The habitat of Riau pale-thighed surili (Presbytis siamensis cana) located in Riau province of Sumatra island between Siak in the north and Indragiri rivers in the south, has been seriously degraded in the last a few ...The habitat of Riau pale-thighed surili (Presbytis siamensis cana) located in Riau province of Sumatra island between Siak in the north and Indragiri rivers in the south, has been seriously degraded in the last a few decades. This swampy peat land forest has been degraded by frequent burning during the dry season. These problems originated because of poor governance on the forest management, and the construction of two access roads by the owners of logging concessions and wood pulp plantations. This forest block consists of Tesso Nilo National Park, Kerumutan protected area, Production Forest areas belong to two companies, and a small recreation Park. It also contains one of the most important mixed peat swamp forests. Here, we tracked changes in forest cover before and after road construction using GIS and remote sensing imagery. Deforestation rates have increased from 1.5% per year before road construction to 9.28% per year after road construction, which means that the area of forest has decreased by an annual average of 8156 ha in Tesso Nillo alone. The habitat of Riau pale-thighed surili decreased almost up to 60% in the last decade after companies started their converting forest for oil palm and acacia and roads were built crisscrossed. If the trend of deforestation continues, further decline of population of habitat of this species is unavoided. Researches should be carried out in more details to understand the status of population of this subspecies before this subspecies disappears in the wild.展开更多
Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformati...Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformations and characters’options from three aspects:social space,psychological space,and theatrical space.Social space is both a physical social product and a projection of social relations.Cruz focuses on spatial practice in the cigar factory and reflects the transformation of American society and production methods,which leads to the conflict between tradition and modernity.Psychological space shows the spatial subject’s psychological state in social relationships.Cruz portrays cultural displacement of Cuban immigrants and indicates their quest for identity and spatial belonging through memories and spatial transcending.Theatrical space presents a symbolic stage place.Cruz uses theatrical techniques such as juxtaposition along with sound and lighting.He goes beyond the context to make options predestined and attempts to reconstruct the spiritual order in the tragic ending,thus implying a possible eternity of memories.The interweaving of multi-dimensional transformations and options reveals Cruz’s reflection on social reality and his humanistic concern,extends beyond the stage via Tolstoy’s classic and provides a new perspective on the interpretation of this play.展开更多
文摘The habitat of Riau pale-thighed surili (Presbytis siamensis cana) located in Riau province of Sumatra island between Siak in the north and Indragiri rivers in the south, has been seriously degraded in the last a few decades. This swampy peat land forest has been degraded by frequent burning during the dry season. These problems originated because of poor governance on the forest management, and the construction of two access roads by the owners of logging concessions and wood pulp plantations. This forest block consists of Tesso Nilo National Park, Kerumutan protected area, Production Forest areas belong to two companies, and a small recreation Park. It also contains one of the most important mixed peat swamp forests. Here, we tracked changes in forest cover before and after road construction using GIS and remote sensing imagery. Deforestation rates have increased from 1.5% per year before road construction to 9.28% per year after road construction, which means that the area of forest has decreased by an annual average of 8156 ha in Tesso Nillo alone. The habitat of Riau pale-thighed surili decreased almost up to 60% in the last decade after companies started their converting forest for oil palm and acacia and roads were built crisscrossed. If the trend of deforestation continues, further decline of population of habitat of this species is unavoided. Researches should be carried out in more details to understand the status of population of this subspecies before this subspecies disappears in the wild.
文摘Nilo Cruz is a Cuban-American playwright,whose Pulitzer-winning Anna in the Tropics has earned his national fame.Based on spatial theory proposed by Lefebvre and other scholars,this paper explores spatial transformations and characters’options from three aspects:social space,psychological space,and theatrical space.Social space is both a physical social product and a projection of social relations.Cruz focuses on spatial practice in the cigar factory and reflects the transformation of American society and production methods,which leads to the conflict between tradition and modernity.Psychological space shows the spatial subject’s psychological state in social relationships.Cruz portrays cultural displacement of Cuban immigrants and indicates their quest for identity and spatial belonging through memories and spatial transcending.Theatrical space presents a symbolic stage place.Cruz uses theatrical techniques such as juxtaposition along with sound and lighting.He goes beyond the context to make options predestined and attempts to reconstruct the spiritual order in the tragic ending,thus implying a possible eternity of memories.The interweaving of multi-dimensional transformations and options reveals Cruz’s reflection on social reality and his humanistic concern,extends beyond the stage via Tolstoy’s classic and provides a new perspective on the interpretation of this play.
