR中的电荷转移电阻仅为0.94Ω,电化学活性表面积高达10.25 cm^(2).相比较电催化析氧反应,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片表现出了较好的EGOR性能,在10 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度下阳极功耗降低了320 mV,在100 mA cm^(-2)的电流密度时的阳极电势仅为1.46 VRHE.此外,在120 h的稳定性测试中,甘油的转化率和FA的选择性可分别保持在89%和70%.多电位步骤实验、原位电化学阻抗谱和电子顺磁共振谱结果表明,NiCo_(2)O_(4)纳米片上原位产生的OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心,有利于将RDS从甘油酸脱氢裂解转化为甘油醛的脱氢步骤,并进一步促进C-C键的裂解.进一步结合理论预测,证实了OH^(*)物种是EGOR过程中的直接活性中心.综上,采用绿色高效的电催化手段促进甘油生产高附加值化学品是生物质链升级的重要举措,有效避免了传统的高温高压,以水为介质,原位利用OH^(*).本文为新型催化剂的未来设计和理解生物质基原料电氧化升级反应机制提供了新思路.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072069)the Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials(Wuhan University of Science and Technology No.WKDM202303).
文摘Spinel oxide(NiCo_(2)O_(4))has demonstrated great potential to replace noble metal catalysts for the oxidation reaction of air pollutants.To further boost the oxidation ability of such catalysts,in this study,a facile surface-engineering strategy wherein NiCo_(2)O_(4) was treated with different alkali solvents was developed.The obtained catalyst(NiCo_(2)O_(4)-OH)showed a higher surface alkalinity and more surface defects compared to the pristine spinel oxide,including enhanced structural distortion as well as promoted oxygen vacancies.The propane oxidation ability of NiCo_(2)O_(4)-OH was greatly enhanced,with a propane conversion rate that was approximately 6.4 times higher than that of pristine NiCo_(2)O_(4) at a reaction temperature 193℃.This work sets a valuable paradigm for the surface modulation of spinel oxide via alkali treatment to ensure a high-performance oxidation catalyst.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975227)the Found of National defence Sci&Tech Laboratory(Grant No.6142602210306)。
文摘Energetic molecular perovskites have attracted widespread attention in the fields of energy materials due to their high detonation performance.In this work,we reported the effect of MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(NH_(4)ClO_(4),AP)-based energetic molecular perovskites(AP-based energetic molecular perovskites).The morphology and structure of the MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets were characterized.And their catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites(H_2pz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-4),(H_2dabco)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](DAP-4),(H_2mpz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-M_(4)),and (H_2hpz)[NH_(4)(ClO_(4))_(3)](PAP-H_(4)) was analyzed.The results showed that MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets had excellent intrinsically catalytic performance towards enhancing the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites.After adding MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets,the thermal decomposition peak temperatures of PAP-4,DAP-4,PAP-M_(4),and PAP-H_(4) had been reduced by35.7℃,48.4℃,37.9℃,and 43.6℃,respectively.And the activation energy(Ea)of the thermal decomposition of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites had been reduced,the Eaof PAP-H_(4) decreased by 46.4 kJ/mol at most among them.The catalytic mechanism of MgCo_(2)O_(4) nanosheets for AP-based energetic molecular perovskites is analyzed.This work provides a reference for the future application of AP-based energetic molecular perovskites.
基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangdong Province(2019A1515110827)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(202102080169)+3 种基金the Education Commission of Guangdong Province(2019GKTSCX015)the Advanced Functional Materials Scientific Research and Technical Service Team(X20190197)Guangdong Training Programs of Scientific and Technological Innovation for Undergraduates(pdjh2021a0715)the Innovation Training Program for Undergraduate of Hainan Normal University(2021024)。
文摘The development of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) with large capacity,high rate,and durable cathode material is a crucial and urgent task.Ni Co_(2)O_(4)(NCO) has received ever-growing interest as a potential cathode material for ZIBs,owing to the high theoretical capacity,rich source,cost-effective,and versatile redox nature.However,due to the slow dynamics of the NCO electrodes,its practical application in highperformance systems is severely limited.Herein,we report an electron density modulated NCO nanosheets (N-NCO NSs) with high-kinetics Zn^(2+)-storage capability as an additive-free cathode for flexible all-solid-state (ASS) ZIBs.By virtue of the enhanced electronic conductivity,improved reaction kinetics,and increased active sites,the optimized N-NCO NSs electrode delivers a high capacity of 357.7 m Ah g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)and a superior rate capacity of 201.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1).More importantly,a flexible ASS ZIBs device is manufactured using a solid polymer electrolyte of a poly (vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) film.The flexible ASS ZIBs device shows superb durability with 80.2%capacity retention after 20,000 cycles and works well in the range of-20–70℃.Furthermore,the flexible ASS ZIBs achieves an impressive energy density as high as 578.1 W h kg^(-1)with a peak power density of 33.6 k W kg^(-1),substantially outperforming those latest ZIBs.This work could provide valuable insights for constructing high-kinetics and high-capability cathodes with long-term stability for flexible ASS ZIBs.
文摘Novel graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheet/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/NH_(2)-MIL-88B(Fe)photocatalysts(denoted as GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/FeMOF,in which MOF is metal–organic framework)with double S-scheme heterojunctions were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route.The resultant materials were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),photocurrent density,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)analyses.After the integration of Fe-MOF with GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br,the removal constant of tetracycline over the optimal GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/Fe-MOF(15wt%)nanocomposite was promoted 33 times compared with that of the pristine GCN.The GCN-NSh/Bi_(5)O_(7)Br/Fe-MOF(15wt%)nanocomposite showed superior photoactivity to azithromycin,metronidazole,and cephalexin removal that was 36.4,20.2,and 14.6 times higher than that of pure GCN,respectively.Radical quenching tests showed that·O_(2)-and h+mainly contributed to the elimination reaction.In addition,the nanocomposite maintained excellent activity after 4 successive cycles.Based on the developed n–n heterojunctions among n-GCN-NSh,n-Bi_(5)O_(7)Br,and n-Fe-MOF semiconductors,the double S-scheme charge transfer mechanism was proposed for the destruction of the selected antibiotics.
