The dissolution behavior of nickel during the oxygen chloride leaching of the copper residue was investigated.Technological variables of the leaching,including oxygen flow rate,concentrations of chloride and sulfuric...The dissolution behavior of nickel during the oxygen chloride leaching of the copper residue was investigated.Technological variables of the leaching,including oxygen flow rate,concentrations of chloride and sulfuric acid,and temperature,were discussed.展开更多
After Cu-Ni ore powder pre-soaked in AlCl<sub>3</sub> solution.the leaching ratios of copper andnickel can increase obviously.By X-ray diffraction analyses,electron energy spectrum analysesand electrochemi...After Cu-Ni ore powder pre-soaked in AlCl<sub>3</sub> solution.the leaching ratios of copper andnickel can increase obviously.By X-ray diffraction analyses,electron energy spectrum analysesand electrochemical experiments,it is affirmed that,the activation of aluminum ion includestwo aspects:one is the surface change of the ore by the absorption of hydrolysates,and the oth-er is the change of semiconductor characteristics of the metal sulfides by impurity aluminum ionentering the lattice,so that leaching reactions are accelerated.展开更多
Of 6634 registered industries in Pakistan, 1228 are considered to be highly polluting. The major industries include textile, pharmaceutical, chemicals (organic and inorganic), food industries, ceramics, steel, oil mil...Of 6634 registered industries in Pakistan, 1228 are considered to be highly polluting. The major industries include textile, pharmaceutical, chemicals (organic and inorganic), food industries, ceramics, steel, oil mills and leather tanning which spread all over four provinces, with the larger number located in Sindh and Punjab, with smaller number in North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Baluchistan. Hattar Industrial Estate extending over 700 acres located in Haripur district of NWFP is a new industrial estate, which has been developed with proper planning for management of industrial effluents. The major industries located in Hattar are ghee industry, chemical (sulfuric acid, synthetic fiber) industry, textile industry and pharmaceuticals industry. These industries, although developed with proper planning are discharging their effluents in the nearby natural drains and ulti- mately collected in a big drain near Wah. The farmers in the vicinity are using these effluents for growing vegetables and cereal crops due to shortage of water. In view of this discussion, there is a dire need to determine if these effluents are hazardous for soil and plant growth. So, effluents from different industries, sewage and normal tap water samples were collected and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total soluble salts (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, cations and anions and heavy metals. The effluents of ghee and textile industries are highly alkaline. EC and TSS loads of ghee and textile industries are also above the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), Pakistan. All the effluents had residual sodium carbonates (RSCs), carbonates and bicarbonates in amounts that cannot be used for irrigation. Total toxic metals load in all the effluents is also above the limit i.e. 2.0 mg/L. Copper in effluents of textile and sewage, manganese in ghee industry effluents and iron contents in all the effluents were higher than NEQS. BOD and COD values of all the industries are also above the NEQS. On the whole, these effluents cannot be used for irrigation without proper treatment otherwise that may cause toxicity to soil, plants and animals as well add to the problems of salinity and sododicity. Similarly, these effluents cannot be used for fish farming.展开更多
文摘The dissolution behavior of nickel during the oxygen chloride leaching of the copper residue was investigated.Technological variables of the leaching,including oxygen flow rate,concentrations of chloride and sulfuric acid,and temperature,were discussed.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science and the fund of Natione Educational Committee for doctor degree
文摘After Cu-Ni ore powder pre-soaked in AlCl<sub>3</sub> solution.the leaching ratios of copper andnickel can increase obviously.By X-ray diffraction analyses,electron energy spectrum analysesand electrochemical experiments,it is affirmed that,the activation of aluminum ion includestwo aspects:one is the surface change of the ore by the absorption of hydrolysates,and the oth-er is the change of semiconductor characteristics of the metal sulfides by impurity aluminum ionentering the lattice,so that leaching reactions are accelerated.
文摘Of 6634 registered industries in Pakistan, 1228 are considered to be highly polluting. The major industries include textile, pharmaceutical, chemicals (organic and inorganic), food industries, ceramics, steel, oil mills and leather tanning which spread all over four provinces, with the larger number located in Sindh and Punjab, with smaller number in North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Baluchistan. Hattar Industrial Estate extending over 700 acres located in Haripur district of NWFP is a new industrial estate, which has been developed with proper planning for management of industrial effluents. The major industries located in Hattar are ghee industry, chemical (sulfuric acid, synthetic fiber) industry, textile industry and pharmaceuticals industry. These industries, although developed with proper planning are discharging their effluents in the nearby natural drains and ulti- mately collected in a big drain near Wah. The farmers in the vicinity are using these effluents for growing vegetables and cereal crops due to shortage of water. In view of this discussion, there is a dire need to determine if these effluents are hazardous for soil and plant growth. So, effluents from different industries, sewage and normal tap water samples were collected and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total soluble salts (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, cations and anions and heavy metals. The effluents of ghee and textile industries are highly alkaline. EC and TSS loads of ghee and textile industries are also above the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), Pakistan. All the effluents had residual sodium carbonates (RSCs), carbonates and bicarbonates in amounts that cannot be used for irrigation. Total toxic metals load in all the effluents is also above the limit i.e. 2.0 mg/L. Copper in effluents of textile and sewage, manganese in ghee industry effluents and iron contents in all the effluents were higher than NEQS. BOD and COD values of all the industries are also above the NEQS. On the whole, these effluents cannot be used for irrigation without proper treatment otherwise that may cause toxicity to soil, plants and animals as well add to the problems of salinity and sododicity. Similarly, these effluents cannot be used for fish farming.
