In this paper, Ti-C-N nanocomposite films are deposited under different nitrogen flow rates by pulsed bias arc ion plating using Ti and graphite targets in the Ar/N2 mixture gas. The surface morphologies, compositions...In this paper, Ti-C-N nanocomposite films are deposited under different nitrogen flow rates by pulsed bias arc ion plating using Ti and graphite targets in the Ar/N2 mixture gas. The surface morphologies, compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the Ti-C-N films are investigated systematically by field emission scanning electron mi- croscopy （FE-SEM）, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, grazing incident x-ray diffraction （GIXRD）, Raman spectra, and nano-indentation. The results show that the nanocrystalline Ti（C,N） phase precipitates in the film from GIXRD and XPS analysis, and Raman spectra prove the presence of diamond-like carbon, indicating the formation of nanocomposite film with microstructures comprising nanocrystalline Ti（C,N） phase embedded into a diamond-like matrix. The nitrogen flow rate has a significant effect on the composition, structure, and properties of the film. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus first increase and then decrease as nitrogen flow rate increases, reaching a maximum of 34.3 GPa and 383.2 GPa, at a nitrogen flow rate of 90 sccm, respectively.展开更多
In this paper,Me （Me=Cr,Zr） and N co-doped diamond like carbon （DLC-MeN） composite films were prepared on cemented carbide substrates by pulsed bias arc ion plating.The effect of nitrogen flow rates on the microst...In this paper,Me （Me=Cr,Zr） and N co-doped diamond like carbon （DLC-MeN） composite films were prepared on cemented carbide substrates by pulsed bias arc ion plating.The effect of nitrogen flow rates on the microstructure and properties of the films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）,Raman spectra,grazing incident X-ray diffraction （GIXRD）,high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and nano-indentation.Raman,GIXRD and HRTEM results show that the deposited films are nanocomposite films with MeN nanocrystalline phase embedded within DLC amorphous matrix,which are vital for the mechanical properties of the films.The nitrogen flow rate has significant effect on the compositions and structures and hence on the hardness and elastic modulus of the films,and increasing nitrogen flow rate decreases drastically the hardness and elastic modulus of the films.展开更多
In this paper three controllers for A/O process are developed, including a DO cascade controller, an external carbon flow rate controller and an internal recycling flow rate controller. The objective of the different ...In this paper three controllers for A/O process are developed, including a DO cascade controller, an external carbon flow rate controller and an internal recycling flow rate controller. The objective of the different controllers is to control the nitrate and ammonia concentration. Simulation study demonstrated that these controllers could efficiently control nitrogen removal and meet stricter effluent quality standards at a minimum cost.展开更多
为了探究微电流电解技术去除养殖水体中氨氮的效果,试验以盐度为30‰(质量分数)人造海水为对象,设置了循环水温度、流速和电流密度3个参数以及对应参数的3个水平,探究其对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在试验设置的温度(18、25、32℃...为了探究微电流电解技术去除养殖水体中氨氮的效果,试验以盐度为30‰(质量分数)人造海水为对象,设置了循环水温度、流速和电流密度3个参数以及对应参数的3个水平,探究其对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在试验设置的温度(18、25、32℃)和流速(100、300、500 m L/min)条件下,循环水温度和流速的变化对氨氮去除率影响并不明显。试验设置的电流密度(20、40、60 A/m2)条件下,对氨氮去除率有明显作用,且电流密度越大,单位时间内氨氮去除速率越快。正交试验确定了最优去除条件为电流密度、水温和流速分别为40 A/m2、32℃、500 m L/min。通过能耗分析可知,在设定的参数范围内,不同温度条件下最低能耗条件为电流密度40 A/m2、流速300 m L/min,最低的能耗为21.26 Wh/kg。研究结果可以为微电流电解在海水循环水养殖中氨氮降解提供参考。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51271047)
文摘In this paper, Ti-C-N nanocomposite films are deposited under different nitrogen flow rates by pulsed bias arc ion plating using Ti and graphite targets in the Ar/N2 mixture gas. The surface morphologies, compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the Ti-C-N films are investigated systematically by field emission scanning electron mi- croscopy （FE-SEM）, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, grazing incident x-ray diffraction （GIXRD）, Raman spectra, and nano-indentation. The results show that the nanocrystalline Ti（C,N） phase precipitates in the film from GIXRD and XPS analysis, and Raman spectra prove the presence of diamond-like carbon, indicating the formation of nanocomposite film with microstructures comprising nanocrystalline Ti（C,N） phase embedded into a diamond-like matrix. The nitrogen flow rate has a significant effect on the composition, structure, and properties of the film. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus first increase and then decrease as nitrogen flow rate increases, reaching a maximum of 34.3 GPa and 383.2 GPa, at a nitrogen flow rate of 90 sccm, respectively.
基金supported by the National High Technical Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA03Z521)
文摘In this paper,Me （Me=Cr,Zr） and N co-doped diamond like carbon （DLC-MeN） composite films were prepared on cemented carbide substrates by pulsed bias arc ion plating.The effect of nitrogen flow rates on the microstructure and properties of the films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）,Raman spectra,grazing incident X-ray diffraction （GIXRD）,high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and nano-indentation.Raman,GIXRD and HRTEM results show that the deposited films are nanocomposite films with MeN nanocrystalline phase embedded within DLC amorphous matrix,which are vital for the mechanical properties of the films.The nitrogen flow rate has significant effect on the compositions and structures and hence on the hardness and elastic modulus of the films,and increasing nitrogen flow rate decreases drastically the hardness and elastic modulus of the films.
基金This work was supported by"863"Program of China (2004AA601020),The Project of Beijing Science and technology Committee(H020620010120) and the project of Beijing city key laboratory
文摘In this paper three controllers for A/O process are developed, including a DO cascade controller, an external carbon flow rate controller and an internal recycling flow rate controller. The objective of the different controllers is to control the nitrate and ammonia concentration. Simulation study demonstrated that these controllers could efficiently control nitrogen removal and meet stricter effluent quality standards at a minimum cost.
文摘为了探究微电流电解技术去除养殖水体中氨氮的效果,试验以盐度为30‰(质量分数)人造海水为对象,设置了循环水温度、流速和电流密度3个参数以及对应参数的3个水平,探究其对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在试验设置的温度(18、25、32℃)和流速(100、300、500 m L/min)条件下,循环水温度和流速的变化对氨氮去除率影响并不明显。试验设置的电流密度(20、40、60 A/m2)条件下,对氨氮去除率有明显作用,且电流密度越大,单位时间内氨氮去除速率越快。正交试验确定了最优去除条件为电流密度、水温和流速分别为40 A/m2、32℃、500 m L/min。通过能耗分析可知,在设定的参数范围内,不同温度条件下最低能耗条件为电流密度40 A/m2、流速300 m L/min,最低的能耗为21.26 Wh/kg。研究结果可以为微电流电解在海水循环水养殖中氨氮降解提供参考。
