Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and choline dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms are associated with human sperm concentration

Choline is a crucial factor in the regulation of sperm membrane structure and fluidity, and this nutrient plays an important role in the maturation and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Transcripts of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase （PEMT） and choline dehydrogenase （CHDH）, two basic enzymes of choline metabolism, have been observed in the human testis, demonstrating their gene expression in this tissue. In the present study, we explored the contribution of the PEMTand CHDHgene variants to sperm parameters. Two hundred oligospermic and 250 normozoospermic men were recruited. DNA was extracted from the spermatozoa, and the PEMT -774G〉C and CHDH ＋432G〉T polymorphisms were genotyped. The genotype distribution of the PEMT-774G〉C polymorphism did not differ between oligospermic and normozoospermic men. In contrast, in the case of the CHDH ＋432G〉T polymorphism, oligospermic men presented the CHDH432GIG genotype more frequently than normozoospermic men （62% vs. 42%, P〈0.001）. The PEMT774GIG genotype was associated with a higher sperm concentration compared to the PEMT774GIC and 774C/C genotypes in oligospermic men （12.5±5.6× 10^6 spermatozoa m1-1 vs. 8.3±5.2×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.002） and normozoospermic men （81.5±55.6×10^6 vs. 68.1±44.5×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.006）. In addition, the CHDH432G/G genotype was associated with higher sperm concentration compared to CHDH432G.T and 432T/T genotypes in oligospermic （11.8±5.1×10^6 vs. 7.8±5.3×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.003） and normozoospermic men （98.6±62.2×10^6 vs. 58.8±＋33.6×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〉0.001）. In our series, the PEMT-774G〈C and CHDH ＋432G〈T polymorphisms were associated with sperm concentration. This finding suggests a possible influence of these genes on sperm quality.

Severity of ulcerative colitis is associated with a polymorphism at diamine oxidase gene but not at histamine N-methyltransferase gene

AIM： To analyse the role of two common polymorphisms in genes coding for histamine metabolising enzymes as it relates to the risk to develop ulcerative colitis （UC） and the clinical course of these patients. METHODS： A cohort of 229 unrelated patients with UC recruited from a single centre and 261 healthy volunteers were analysed for the presence of Thr105Ile and His645Asp amino acid substitutions at histamine N-methyltransferase （HNMT） and diamine oxidase （ABP1） enzymes, respectively, by amplification-restriction procedures. All patients were phenotyped and followed up for at least 2 years （mean time 11 years）. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in the distribution of ABP1 alleles between ulcerative colitis patients and healthy individuals [OR （95% CI） for variant alleles = 1.22 （0.91-1.61）]. However, mutated ABP1 alleles were present with higher frequency among the 58 patients that required immunosuppresive drugs [OR （95 % CI） for carriers of mutated alleles 2.41 （1.21-4.83; P=0.006）], with a significant gene-dose effect （P= 0.0038）. In agreement with the predominant role of ABP1 versus HNMT on local histamine metabolism in human bowel, the frequencies for carriers of HNMT genotypes or mutated alleles were similar among patients,regardless clinical evolution, and control individuals. CONCLUSION： The His645Asp polymorphism of the histamine metabolising enzyme ABP1 is related to severity of ulcerative colitis.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and liver diseases

Cellular metabolism-induced epigenetic regulation is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase(NNMT)is emerging as a key point of intersection between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation and has a central role in various physiological and pathological processes.NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide(NAM)using the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine(SAM)to yield S-adeno-syl-L-homocysteine(SAH)and N1-methylnicotinamide(MNAM),directly linking methylation balance with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide(NAD+)contents.NNMT acts on either the SAM-methylation balance or both NAD+metabolism,depending on the tissue involved or pathological settings where metabolic demand is increased.Under physiological conditions,the liver act as an essential metabolic organ with abundant NNMT expression,while NNMT hepatic function is not mediated by its methyltransferase activity due to other major methyltransferases such as glycine N-methyltransferase(GNMT)in the liver.However,hepatic NNMT,as well as its metabolite is improperly regulated and linked to the worse pathological states in liver diseases,including alcoholic liver disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),suggesting a potential role in the process of liver diseases.In this review,we summarize how NNMT regulates cell methylation balance and NAD metabolism,and extensively outline the current knowledge concerning the functions of NNMT in hepatic metabolism including glucose,lipid and energy,with a specific focus on the contribution of NNMT to the pathophysiology of liver-related diseases.NNMT is involved in the development and progression of liver diseases.Understanding the complex NNMT regulatory network and its effects on pathogenesis could provide new therapeutic strategies in the context of liver diseases.

Wistar大鼠脑内各区的Salsolinol氮甲基转移酶活性检测

Parkinson’s disease is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease.N-methylation can enhance the neurotoxiicity to dopaminergic neuron in the metabolic process of catechol isoquinolines and Salsolinol N-methyltransferases (SNMT) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.A new method including SNMT purification and detecting SNMT activity was developed and displays an excellent sensitivity and stability.In addition,the SNMT activity in Wistar rats substantia nigra,striatum and cerebellum.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase protein expression in renal cell cancer

Objective: To understand the function of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) protein as tumor biomarker in renal carcinoma. Methods: Recombinant NNMT protein was used to prepare monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technique. The diagnostic and prognostic function of NNMT protein in renal carcinoma was evaluated by analyzing 74 renal cancer tissues through immunohistochemical staining for NNMT by using the prepared antibodies. Results: Two hybridomas named 2F8 and 1E7 stably secreting the monoclonal antibodies were isolated successfully, and characters such as isotypes and specificity were determined. NNMT protein was significantly up-regulated in renal cancer and significantly associated with tumor histology and ages. The univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the pT-status, high levels of NNMT, and distant metastasis were significant prognosticators. Conclusion: NNMT is over-expressed in a large proportion in renal cell cancers. High NNMT expression is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, the prognostic value of NNMT needs further verification in larger sample sizes.

烟酰胺-N-甲基转移酶在结直肠癌中的表达及其与上皮间质转化的关系

目的探讨烟酰胺-N-甲基转移酶(NNMT)在结直肠癌组织中的表达水平及其与上皮间质转化(EMT)的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR检测80例结直肠癌组织及其相应癌旁组织NNMT mRNA的表达情况,采用免疫组织化学法检测NNMT、E-钙黏着蛋白和波形蛋白的表达情况,比较不同临床病理特征患者癌组织NNMT mRNA的表达量;采用定量PCR检测SW480结肠癌细胞株及经NNMT抑制剂处理后的SW480细胞NNMT、E-钙黏着蛋白和波形蛋白的表达情况。结果结直肠癌组织中NNMT mRNA表达量高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),不同年龄、性别、淋巴结转移、原发肿瘤-区域淋巴结-远处转移(TNM)分期、肿瘤直径、血清癌胚抗原水平患者间NNMT mRNA表达量差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,结直肠癌组织中NNMT及波形蛋白表达高于癌旁组织,而E-钙黏着蛋白的表达则低于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。经NNMT抑制剂处理后,SW480细胞中NNMT、波形蛋白的表达降低,E-钙黏着蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论 NNMT在结直肠癌组织中表达上调,并可能通过EMT参与结直肠癌的发生发展。

Efficient biosynthesis of creatine by whole-cell catalysis from guanidinoacetic acid in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Creatine is a naturally occurring derivative of an amino acid commonly utilized in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.Nevertheless,the current industrial synthesis of creatine relies on chemical processes,which may hinder its utilization in certain applications.Therefore,a biological approach was devised that employs whole-cell biocatalysis in the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum,which is considered safe for use in food production,to produce safe-for-consumption creatine.The objective of this study was to identify a guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase(GAMT)with superior catalytic activity for creatine production.Through employing whole-cell biocatalysis,a gamt gene from Mus caroli(Mcgamt)was cloned and expressed in C.glutamicum ATCC 13032,resulting in a creatine titer of 3.37 g/L.Additionally,the study employed a promoter screening strategy that utilized nine native strong promoters in C.glutamicum to enhance the expression level of GAMT.The highest titer was achieved using the P1676 promoter,reaching 4.14 g/L.The conditions of whole-cell biocatalysis were further optimized,resulting in a creatine titer of 5.42 g/L.This is the first report of successful secretory creatine expression in C.glutamicum,which provides a safer and eco-friendly approach for the industrial production of creatine.

Abscisic acid-dependent PMT1 expression regulates salt tolerance by alleviating abscisic acid-mediated reactive oxygen species production in Arabidopsis

Phosphocholine(PCho)is an intermediate metabolite of nonplastid plant membranes that is essential for salt tolerance.However,how PCho metabolism modulates response to salt stress remains unknown.Here,we characterize the role of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1(PMT1)in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana using a T-DNA insertional mutant,geneediting alleles,and complemented lines.The pmt1 mutants showed a severe inhibition of root elongation when exposed to salt stress,but exogenous ChoCl or lecithin rescued this defect.pmt1 also displayed altered glycerolipid metabolism under salt stress,suggesting that glycerolipids contribute to salt tolerance.Moreover,pmt1 mutants exhibited altered reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and distribution,reduced cell division activity,and disturbed auxin distribution in the primary root compared with wild-type seedlings.We show that PMT1 expression is induced by salt stress and relies on the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway,as this induction was abolished in the aba2-1 and pyl112458 mutants.However,ABA aggravated the salt sensitivity of the pmt1 mutants by perturbing ROS distribution in the root tip.Taken together,we propose that PMT1 is an important phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase participating in root development of primary root elongation under salt stress conditions by balancing ROS production and distribution through ABA signaling.