Overestimation of nitrogen（N） uptake requirement is one of the driving forces of the overuse of N fertilization and the low efficiency of N use in China. In this study, we collected data from 1 844 site-years of ric...Overestimation of nitrogen（N） uptake requirement is one of the driving forces of the overuse of N fertilization and the low efficiency of N use in China. In this study, we collected data from 1 844 site-years of rice（Oryza sativa L.） under various rotation cropping systems across the Yangtze River Valley. Selected treatments included without（N0 treatment） and with N application（N treatment） which were recommended by local technicians, with a wide grain range of 1.5–11.9 t ha–1. Across the 1 844 site-years, over 96% of the sites showed yield increase（relative yield〉105%） with N fertilization, and the increase rates decreased from 78.9 to 16.2% within the lowest range 〈4.0 to the highest 〉6.5 t ha–1. To produce one ton of grain, the rice absorbed approximately 17.8 kg N in the N0 treatment and 20.4 kg N in the N treatment. The value of partial factor productivity by N（PFP N） reached a range of 35.2–51.4 kg grain kg–1 with N application under the current recommended N rate. Averaged recovery rate of N（RE N） was above 36.0% in yields below 6.0 t ha–1 and lower than 31.7% in those above 6.0 t ha–1. Soil properties only affected yield increments within low rice yield levels（〈5.5 t ha–1）. There is a poor relationship between N application rates and indigenous nitrogen supply（INS）. From these observations and considering the local INS, we concluded there was a great potential for improvement in regional grain yield and N efficiency.展开更多
杨梅[Myrica rubra(Lour)Sieb et Zucc]是一种园艺果树,分布于江南沿海各省。由于其根系上有放线菌形成的根瘤,可固定大气中的氮,属非豆科固氮树种,因此具有耐瘠薄、适应性强的特点,在荒山绿化、水土保持、改良土壤、发展山区经济方面...杨梅[Myrica rubra(Lour)Sieb et Zucc]是一种园艺果树,分布于江南沿海各省。由于其根系上有放线菌形成的根瘤,可固定大气中的氮,属非豆科固氮树种,因此具有耐瘠薄、适应性强的特点,在荒山绿化、水土保持、改良土壤、发展山区经济方面有广阔的前景,是南方山区目前重点发展的果树之一。在管理方面。展开更多
农田长时间被植被所覆盖给遥感直接监测农田土壤养分及其动态带来巨大难度。由于不同的土壤条件和施肥量会在一定程度上引起作物长势的差异,并最终反映在作物冠层光谱反射率的差异,因此,通过遥感监测作物长势动态实现农田土壤养分与环...农田长时间被植被所覆盖给遥感直接监测农田土壤养分及其动态带来巨大难度。由于不同的土壤条件和施肥量会在一定程度上引起作物长势的差异,并最终反映在作物冠层光谱反射率的差异,因此,通过遥感监测作物长势动态实现农田土壤养分与环境质量将是遥感监测土壤质量的一个重要方法。该文利用追肥前后两期高光谱航空影像提取反映小麦长势状况的归一化植被指数N DV I,并结合小麦种植前后的土壤采样数据,分析了追肥前后N DV I及其增量与小麦种植前后土壤碱解氮增量之间的关系。研究结果表明:与追肥前后N DV I绝对增量相比,追肥前的N DV I能够较好地估测小麦生育期内土壤碱解氮增量,追肥前后N DV I绝对增量与追肥前的N DV I的比值是估测小麦生育期内土壤碱解氮增量的最好指标,而追肥后的N DV I与土壤碱解氮增量之间没有显著的相关关系,不能用于土壤碱解氮增量的估测。展开更多
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201103039)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Key Projects, China (2013PY113)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (2013CFB203)the Research Funds of Huazhong Agricultural University, China (52209814032) for providing financial support
文摘Overestimation of nitrogen（N） uptake requirement is one of the driving forces of the overuse of N fertilization and the low efficiency of N use in China. In this study, we collected data from 1 844 site-years of rice（Oryza sativa L.） under various rotation cropping systems across the Yangtze River Valley. Selected treatments included without（N0 treatment） and with N application（N treatment） which were recommended by local technicians, with a wide grain range of 1.5–11.9 t ha–1. Across the 1 844 site-years, over 96% of the sites showed yield increase（relative yield〉105%） with N fertilization, and the increase rates decreased from 78.9 to 16.2% within the lowest range 〈4.0 to the highest 〉6.5 t ha–1. To produce one ton of grain, the rice absorbed approximately 17.8 kg N in the N0 treatment and 20.4 kg N in the N treatment. The value of partial factor productivity by N（PFP N） reached a range of 35.2–51.4 kg grain kg–1 with N application under the current recommended N rate. Averaged recovery rate of N（RE N） was above 36.0% in yields below 6.0 t ha–1 and lower than 31.7% in those above 6.0 t ha–1. Soil properties only affected yield increments within low rice yield levels（〈5.5 t ha–1）. There is a poor relationship between N application rates and indigenous nitrogen supply（INS）. From these observations and considering the local INS, we concluded there was a great potential for improvement in regional grain yield and N efficiency.
文摘杨梅[Myrica rubra(Lour)Sieb et Zucc]是一种园艺果树,分布于江南沿海各省。由于其根系上有放线菌形成的根瘤,可固定大气中的氮,属非豆科固氮树种,因此具有耐瘠薄、适应性强的特点,在荒山绿化、水土保持、改良土壤、发展山区经济方面有广阔的前景,是南方山区目前重点发展的果树之一。在管理方面。
文摘农田长时间被植被所覆盖给遥感直接监测农田土壤养分及其动态带来巨大难度。由于不同的土壤条件和施肥量会在一定程度上引起作物长势的差异,并最终反映在作物冠层光谱反射率的差异,因此,通过遥感监测作物长势动态实现农田土壤养分与环境质量将是遥感监测土壤质量的一个重要方法。该文利用追肥前后两期高光谱航空影像提取反映小麦长势状况的归一化植被指数N DV I,并结合小麦种植前后的土壤采样数据,分析了追肥前后N DV I及其增量与小麦种植前后土壤碱解氮增量之间的关系。研究结果表明:与追肥前后N DV I绝对增量相比,追肥前的N DV I能够较好地估测小麦生育期内土壤碱解氮增量,追肥前后N DV I绝对增量与追肥前的N DV I的比值是估测小麦生育期内土壤碱解氮增量的最好指标,而追肥后的N DV I与土壤碱解氮增量之间没有显著的相关关系,不能用于土壤碱解氮增量的估测。
