A simple model is described to simulate kinetic processes in dielectric barrier dis-charges for O2/NOx mixtures. A threshold of ozone production found experimentally is confirmedby the calculations of this modeling, a...A simple model is described to simulate kinetic processes in dielectric barrier dis-charges for O2/NOx mixtures. A threshold of ozone production found experimentally is confirmedby the calculations of this modeling, and the underiying chemical reaction mechanisms are dis-cussed. It is also found that the effects of diffusion processes in the period of the lifetime of Oatoms are not important to microdischarge channels with a large radius, i.e. larger than l50 μm.展开更多
V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ...V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature (〈300 ?C) were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ?C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4+ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4+ and Pd2+ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.展开更多
Objective Scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus) stings are a public health concern in Iran, particularly in south and southwestern regions of Iran. The gold standard for the treatment of a scorpion sting is anti-venom th...Objective Scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus) stings are a public health concern in Iran, particularly in south and southwestern regions of Iran. The gold standard for the treatment of a scorpion sting is anti-venom therapy. However, immunotherapy can have serious side effects, such as anaphylactic shock (which can sometimes even lead to death). The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the protective effect of ozone against toxicity induced by Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) venom in mice. Methods Eight hours after the injection of ozone to the experimental design groups, the male mice were decapitated and mitochondria were isolated from five different tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, and spinal cord) using differential ultracentrifugation. Then, assessment of mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP level, and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was performed. Results Our results showed that H. lepturus venom-induced oxidative stress is related to ROS production and MMP collapse, which is correlated with cytochrome c release and ATP depletion, indicating the predisposition to the cell death signaling. Conclusion In general, ozone therapy in moderate dose can be considered as clinically effective for the treatment of H. lepturus sting as a protective and antioxidant agent.展开更多
Aluminum-oxide films deposited as gate dielectrics on germanium (Ge) by atomic layer deposition were post oxidized in an ozone atmosphere. No additional interfacial layer was electron microscopy and X-ray photoelect...Aluminum-oxide films deposited as gate dielectrics on germanium (Ge) by atomic layer deposition were post oxidized in an ozone atmosphere. No additional interfacial layer was electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected by the high-resolution cross-sectional transmission measurements made after the ozone post oxidation (OPO) treatment. Decreases in the equivalent oxide thickness of the OPO-treated Al2O3/Ge MOS capacitors were confirmed. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the gate leakage current was achieved with increasing OPO treatment time. The results can be attributed to the film quality having been improved by the OPO treatment.展开更多
Secondary pollutant ozone (O3) formation in a particular area is often influenced by various factors. Source of emissions is one of the factors. In south east Texas, Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) is a marginal non-...Secondary pollutant ozone (O3) formation in a particular area is often influenced by various factors. Source of emissions is one of the factors. In south east Texas, Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) is a marginal non-attainment area for ozone (O3). A summer episode of May 28 to July 2, 2006 is simulated using Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). During this period O3 concentration in HGB often exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 0.075 ppm of average 8 hour O3 concentration. HGB area has numerous point sources. Various studies found that some specific volatile organic compounds are very reactive in atmosphere. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of volatile organic compounds present in point source emissions on the air quality of HGB area. For this purpose ozone sensitivity for HGB area is analyzed by the ratio of hydrogen peroxides (H2O2) to nitric acid (HNO3). HGB area is found NOx limited but reactive VOCs are found to be influential too. From (1-4 June, 2006) maximum O3 concentration was found on weekend, June 3. VOCs such as Acetaldehyde (ALD2), Formaldehyde (FORM) and Alkane (ETHA) showed good correlation with O3 concentrations on that day. In addition, Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation was found correlated to higher ozone production. Criteria pollutant Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was found to influence the ALD2 and ETHA concentrations, and thus indirectly influenced O3 production.展开更多
Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) dissociation and oxidation in a cylindrical quartz reactor has been experimentally studied for various inlet NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and reacto...Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) dissociation and oxidation in a cylindrical quartz reactor has been experimentally studied for various inlet NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and reactor temperatures between 700 K and 1000 K. The thermal effects during both NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation (endothermic) and oxidation (exothermic) were observed using a bundle of thermocouples positioned along the central axis of the quartz reactor, while the corresponding NH<sub>3</sub> conversions and nitrogen oxides emissions were determined by analysing the gas composition of the reactor exit stream. A stronger endothermic effect, as indicated by a greater temperature drop during NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation, was observed as the NH<sub>3</sub> feed concentration and reactor temperature increased. During NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, a predominantly greater exothermic effect with increasing NH<sub>3</sub> feed concentration and reactor temperature was also evident;however, it was apparent that NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation occurred near the reactor inlet, preceding the downstream NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> oxidation. For both NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation and oxidation, NH<sub>3</sub> conversion increased with increasing temperature and decreasing initial NH<sub>3</sub> concentration. Significant levels of NO<sub>X</sub> emissions were observed during NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, which increased with increasing temperature. From the experimental results, it is speculated that the stainless-steel in the thermocouple bundle may have catalysed NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation and thus changed the reaction chemistry during NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation.展开更多
Composite supports CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA) and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3(CZALa) were prepared by co-precipitation method. Palladium catalysts were prepared by impregnation and their purification ability for CH4, CO and N...Composite supports CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA) and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3(CZALa) were prepared by co-precipitation method. Palladium catalysts were prepared by impregnation and their purification ability for CH4, CO and NOx in the mixture gas simulated the exhaust from natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operated under stoichiometric condition was investigated. The effect of La2O3 on the physicochemical properties of supports and catalysts was characterized by various techniques. The characterizations with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the doping of La2O3 restrained effectively the sintering of crystallite particles, maintained the crystallite particles in nanoscale and stabilized the crystal phase after calcination at 1000 ℃. The results of N2-adsorption, H2-temperatnre-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements indicated that La2O3 improved the textural properties, reducibility and OSC of composite supports. Activity testing results showed that the catalysts exhibit excellent activities for the simultaneous removal of methane, CO and NOx in the simulated exhaust gas. The catalysts supported on CZALa showed remarkable thermal stability and catalytic activity for the three pollutants, especially for NOx. The prepared palladium catalysts have high ability to remove NOx, CH4 and CO, and they can be used as excellent catalysts for the purification of exhaust from NGVs operated under stoichiometric condition. The catalysts reported in this work also have significant potential in industrial application because of their high performance and low cost.展开更多
NO oxidation is the key reaction for the oxidative NO x removal process.In this work,the catalytic NO oxidation performance of the Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts(M-Al2O3,M=V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and Ce)is evaluated.The ...NO oxidation is the key reaction for the oxidative NO x removal process.In this work,the catalytic NO oxidation performance of the Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts(M-Al2O3,M=V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and Ce)is evaluated.The oxidation product is absorbed by the alkaline solution for NO x removal.The NO oxidation activity increases in the following order:V<<Ce<Ni<Fe<Co<Mn.As the NO oxidation involves the O uptake into the metal oxide lattice and oxidation of the adsorbed NO by the lattice O,the highest activity of Mn is attributed to the appropriate redox potential of Mn,which favors both the O uptake and the NO oxidation steps.For all the M-Al2O3 catalysts,there is an intermediate temperature to achieve maximum NO conversion,which is lower for more efficient M-Al2O3 catalyst.The temperature dependence suggests that the NO oxidation at low temperature is kinetically controlled while it is thermodynamically limited at higher temperature.The NO x removal ratio by the alkaline solution absorption increases with the NO2/NO ratio,with a maximum removal ratio of 80%when the NO2/NO ratio is higher than 3,indicating that a very high NO conversion is unnecessary.展开更多
Abstract: Mn/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst for NO oxidation-storage and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst mixed with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 for NOx storage-reduction by hydrogen were investigated. The results showed that Mn/Ba/Al2O3 had large nitrogen ...Abstract: Mn/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst for NO oxidation-storage and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst mixed with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 for NOx storage-reduction by hydrogen were investigated. The results showed that Mn/Ba/Al2O3 had large nitrogen oxides storage capacity (397.9 μmolg^-1) under lean burn condition. When Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst was mixed with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 in equal weight proportion, the NOx conversion increased between 250 ℃ and 500 ℃ under the dynamic lean-rich burn conditions, and the maximum NOx conversion increased from 95.4% to 98.2%. Mn/Ba/Al2O3 has promoted NOx storing in the lean stage and improved NOx reduction efficiency in the rich stage, these might result in higher NOx conversion over the low Pt loading content catalyst.展开更多
Fertilizer-intensive agriculture is a leading source of reactive nitrogen(Nr)emissions that damage climate,air quality,and human health.Biochar has long been studied as a soil amendment,but its influence on Nr emissio...Fertilizer-intensive agriculture is a leading source of reactive nitrogen(Nr)emissions that damage climate,air quality,and human health.Biochar has long been studied as a soil amendment,but its influence on Nr emissions remains insufficiently characterized.More recently,the pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons has been suggested as a source of hydrogen fuel,resulting in a solid zero-valent carbon(ZVC)byproduct whose impact on soil emissions has yet to be tested.We incorporate carbon amendment algorithms into an agroecosystem model to simulate emission changes in the year following the application of biochar or ZVC to the US.fertilized soils.Our simulations predicted that the impacts of biochar amendments on Nr emissions would vary widely(−17%to+27%under 5 ton ha^(−1) applications,−38%to+18%under 20 ton ha^(−1) applications)and depend mostly on how nitrification is affected.Low-dose biochar application(5 ton ha^(−1))stimulated emissions of all three nitrogen species in 75%of simulated agricultural areas,while high-dose applications(20 ton ha^(−1))mitigated emissions in 76%of simulated areas.Applying zero-valent carbon at 20 ton ha^(−1) exhibited similar effects on nitrogen emissions as biochar applications at 5 ton ha^(−1).Biochar amendments are most likely to mitigate emissions if applied at high rates in acidic soils(pH<5.84)with low organic carbon(<55.9 kg C ha^(−1))and inorganic nitrogen(<101.5 kg N ha^(−1))content.Our simulations could inform where the application of carbon amendments would most likely mitigate Nr emissions and their associated adverse impacts.展开更多
文摘A simple model is described to simulate kinetic processes in dielectric barrier dis-charges for O2/NOx mixtures. A threshold of ozone production found experimentally is confirmedby the calculations of this modeling, and the underiying chemical reaction mechanisms are dis-cussed. It is also found that the effects of diffusion processes in the period of the lifetime of Oatoms are not important to microdischarge channels with a large radius, i.e. larger than l50 μm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21073131)the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(No. 2009011011-3)
文摘V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature (〈300 ?C) were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ?C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4+ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4+ and Pd2+ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.
基金supported by Molecular Biology Research Center,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences(NO.340-5-5771.Sin)
文摘Objective Scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus) stings are a public health concern in Iran, particularly in south and southwestern regions of Iran. The gold standard for the treatment of a scorpion sting is anti-venom therapy. However, immunotherapy can have serious side effects, such as anaphylactic shock (which can sometimes even lead to death). The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the protective effect of ozone against toxicity induced by Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) venom in mice. Methods Eight hours after the injection of ozone to the experimental design groups, the male mice were decapitated and mitochondria were isolated from five different tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, and spinal cord) using differential ultracentrifugation. Then, assessment of mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP level, and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was performed. Results Our results showed that H. lepturus venom-induced oxidative stress is related to ROS production and MMP collapse, which is correlated with cytochrome c release and ATP depletion, indicating the predisposition to the cell death signaling. Conclusion In general, ozone therapy in moderate dose can be considered as clinically effective for the treatment of H. lepturus sting as a protective and antioxidant agent.
基金supported by the National Program for Key Basic Research Projects (973 Program) of China (Grant No. 2011CBA00607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61106089 and 51102048)+2 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Projects (Grant No. 2009ZX02035)the State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Project (Grant No. 11MS017)the Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System at Fudan University (Grant No. 10KF001)
文摘Aluminum-oxide films deposited as gate dielectrics on germanium (Ge) by atomic layer deposition were post oxidized in an ozone atmosphere. No additional interfacial layer was electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected by the high-resolution cross-sectional transmission measurements made after the ozone post oxidation (OPO) treatment. Decreases in the equivalent oxide thickness of the OPO-treated Al2O3/Ge MOS capacitors were confirmed. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the gate leakage current was achieved with increasing OPO treatment time. The results can be attributed to the film quality having been improved by the OPO treatment.
文摘Secondary pollutant ozone (O3) formation in a particular area is often influenced by various factors. Source of emissions is one of the factors. In south east Texas, Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) is a marginal non-attainment area for ozone (O3). A summer episode of May 28 to July 2, 2006 is simulated using Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). During this period O3 concentration in HGB often exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 0.075 ppm of average 8 hour O3 concentration. HGB area has numerous point sources. Various studies found that some specific volatile organic compounds are very reactive in atmosphere. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of volatile organic compounds present in point source emissions on the air quality of HGB area. For this purpose ozone sensitivity for HGB area is analyzed by the ratio of hydrogen peroxides (H2O2) to nitric acid (HNO3). HGB area is found NOx limited but reactive VOCs are found to be influential too. From (1-4 June, 2006) maximum O3 concentration was found on weekend, June 3. VOCs such as Acetaldehyde (ALD2), Formaldehyde (FORM) and Alkane (ETHA) showed good correlation with O3 concentrations on that day. In addition, Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation was found correlated to higher ozone production. Criteria pollutant Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was found to influence the ALD2 and ETHA concentrations, and thus indirectly influenced O3 production.
文摘Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) dissociation and oxidation in a cylindrical quartz reactor has been experimentally studied for various inlet NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and reactor temperatures between 700 K and 1000 K. The thermal effects during both NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation (endothermic) and oxidation (exothermic) were observed using a bundle of thermocouples positioned along the central axis of the quartz reactor, while the corresponding NH<sub>3</sub> conversions and nitrogen oxides emissions were determined by analysing the gas composition of the reactor exit stream. A stronger endothermic effect, as indicated by a greater temperature drop during NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation, was observed as the NH<sub>3</sub> feed concentration and reactor temperature increased. During NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, a predominantly greater exothermic effect with increasing NH<sub>3</sub> feed concentration and reactor temperature was also evident;however, it was apparent that NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation occurred near the reactor inlet, preceding the downstream NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> oxidation. For both NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation and oxidation, NH<sub>3</sub> conversion increased with increasing temperature and decreasing initial NH<sub>3</sub> concentration. Significant levels of NO<sub>X</sub> emissions were observed during NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation, which increased with increasing temperature. From the experimental results, it is speculated that the stainless-steel in the thermocouple bundle may have catalysed NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation and thus changed the reaction chemistry during NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20773090, 20803049)the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA06Z347)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20070610026)
文摘Composite supports CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3(CZA) and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3(CZALa) were prepared by co-precipitation method. Palladium catalysts were prepared by impregnation and their purification ability for CH4, CO and NOx in the mixture gas simulated the exhaust from natural gas vehicles (NGVs) operated under stoichiometric condition was investigated. The effect of La2O3 on the physicochemical properties of supports and catalysts was characterized by various techniques. The characterizations with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the doping of La2O3 restrained effectively the sintering of crystallite particles, maintained the crystallite particles in nanoscale and stabilized the crystal phase after calcination at 1000 ℃. The results of N2-adsorption, H2-temperatnre-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements indicated that La2O3 improved the textural properties, reducibility and OSC of composite supports. Activity testing results showed that the catalysts exhibit excellent activities for the simultaneous removal of methane, CO and NOx in the simulated exhaust gas. The catalysts supported on CZALa showed remarkable thermal stability and catalytic activity for the three pollutants, especially for NOx. The prepared palladium catalysts have high ability to remove NOx, CH4 and CO, and they can be used as excellent catalysts for the purification of exhaust from NGVs operated under stoichiometric condition. The catalysts reported in this work also have significant potential in industrial application because of their high performance and low cost.
基金supported by the research funds from RIPP, SINOPEC
文摘NO oxidation is the key reaction for the oxidative NO x removal process.In this work,the catalytic NO oxidation performance of the Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts(M-Al2O3,M=V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and Ce)is evaluated.The oxidation product is absorbed by the alkaline solution for NO x removal.The NO oxidation activity increases in the following order:V<<Ce<Ni<Fe<Co<Mn.As the NO oxidation involves the O uptake into the metal oxide lattice and oxidation of the adsorbed NO by the lattice O,the highest activity of Mn is attributed to the appropriate redox potential of Mn,which favors both the O uptake and the NO oxidation steps.For all the M-Al2O3 catalysts,there is an intermediate temperature to achieve maximum NO conversion,which is lower for more efficient M-Al2O3 catalyst.The temperature dependence suggests that the NO oxidation at low temperature is kinetically controlled while it is thermodynamically limited at higher temperature.The NO x removal ratio by the alkaline solution absorption increases with the NO2/NO ratio,with a maximum removal ratio of 80%when the NO2/NO ratio is higher than 3,indicating that a very high NO conversion is unnecessary.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20476032)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 030951) are gratefully acknowledged for financial support for this project.
文摘Abstract: Mn/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst for NO oxidation-storage and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst mixed with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 for NOx storage-reduction by hydrogen were investigated. The results showed that Mn/Ba/Al2O3 had large nitrogen oxides storage capacity (397.9 μmolg^-1) under lean burn condition. When Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst was mixed with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 in equal weight proportion, the NOx conversion increased between 250 ℃ and 500 ℃ under the dynamic lean-rich burn conditions, and the maximum NOx conversion increased from 95.4% to 98.2%. Mn/Ba/Al2O3 has promoted NOx storing in the lean stage and improved NOx reduction efficiency in the rich stage, these might result in higher NOx conversion over the low Pt loading content catalyst.
基金The Carbon Hub at Rice University provided funding for this study.
文摘Fertilizer-intensive agriculture is a leading source of reactive nitrogen(Nr)emissions that damage climate,air quality,and human health.Biochar has long been studied as a soil amendment,but its influence on Nr emissions remains insufficiently characterized.More recently,the pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons has been suggested as a source of hydrogen fuel,resulting in a solid zero-valent carbon(ZVC)byproduct whose impact on soil emissions has yet to be tested.We incorporate carbon amendment algorithms into an agroecosystem model to simulate emission changes in the year following the application of biochar or ZVC to the US.fertilized soils.Our simulations predicted that the impacts of biochar amendments on Nr emissions would vary widely(−17%to+27%under 5 ton ha^(−1) applications,−38%to+18%under 20 ton ha^(−1) applications)and depend mostly on how nitrification is affected.Low-dose biochar application(5 ton ha^(−1))stimulated emissions of all three nitrogen species in 75%of simulated agricultural areas,while high-dose applications(20 ton ha^(−1))mitigated emissions in 76%of simulated areas.Applying zero-valent carbon at 20 ton ha^(−1) exhibited similar effects on nitrogen emissions as biochar applications at 5 ton ha^(−1).Biochar amendments are most likely to mitigate emissions if applied at high rates in acidic soils(pH<5.84)with low organic carbon(<55.9 kg C ha^(−1))and inorganic nitrogen(<101.5 kg N ha^(−1))content.Our simulations could inform where the application of carbon amendments would most likely mitigate Nr emissions and their associated adverse impacts.