[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38,...[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38, 276 and 414 kg N/hm2, according to three fertilization approaches （approach 1： N fertilizer at 10% as base fertilizer, 30% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% N fertilizer applied to big ridging; approach 2： 30% N fertilizer as base fertilizer, 70% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing; approach 3： 100% N fertilizer as base fertilizer）. Some sugarcane in-dices, such as agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients, were measured to research the relationship of N fertilizer with sugarcane growth and soil nutrients. [Result] Sug-arcane yield was increasing upon N fertilizer and reached the peak with N fertilizer at 276 kg N/hm2. In addition, early application of N fertilizer would promote sugar-cane jointing, growth and increase sugarcane yield. Nitrogen and available K con-tents were increasing upon N fertilizer, but excessive N fertilizer also caused soil acidification. N fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying N fertilizer completely as base fertil-izer was likely to cause N loss and low use efficiency. [Conclusion] The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is to apply N fertilizer twice at 138-276 kg N/hm^2.展开更多
探讨了沙质土壤条件下不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响,为沙质土壤条件下油莎豆合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。以油莎豆品种“中油莎1号”为试验材料,采用大田试验,设不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1)、中氮(N2)、高氮(N...探讨了沙质土壤条件下不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响,为沙质土壤条件下油莎豆合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。以油莎豆品种“中油莎1号”为试验材料,采用大田试验,设不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1)、中氮(N2)、高氮(N3)4个施氮水平,分析不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响。结果表明,随生育期的推进油莎豆茎叶、根、块茎干物质累积量的变化趋势均呈上升趋势。在块茎形成期前油莎豆主要以地上部茎叶营养生长为主,块茎形成期后生长中心逐渐向地下部块茎转移,至收获期块茎干物质累积分配比例高达43.34%~51.00%。2年N2水平块茎干物质累积量及分配比例均高于其他水平,较其他施氮水平平均提高17.50%和4.00%。油莎豆对氮、钾需求量较大,磷较少。收获期油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积量表现为块茎>茎叶>根,块茎成为油莎豆氮磷钾最终的贮藏器官。N2水平下油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积吸收量在整个生育期内一直呈较高水平,特别是块茎在收获期的氮、磷、钾分配比例分别达到47.09%、65.82%和56.40%。N2水平下,油莎豆地上部生物量、地下部生物量、千粒重、块茎产量均高于其他水平,较其他施氮水平平均提高5.57%、7.40%、15.83%和18.12%。在沙质土壤栽培条件下,油莎豆氮施肥量以150 kg hm^(-2)较为适宜。展开更多
【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d ...【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d 50%];副区为氮肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:N2[PP 20%+FF 0 d 80%]、N3[PP 20%+FF 0 d 60%+FF 21 d 20%]和N4[PP 10%+FF 0 d 50%+FF 7 d 30%+FF 21 d 10%]。分析不同处理对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮钾积累与分配、产量及其构成因素和养分利用率的影响。【结果】K2N3处理下棉株和源、流、库器官拔秆期的干物质质量和氮、钾积累量以及干物质快速积累期的持续时间和平均积累速率均低于K2N4处理,但干物质以及氮钾向库器官的分配比例较K2N4处理高。K2N3处理可获得较高的籽棉产量和皮棉产量,较K1N2处理(产量最低)分别显著提高31.4%和31.9%,进一步增加施氮次数(K2N4处理)没有显著提高棉花产量。K2N3和K2N4处理的氮肥和钾肥偏生产力无显著差异,但二者均显著高于其他处理。主成分分析结果显示棉花产量的差异主要来源于铃数,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配有利于提高棉花产量。【结论】长江流域棉区麦后直播棉花,2次施钾配合3次施氮能促进棉株对氮钾的吸收,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配,增加铃数,提高棉花产量。展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(NYCYTXGXCXTD-02)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2011GXNSFB018040)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement(13-A-04-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38, 276 and 414 kg N/hm2, according to three fertilization approaches （approach 1： N fertilizer at 10% as base fertilizer, 30% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% N fertilizer applied to big ridging; approach 2： 30% N fertilizer as base fertilizer, 70% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing; approach 3： 100% N fertilizer as base fertilizer）. Some sugarcane in-dices, such as agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients, were measured to research the relationship of N fertilizer with sugarcane growth and soil nutrients. [Result] Sug-arcane yield was increasing upon N fertilizer and reached the peak with N fertilizer at 276 kg N/hm2. In addition, early application of N fertilizer would promote sugar-cane jointing, growth and increase sugarcane yield. Nitrogen and available K con-tents were increasing upon N fertilizer, but excessive N fertilizer also caused soil acidification. N fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying N fertilizer completely as base fertil-izer was likely to cause N loss and low use efficiency. [Conclusion] The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is to apply N fertilizer twice at 138-276 kg N/hm^2.
文摘探讨了沙质土壤条件下不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响,为沙质土壤条件下油莎豆合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。以油莎豆品种“中油莎1号”为试验材料,采用大田试验,设不施氮(N0)、低氮(N1)、中氮(N2)、高氮(N3)4个施氮水平,分析不同氮肥施用水平对油莎豆干物质及养分累积、分配和产量的影响。结果表明,随生育期的推进油莎豆茎叶、根、块茎干物质累积量的变化趋势均呈上升趋势。在块茎形成期前油莎豆主要以地上部茎叶营养生长为主,块茎形成期后生长中心逐渐向地下部块茎转移,至收获期块茎干物质累积分配比例高达43.34%~51.00%。2年N2水平块茎干物质累积量及分配比例均高于其他水平,较其他施氮水平平均提高17.50%和4.00%。油莎豆对氮、钾需求量较大,磷较少。收获期油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积量表现为块茎>茎叶>根,块茎成为油莎豆氮磷钾最终的贮藏器官。N2水平下油莎豆氮、磷、钾累积吸收量在整个生育期内一直呈较高水平,特别是块茎在收获期的氮、磷、钾分配比例分别达到47.09%、65.82%和56.40%。N2水平下,油莎豆地上部生物量、地下部生物量、千粒重、块茎产量均高于其他水平,较其他施氮水平平均提高5.57%、7.40%、15.83%和18.12%。在沙质土壤栽培条件下,油莎豆氮施肥量以150 kg hm^(-2)较为适宜。
文摘【目的】探究氮钾肥施用次数对棉花的影响,为进一步提高长江流域棉区夏直播棉花产量提供参考。【方法】于2021―2022年开展大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为钾肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:K1[播种前(PP)100%]和K2[PP 50%+见花(FF)0 d 50%];副区为氮肥(210 kg·hm^(-2))施用次数:N2[PP 20%+FF 0 d 80%]、N3[PP 20%+FF 0 d 60%+FF 21 d 20%]和N4[PP 10%+FF 0 d 50%+FF 7 d 30%+FF 21 d 10%]。分析不同处理对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮钾积累与分配、产量及其构成因素和养分利用率的影响。【结果】K2N3处理下棉株和源、流、库器官拔秆期的干物质质量和氮、钾积累量以及干物质快速积累期的持续时间和平均积累速率均低于K2N4处理,但干物质以及氮钾向库器官的分配比例较K2N4处理高。K2N3处理可获得较高的籽棉产量和皮棉产量,较K1N2处理(产量最低)分别显著提高31.4%和31.9%,进一步增加施氮次数(K2N4处理)没有显著提高棉花产量。K2N3和K2N4处理的氮肥和钾肥偏生产力无显著差异,但二者均显著高于其他处理。主成分分析结果显示棉花产量的差异主要来源于铃数,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配有利于提高棉花产量。【结论】长江流域棉区麦后直播棉花,2次施钾配合3次施氮能促进棉株对氮钾的吸收,促进干物质和氮钾养分向库器官分配,增加铃数,提高棉花产量。
