The cholinergic system is involved in a broad spectrum of brain function, and its failure has been implicated in Alzheimer＇s disease. Acetylcholine transduces signals through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine re...The cholinergic system is involved in a broad spectrum of brain function, and its failure has been implicated in Alzheimer＇s disease. Acetylcholine transduces signals through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, both of which influence synaptic plasticity and cognition. However, the mechanisms that relate the rapid gating of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to persistent changes in brain function have remained elusive. Recent evidence indicates that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activities affect synaptic morphology and density, which result in persistent rearrangements of neural connectivity. Further investigations of the relationships between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rearrangements of neural circuitry in the central nervous system may help understand the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAChRs） are the targets of neonicotinoids and spinosads, two insecticides used in orchards to effectively control codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）...Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAChRs） are the targets of neonicotinoids and spinosads, two insecticides used in orchards to effectively control codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）. Orchardists in Washington State are concerned about the possibility of codling moth field populations developing resistance to these two insecticides. In an effort to help mitigate this issue, we initiated a project to identify and characterize codling moth nAChR subunits expressed in heads. This study had two main goals; （i） identify transcripts from a codling moth head transcriptome that encode for nAChR subunits, and （ii） determine nAChR subunit expression profiles in various life stages of codling moth. From a codling moth head transcriptome, 24 transcripts encoding for 12 putative nAChR subunit classes were identified and verified by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequence determination. Characterization of the deduced protein sequences encoded by putative nAChR transcripts revealed that they share the distinguishing features of the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily with 9 α-type subunits and 3 β- type subunits identified. Phylogenetic analysis comparing these protein sequences to those of other insect nAChR subunits supports the identification of these proteins as nAChR subunits. Stage expression studies determined that there is clear differential expression of many of these subunits throughout the codling moth life cycle. The information from this study will be used in the future to monitor for potential target-site resistance mechanisms to neonicotinoids and spinosads in tolerant codling moth populations.展开更多
基金supported by the Takeda Science Foundation and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19590247
文摘The cholinergic system is involved in a broad spectrum of brain function, and its failure has been implicated in Alzheimer＇s disease. Acetylcholine transduces signals through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, both of which influence synaptic plasticity and cognition. However, the mechanisms that relate the rapid gating of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to persistent changes in brain function have remained elusive. Recent evidence indicates that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activities affect synaptic morphology and density, which result in persistent rearrangements of neural connectivity. Further investigations of the relationships between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rearrangements of neural circuitry in the central nervous system may help understand the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease.
基金We thank Drs. Man-Yeon Choi and Rodney Cooper for critical review of this manuscript. We are most grate- ful to Laura Willett, Kim Shannon, and Karolynn Tom for maintenance of the codling moth colony. Dr. MichaelParra （Heritage University） is thanked for his helpful dis- cussions and comments. This work was supported by a grant from the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commis- sion （awarded to SFG, CP-13-101） and a grant from the Research Experience for Undergraduates program of the National Science Foundation （awarded to Nina Barcenas, Heritage University, NSF-REU Award# 1156603）.
文摘Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAChRs） are the targets of neonicotinoids and spinosads, two insecticides used in orchards to effectively control codling moth, Cydia pomonella （L.） （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）. Orchardists in Washington State are concerned about the possibility of codling moth field populations developing resistance to these two insecticides. In an effort to help mitigate this issue, we initiated a project to identify and characterize codling moth nAChR subunits expressed in heads. This study had two main goals; （i） identify transcripts from a codling moth head transcriptome that encode for nAChR subunits, and （ii） determine nAChR subunit expression profiles in various life stages of codling moth. From a codling moth head transcriptome, 24 transcripts encoding for 12 putative nAChR subunit classes were identified and verified by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequence determination. Characterization of the deduced protein sequences encoded by putative nAChR transcripts revealed that they share the distinguishing features of the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily with 9 α-type subunits and 3 β- type subunits identified. Phylogenetic analysis comparing these protein sequences to those of other insect nAChR subunits supports the identification of these proteins as nAChR subunits. Stage expression studies determined that there is clear differential expression of many of these subunits throughout the codling moth life cycle. The information from this study will be used in the future to monitor for potential target-site resistance mechanisms to neonicotinoids and spinosads in tolerant codling moth populations.
基金This research was fundedin part by the grant from Projects of Development Plan of the State Key Fundamental Research (973 Projects) fortheir support of this study (No .J2000016207) .
