Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and their effects on angiogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To determine the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to investigate the relationship between iNOS and MMP-9 expression and their effects on angiogenesis and progression of HCC.METHODS： In this study, we examined iNOS, MMP-9, and CD34 expression in specimens surgically removed from 32 HCC patients and 7 normal liver tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, microvessel density （MVD） was determined as a marker of angiogenesis by counting CD34-positive cells. RESULTS： The positive rates of iNOS and MMP-9 expression were 71.88% （23/32） and 78.13% （25/32） in HCC. MMP-9 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, capsule status, TNM stage, and risk of HCC recurrence （P = 0.032, P= 0.033, P= 0.007, and P= 0.001, respectively）. There was also a significant relationship between iNOS expression and capsule status and risk of HCC recurrence （P = 0.049 and P = 0.004, respectively）, but no correlation between iNOS expression and tumor size and TNM stage. There was a positive association between MVD and TNM stage and risk of HCC recurrence （P = 0.037 and P = 0.000, respectively）. The count of MVD was significantly different in different iNOS and MMP-9 immunoreactivity groups （F= 17.713 and 17.097, P= 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively）. The examination of Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive correlation between MVD and iNOS, MMP-9 immunoreactivity （r = 0.754 and 0.751, P= 0.000 and P=-0.000, respectively）. There was also a significant association between MMP-9 and iNOS expression in HCC （P = 0.010）. CONCLUSION： Nitric oxide （NO） produced by iNOS could modulate MMP-9 production and therefore contribute totumor cell angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis in HCC. The strong expression of iNOS and MMP-9 in HCC may be helpful in evaluating the recurrence of HCC, predicting poor prognosis. For patients with strong expression of MMP-9 and iNOS, the optimal treatment scheme needs to be selected.

Temporal expression of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase in liver cirrhosis

AIM: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. We have found inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can be induced in hepatocytes of cirrhotic liver. This study further investigated the temporal expression and activity of hepatic iNOS in cirrhosis development. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced in rats by chronic bile duet ligatjon (BDL). At different time points after the operation, samples were collected to examine NO concentration, liver function, and morphological changes. Hepatocytes were isolated for determination of iNOS mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity. RESULTS: Histological examination showed early cirrhosis 1-2 wk after BDL, with advanced cirrhosis at 3-4 wk. Bilirubin increased dramatically 3 d after BDL, but decreased by 47% on d 14. Three weeks after BDL, it elevated again. Systemic NO concentration did not increase significantly until 4 wk after BDL, when ascites developed. Hepatocyte iNOS mRNA expression was identified 3 d after BDL, and enhanced with time to 3 wk, but reduced thereafter. iNOS protein showed a similar pattern to mRNA expression. iNOS activity decreased from d 3 to d 7, but increased again thereafter till d 21. CONCLUSION: Hepatic iNOS can be induced in the early stage, which increases with time as cirrhosis develops. lts enzymatic activity is significantly correlated with protein expression and histological alterations of the liver, but not with systemic NO levels, nor with absolute values of liver function markers.

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in the substantia nigra of rats with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND：Nitrogen monoxide plays an important role in the physiological activity and pathological process of striatum in substantia nigra, and the nitric oxide synthase in substantia nigra may have characteristic changes after liver cirrhosis.OBJECTIYE： To observe the distribution and forms of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） positive neurons and fibers in substantia nigra of rats with liver cirrhosis.DESIGN： A comparative observational experiment.SETTINGS： Beijing Friendship Hospital; Capital Medical University.MATERIALS： Twenty 4-month-old male Wistar rats （120 - 150 g） of clean grade, were maintained in a 12-hour light/dark cycle at a constant temperature with free access to standard diet and water. Cryostat microtome （LEICA, Germany）; All the reagents were purchased from Sigma Company.METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Department of Anatomy （key laboratory of Beijing city）,Capital Medical University from July 2000 to March 2002. The rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=10） and liver fibrosis group （n=10）. Rats in the liver fibrosis group were subcutaneously injected with 60% CCl4 oil at a dose of 5 mL/kg for the first time, and 3 mL/kg for the next 14 times, twice a week,totally 15 times. Liver fibrosis of grades 5 - 6 was taken as successful models. Whereas rats in the normal group were not given any treatment. Four months after CCl4 treatment, all the rats were anesthetized to remove brain, and frontal frozen serial sections were prepared. The expressions of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra of rats were observed under inverted microscope. The number and gray scale of cell body of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra were detected with NADPH-diaphorase staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Number and gray scale of cell body of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra; ②Expressions of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra.RESULTS： All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ①The nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra were obviously fewer in the liver cirrhosis group than in the normal group （P〈0.01）, and the gray scale of the positive cell body was higher in the liver cirrhosis group than in the normal group （P〈0.05）. ② Abundant nitric oxide synthase positive neurons were observed in substantia nigra of neurons in substantia nigra were obviously fewer in the liver cirrhosis group than in the normal group （P〈0.01）, and the gray scale of the positive cell body was higher in the liver cirrhosis group than in the normal normal rats, the cell body of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons was clear and transparent, with short own cloudy processes. In substantia nigra of rats with liver cirrhosis, the body of nitric oxide synthase positive neurons were observed shrink obviously, less fibrin than normal.CONCLUSION： Rats with liver cirrhosis may suffer from the physiological dysfunction of neurons due to lack of fibers. The nitric oxide synthase positive neurons in substantia nigra can shrink and reduce.

Nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase expressions in human liver cirrhosis

AIM： Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. Intrahepatic pressure can be elevated in several ways. Abnormal architecture affecting the vasculature, an increase in vasoconstrictors and increased circulation from the splanchnic viscera into the portal system may all contribute. It follows that endogenous vasodilators may be able to alleviate the hypertension. We therefore aimed to investigate the levels of endogenous vasodilators, nitric oxide （NO） and carbon monoxide （CO） through the expression of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and heme oxygenase （HO）. METHOD： Cirrhotic （n = 20） and non-cirrhotic （n = 20） livers were obtained from patients who had undergone surgery. The mRNA and protein expressions of the various isoforms of NOS and HO were examined using competitive PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： There was no significant change in either inducible NOS （iNOS） or neuronal NOS （nNOS） expressions while endothelial NOS （eNOS） was up- regulated in cirrhotic livers. Concomitantly, caveolin-1, an established down-regulator of eNOS, was upregulated. Inducible HO-1 and constitutive HO-2 were found to show increased expression in cirrhotic livers albeit in different Iocalizations. CONCLUSION： The differences of NOS expression might be due to their differing roles in maintaining liver homeostasis and/or involvement in the pathology of cirrhosis. Sheer stress within the hypertensive liver may induce increased expression of eNOS. In turn, caveolin-1 is also increased. Whether this serves as a defense mechanism against further cirrhosis or is a consequence of cirrhosis, is yet unknown. The elevated expression of HO-1 and HO-2 suggest that CO may compensate in its role as a vasodilator albeit weakly. It is possible that CO and NO have parallel or coordinated functions within the liver and may work antagonistically in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is related to angiogenesis,bcl—2 and cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma

In this study, we examined the expression of inducible nitric oxide s ynthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunohistoc hemi cal staining in 76 tissue sections collected from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing hepatectomy. Microvascular density (MVD) was determined by counting endothelial cells immunostained using anti-CD34 antibody. We performe d DNA-flow cytometric analyses to elucidate the impact of iNOS and VEGF expressi o n on the cell cycle of HCC. Most of the HCC cells that invaded stroma were mark edly immunostained by iNOS antibody. The iNOS stain intensity of the liver tissu e close to the tumor edge was stronger than that of HCC tissue, and the stronges t was the hepatocytes closer to the tumor tissue. However, iNOS expression in 10 normal hepatic samples was undetectable. VEGF positive expression ratio was 84. 8% in iNOS positive expression cases, and the ratio was 35.3% in negative cases. There was significant correlation (P=0.000) between iNOS and VEGF expressi on. Moreover, iNOS expression was significantly associated with bcl-2 and MVD, but w ithout p53 expression. DNA-flow cytometric analyses showed that combined expres s ion of iNOS and VEGF had significant impact on the cell cycle in HCC. PI (Proli ferating Index) and SPF (S-phase fraction) in the combined positive expression o f iNOS and VEGF group was significantly higher than that in the combined negativ e group. The present findings suggested that iNOS expression was significantly a ssociated with angiogenesis, bcl-2 and cell proliferation of HCC.

NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR EXPRESSION IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND THE CORRELATION WITH ANGIOGENESIS

Objective: To analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relation to angiogenesis. Methods: Tissue sections from 71 HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically for protein expression of iNOS, eNOS, and VEGF. Microvessal density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained by anti-CD34 antibody. Results: Positive immunostaining for iNOS, eNOS was detected in 83.1% and 85.9% of HCC respectively. INOS and eNOS were not detected in normal hepatic tissue. MVD was 34.3±1.5/HP and 38.6±1.6/HP in HCC with positive staining for iNOS and VEGF while it was 31.2±2.8/HP, and 22.4±2.0/HP in HCC with negative staining for iNOS and VEGF (P<0.01). A correlation between NOS expression and VEGF in HCC was not observed. Conclusion: iNOS and eNOS may play a role in malignant transformation f post-hepatic cirrhosis. The expression of iNOS and VEGF favors angiogenesis of HCC.

Effect of L-NAME on nitric oxide and gastrointestinal motility alterations in cirrhotic rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of L-NAME on nitric oxide and gastrointestinal motility alterations in cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Rats with cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride were randomly divided into two groups, one n =13 receiving 0.5mg.kg(-1) per day of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, for 10 days, whereas the other group (n =13) and control (n =10) rats were administrated the same volume of 9g.L(-1) saline. Half gastric emptying time and 2h residual rate were measured by SPECT, using (99m)Tc-DTPA-labeled barium sulfate as test meal. Gastrointestinal transition time was recorded simultaneously. Serum concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the kinetic cadmium reduction and colorimetric methods. Immunohistochemical SABC method was used to observe the expression and distribution of three types of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Western blot was used to detect expression of gastrointestinal NOS isoforms. RESULTS: Half gastric emptying time and trans-gastrointestinal time were significantly prolonged(124.0 +/- 26.4 min; 33.7 +/- 8.9 min; 72.1 +/- 15.3 min; P【0.01), (12.4 +/- 0.5h; 9.5 +/- 0.3h; 8.2 +/- 0.8h; P【0.01), 2h residual rate was raised in cirrhotic rats than in controls and cirrhotic rats treated with L-NAME (54.9 +/- 7.6%,13.7 +/- 3.2%, 34.9 +/- 10.3%, P【0.01). Serum concentration of NO was significantly increased in cirrhotic rats than in the other groups (8.20 +/- 2.48) micromol.L(-1), (5.94 +/-1.07) micromol.L(-1) and control (5.66 +/- 1.60 micromol.L(-1), P【0.01. NOS staining intensities which were mainly located in the gastrointestinal tissues were markedly lower in cirrhotic rats than in the controls and cirrhotic rats after treated with L-NAME. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal motility was remarkably inhibited in cirrhotic rats, which could be alleviated by L-NAME. Nitric oxide may play an important role in the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility in cirrhotic rats.

人肝癌组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达及微血管密度的病理意义

背景与目的:诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)被认为是诱导和调节肿瘤血管生成,进而影响肿瘤病理进展和预后的重要相关因子。本研究检测人肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)及相应癌旁组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达,探讨其与血管生成的关系,为临床诊治HCC及判断其预后提供理论依据。方法:应用组织芯片技术,采用原位杂交和免疫组化法分析147例HCC组织及癌旁组织中iNOS、VEGF的表达,并用CD34标记免疫组化法检测微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果:iNOS、VEGF在癌旁组织中的阳性率分别为33.33%和40.82%,而在癌组织中的阳性率分别为86.39%和78.91%,癌组织与癌旁组织比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。癌组织的MVD值为56.5±12.8,癌旁组织的MVD值为8.4±3.6,两者差异有显著性(P<0.01)。iNOS的表达与肿瘤大小、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)相关(P<0.05),而与转移和肿瘤分化程度无关(P>0.05)。VEGF的表达及MVD值与肿瘤大小、转移相关(P<0.05),而与HBsAg和肿瘤分化程度无关(P>0.05)。在癌组织中MVD与VEGF、iNOS的表达呈正相关,VEGF和iNOS之间亦存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:HCC中iNOS及VEGF的表达与肿瘤血管生成有关。癌组?

原发性肝癌一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的研究

探讨一氧化氮 (Nitricoxide,NO)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (induciblenitricoxidesynthase ,iNOS)与原发性肝癌 (HCC)间的关系 ,用Griess反应测定 16 2例患者的血浆亚硝酸盐 /硝酸盐 (NO-2 /NO-3 )水平 ,其中HCC82例 ,非HCC80例 ,健康对照 36名。用免疫组化法检查组织中iNOS的含量 ,取正常肝脏组织 2 0例作对照 ,慢性肝炎 (CH)和肝硬化 (LC)的肝脏组织各 40例 ,HCC组织 48例。结果显示 ,正常人血浆NO-2 /NO-3 含量为 16 .8±4.9μmol/L,有HCC的CH(6 3 .4± 18.2 μmol)和LC(42 .2± 11.5 μmol/L)明显高于非HCC的患者 (CH :2 8.5±8.7μmol/L;LC :2 4.7± 6 .2 μmol/L .P <0 .0 1) ,患CH的HCC患者血浆NO-2 /NO-3 水平明显高于LC基础上的HCC患者 (P <0 .0 5 )。正常肝组织iNOS阴性 ,LC有 2 5例 (6 2 .5 % )阳性 ,CH 36例 (90 % )阳性 ,HCC 46例 (95 8% )阳性 ;且CH (P <0 .0 2 5 )及HCC(P <0 .0 0 1)的表达水平明显高于LC。提示HCC患者有NO分泌的增加 。

外源性脂联素对内皮素1诱导的肝星状细胞收缩的影响及作用机制

目的观察外源性脂联素对内皮素(ET)1诱导的肝星状细胞(HSC)-T6收缩的影响,探讨脂联素在此过程中的可能作用机制。方法应用胶原晶格法观察不同浓度(0.25、0.5μg/ml)脂联素及脂联素(0.5μg/ml)与左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(LNAME)(5 mmol/L)共同作用下对ET-1诱导的HSC-T6细胞收缩的影响;分别采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western Blot检测脂联素(0.5μg/ml)作用后HSC-T6细胞中ET-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达,采用ELISA检测脂联素(0.5μg/ml)作用后HSC-T6细胞培养液中ET-1蛋白的表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR及Western Blot检测不同浓度(0.5、1、2μg/ml)脂联素与ET-1共同作用下HSC-T6细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)的mRNA及蛋白的表达,同时检测HSC-T6细胞中AMPK、p-AMPK、Akt、p-Akt蛋白的表达。计量资料多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用Dunnett法。结果 (1)胶原晶格实验显示,与空白对照组相比,ET-1组凝胶面积显著收缩[(24.8±7.3)%vs(71.9±4.1)%,P<0.01];脂联素(0.5μg/ml)处理后,明显抑制ET-1引起的收缩[(52.7±20.6)%vs(24.8±7.3)%,P<0.05];L-NAME(5 mmol/L)可以部分抵消脂联素的抑制作用(P>0.05)。(2)脂联素(0.5μg/ml)可以抑制HSC-T6细胞中ET-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时可以抑制细胞上清液中ET-1的蛋白表达,在脂联素的基础上加入L-NAME后,脂联素的上述抑制作用均得到部分逆转。(3)HSC-T6细胞中有i NOS mRNA表达,加入ET-1后i NOS mRNA表达量明显下降(P<0.01),同时加入ET-1和脂联素作用后i NOS mRNA表达较ET-1组增加,且随着脂联素浓度升高i NOS mRNA表达量有逐渐升高的趋势,HSC-T6细胞中i NOS蛋白表达与mRNA表达趋势一致;ET-1处理24 h后HSC-T6细胞中p-AMPK表达水平明显减低,在此基础上加入脂联素后,p-AMPK表达水平明显上升,且随脂联素浓度的增加逐渐增加;ET-1处理24 h后HSC-T6细胞中p-Akt表达水平明显上升,在此基础上加入脂联素后,p-Akt的表达水平下降,且随脂联素浓度的增加逐渐降低。结论脂联素能够抑制ET-1诱导的HSC收缩,其机制可能是通过激活AMPK,增加NO的合成,减少ET-1的合成分泌,同时阻断Akt信号通路来实现的。脂联素抑制HSC的收缩作用可能是其抗肝纤维化的机制之一。

NO和iNOS在肝硬化患者肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系

目的:观察NOS-NO系统在肝硬化患者肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系,以探讨其在肝硬化门脉高压中的作用。方法:随机抽取20例正常志愿者及20例肝硬化患者,在B超引导下经皮经肝穿刺分别测定门静脉压力、抽取门静脉血和外周血并留取肝组织,测定血液中NO浓度,观察肝组织iNOS的表达。结果:肝硬化患者下腔静脉及门静脉血中NO浓度、肝组织iNOS的表达及门静脉压力均分别显著高于正常对照组。正常对照组的外周血和门静脉血中NO浓度水平接近,差异无统计学意义;但肝硬化患者的门静脉血NO浓度显著高于外周血NO浓度。门静脉压力与外周静脉血NO浓度、门脉血NO浓度及肝组织中iNOS的表达呈直线相关关系。结论:门静脉压力与门脉血NO浓度、肝组织中iNOS的表达密切相关。

一氧化氮合酶在肝细胞癌中的表达及与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的 :探讨肝细胞癌 (HCC)中诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS)的表达与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法 :应用免疫组化方法检测 5 1例肝癌及癌旁肝硬化组织中 i NOS的分布和表达 ,F RAg免疫特异性染色血管内皮细胞计数肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)。结果 :1肝癌和癌旁肝硬化组织均表达 i NOS,但癌旁肝硬化组织中 i NOS表达强度明显高于肝癌组织 ;2 MVD与肿瘤的大小、包膜、肝内转移及肝功能状况有关 ,与病理分级、腹水及 AFP无关 ;3有门脉侵犯及淋巴结转移肝癌的 MVD虽高于无门脉侵犯及淋巴结转移肝癌 ,但差异无显著性 ;4i NOS在肝癌中的表达与 MVD呈显著正相关。结论 :i NOS在肝硬化组织中的持续高表达 ,可能是肝硬化癌变的诱因 ;i

L-NAME对肝硬化大鼠胃肠道中一氧化氮合酶亚型表达的影响

目的 研究一氧化氮合酶亚型 (NOS1 ,NOS2 ,NOS3)在肝硬化大鼠胃肠道中的表达 ,并探讨 NOS抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲基酯 (L- NAME)对其表达的影响 .方法 制作大鼠四氯化碳中毒肝硬化模型 ,肝硬化模型大鼠随机分为 NO合酶 (NOS)抑制剂治疗组和未治疗组 ,模型治疗组用 L - NAME0 .5 mg· kg- 1· d- 1 ,胃内注入 ,每日 1次 ,治疗 10 d.免疫组织化学染色显示胃肠道组织中各型 NOS的染色强度和分布 ,Western blot法检测胃肠道组织中各型 NOS的表达 .结果 模型组大鼠胃、小肠、结肠组织中的 NOS染色强度显著弱于正常对照组和 L- NAME治疗组大鼠 .Western blot显示在肝硬化模型大鼠胃、小肠、结肠组织中的各型 NOS表达均明显降低 ,L - NAME治疗后又恢复至接近正常 .结论 肝硬化大鼠胃肠道组织中各型 NOS的表达明显减少 ,L-

肝硬化门脉高压症患者肝组织中一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶与肝功能分级关系的研究

目的:探讨肝硬化门脉高压症患者肝组织中一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与肝功能分级的关系。方法:用硝酸还原酶化学比色法检测56例肝硬化门脉高压症患者(按肝功能Child分级标准分为A、B、C级3组)及19例正常对照组肝组织中的NO含量和NOS活性,分析其与肝功能分级的相关性。结果:肝硬化门脉高压组肝组织中NO含量分别为(0.851±0.141)、(1.059±0.211)、(1.987±0.566)μmol/g·prot,NOS活性分别为(0.701±0.105)、(0.861±0.118)、(1.414±0.241)U/mg·prot,均高于正常对照组眼(0.211±0.099)μmol/g·prot,(0.282±0.086)U/mg·prot演,且与肝功能Child分级呈正相关(r=0.847)。结论:肝硬化门脉高压组患者肝组织中NO含量较正常对照组明显增加,NOS活性显著增强,与肝功能Child分级呈正相关。

肝细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子和cNOS与血管生成及细胞增殖的关系

目的 观察血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及含激酶插入区受体 (KDR)在原发性肝癌中的表达情况及其与cNOS表达的相关性 ,探讨它们在肝癌肿瘤性血管生成、肿瘤细胞增殖和转移过程中的作用。 方法 收集手术切除的 80例原发性肝癌、4 0例肝硬化、2 0例正常肝组织标本 ,应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交的方法观察VEGF及其KDR、cNOS在肝细胞癌中的表达情况 ,分析VEGF及其受体KDR、cNOS与微血管密度 (MVD)、肿瘤细胞增殖指数和转移的关系。 结果 肝癌组织中癌细胞VEGF的表达与MVD、细胞增殖指数明显相关 (P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ,与肝癌内皮细胞中cNOSmRNA的表达之间也有相关性 (Pearson列联系数 =0 2 984 ,P <0 0 5 )。内皮细胞中cNOSmRNA与VEGF均阳性者微血管密度、细胞增殖指数均明显高于cNOSmRNA阴性和VEGF阳性者 (P <0 0 1) ,也明显高于两者均阴性者 (P <0 0 1)。 结论 肝细胞癌中癌细胞VEGF的表达与血管生成、细胞增殖和肝癌转移密切相关 ,且内皮细胞cNOSmRNA的表达可能参与VEGF的促血管生成作用。

肝硬化大鼠胃壁一氧化氮合酶的组化研究

目的：门脉高压性胃病在组织学上以胃臂粘膜及粘膜下血管扩张为特征，一氧化氮作为扩血管物质可能参与了此异常的发生。方法：使用ＮＡＤＰＨ黄递酶组化法显示肝硬化大鼠胃臂一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性。结果：肝硬化大鼠胃粘膜上皮、胃壁内小动脉及小静脉ＮＯＳ染色均增强，胃粘膜上皮脱落、变性、不规整，胃壁内小动脉、小静脉扭曲变形。结论：肝硬化大鼠胃壁一氧化氮合酶产生增加，可能参与了肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的发生。

肝细胞肝癌组织精氨酸酶2和诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达及与肿瘤血管形成的相关性

目的:探讨精氨酸酶2(arginase-2,Arg-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)在肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的相关性。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测158例HCC患者手术切除标本中Arg-2、iNOS的表达,抗CD34单克隆抗体显示血管内皮细胞。采用Image-Pro plus 6.2.1图像分析软件测定肿瘤微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果:158例HCC中,Arg-2、iNOS的阳性表达率分别为73.4%(116/158)、83.5%(132/158)。Arg-2和iNOS在HCC组织中的表达正相关(r=0.474,P=0.000)。116例Arg-2阳性HCC组织的MVD为(283.92±130.69)/0.702mm^2,42例Arg-2阴性HCC组织的MVD为(129.25±51.00)/0.702mm^2,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);132例iNOS阳性组织的MVD为(267±131.49)/0.702mm^2,26例iNOS阴性HCC组织的MVD为(116±41.85)/0.702mm^2,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:Arg-2与iNOS在HCC组织中的表达正相关,且与MVD相关,提示Arg-2与iNOS可能参与调节HCC中微血管的形成。

iNOS和HO-1与肝癌的细胞增殖和凋亡的关系

目的:探讨原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中,诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitricoxide synthase,iNOS)和血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygneaseⅠ,HO-1)的表达情况及其与肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的关系。方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测56例HCC石腊组织标本和17例尸检正常肝标本中iNOS和HO-1的表达,同时检测以Ki67标记的细胞核增殖指数(proliferation index,PI)、抗凋亡基因BCL-2蛋白的表达,半定量评分系统评价染色结果。结果:肝癌组织中的iNOS、HO-1、抗凋亡基因BCL-2蛋白表达率分别为:83.3%、89.3%、71.4%,细胞核增殖指数为30.56±3.96%,上述各值均显著高于正常肝组织(P<0.01)。iNOS表达与细胞核增殖指数呈正相关,iNOS和HO-1的表达与抗凋亡基因BCL-2蛋白呈正相关(r=0.537,P<0.01和r=0.386,P<0.01)。结论:iNOS和HO-1的表达在促进HCC增殖和抑制HCC凋亡中发挥重要作用,有利于HCC生长。

肝细胞癌中iNOS和p53蛋白的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的 研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)和p5 3蛋白在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤血管形成的关系。方法 采用免疫组化和图像分析技术检测 5 9例肝细胞癌患者肿瘤组织中iNOS和p5 3蛋白的表达 ,CD34单克隆抗体免疫组化染色检测肿瘤组织微血管密度 (MVD)。结果 ①iNOS和p5 3蛋白在肝细胞癌组织中表达阳性率分别为 81.4 % ( 4 8/ 5 9)和 6 4 .4 % ( 38/ 5 9) ,表达强度 (IOD值 )分别为 5 6 35± 12 87和 335 2± 873。②MVD为 32 .5± 2 .73,以肿瘤边缘和癌旁组织微血管较密集。③iNOS的表达与p5 3蛋白表达呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 5 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;iNOS的表达与MVD呈显著正相关 (r=0 .75 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;p5 3蛋白的表达与MVD呈显著正相关 (r=0 .72 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论 肝细胞癌组织中存在iNOS和p5 3蛋白的高表达 ;iNOS和p5

肝硬化门脉高压症患者肝组织NO含量、NOS活性与肝功能分级的关系

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压症患者肝组织一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与肝功能分级的关系。方法用硝酸还原酶化学比色法检测56例肝硬化门脉高压症(肝硬化组,按肝功能Child分级分为A、B、C三级)及19例非肝硬化(对照组)患者的肝组织NO含量和NOS活性,分析其与肝功能分级的相关性。结果肝硬化组的肝组织NO含量、NOS活性均高于对照组,且与肝功能分级均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论检测肝硬化门脉高压症患者的肝组织NO含量、NOS活性可预测其肝脏损伤程度。