Responses of soil stoichiometry and soil enzyme activities in the different distance around opencast coal mine of the Hulun Buir Grassland of China

The objectives of this study were to explore the changes in soil stoichiometry and enzyme activities at different distances from an opencast coal mine in the Hulun Buir Grassland of China. Four transects were established on north and east sides of the opencast coal mining area, and samples were collected at 50 m, 550 m, and 1550 m from the pit on each transect. Control samples were collected from a grassland station 8 km from the opencast coal mining area that was not disturbed by mining. Four replicate soil samples were collected at each point on the four transects. Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were determined, and correlations between soil properties and stoichiometric ratios and enzyme activities were explored using redundancy analysis. The increase in distance from mining did not significantly affect soil properties, although soil urease activity was significantly lower than that of the control area. Soil properties 1550 m from the mine pit were similar to those at the grassland control. In addition, soil total nitrogen had the greatest effect on soil stoichiometry, and soil total potassium had the greatest effect on soil enzyme activities. Coal dust from opencast mining might be the main factor affecting soil stoichiometry and enzyme activities. The results of this study provide direction for the next step in studying the influence of mining areas on soil properties and processes.

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects forest plant and soil system carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometric flexibility:A meta-analysis

Background:Nitrogen(N)deposition affects forest stoichiometric flexibility through changing soil nutrient availability to influence plant uptake.However,the effect of N deposition on the flexibility of carbon(C),N,and phosphorus(P)in forest plant-soil-microbe systems remains unclear.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis based on 751 pairs of observations to evaluate the responses of plant,soil and microbial biomass C,N and P nutrients and stoichiometry to N addition in different N intensity(050,50–100,>100 kg·ha^(-1)·year^(-1)of N),duration(0–5,>5 year),method(understory,canopy),and matter(ammonium N,nitrate N,organic N,mixed N).Results:N addition significantly increased plant N:P(leaf:14.98%,root:13.29%),plant C:P(leaf:6.8%,root:25.44%),soil N:P(13.94%),soil C:P(10.86%),microbial biomass N:P(23.58%),microbial biomass C:P(12.62%),but reduced plant C:N(leaf:6.49%,root:9.02%).Furthermore,plant C:N:P stoichiometry changed significantly under short-term N inputs,while soil and microorganisms changed drastically under high N addition.Canopy N addition primarily affected plant C:N:P stoichiometry through altering plant N content,while understory N inputs altered more by influencing soil C and P content.Organic N significantly influenced plant and soil C:N and C:P,while ammonia N changed plant N:P.Plant C:P and soil C:N were strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation(MAT),and the C:N:P stoichiometric flexibility in soil and plant under N addition connected with soil depth.Besides,N addition decoupled the correlations between soil microorganisms and the plant.Conclusions:N addition significantly increased the C:P and N:P in soil,plant,and microbial biomass,reducing plant C:N,and aggravated forest P limitations.Significantly,these impacts were contingent on climate types,soil layers,and N input forms.The findings enhance our comprehension of the plant-soil system nutrient cycling mechanisms in forest ecosystems and plant strategy responses to N deposition.

Seasonal Variability of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Relation to Different Nitrogen-Phosphorus Ratios in the Southern Coastal Waters of Zhejiang, China

With the rapid development of economy and increase of population in the drainage areas, the nutrient loading has increased dramatically in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent coastal waters. To properly assess the impact of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton community, seasonal microcosm experiments were conducted during August 2010-July 2011 in the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province. The results of the present study indicated that the chl a concentration, cell abundance, diversity indices, species composition and community succession of the phytoplankton varied significantly with different N/P ratios and seasons. Higher growth was observed in the 64：1 （spring）, 32：1 （summer）, 16：1 （autumn） and 128：1,256：1 （winter） treatments, respectively. The values of Shannon-Wiener index （H） and Pielou evenness index （J） were lower in the 8：1 and 16：1 treatments in autumn test, while H value was higher in the 128：1 and 8：1 treatments in winter test. A definite community succession order from diatoms to dinoflagel lares was observed in the autumn and winter tests, while the diatoms dominated the community throughout the culture in the spring and summer tests.

Ecological stoichiometric comparison of plant-litter-soil system in mixed-species and monoculture plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia,Amygdalus davidiana,and Armeniaca sibirica in the Loess Hilly Region of China

We examined how afforestation patterns impact carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system.Plant leaf,branch,stem,and root,litter,and soil samples were collected from mixedspecies plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia with Amygdalus davidiana(RPAD),R.pseudoacacia with Armeniaca sibirica(RPAS),and monocultures of R.pseudoacacia(RP),A.davidiana(AD),and A.sibirica(AS)in the Loess Hilly Region.The results showed that in mixed-species plantations,R.pseudoacacia had lower leaf N and P concentrations than in monocultures,while both A.davidiana and A.sibirica had higher leaf N and P concentrations.Soil P limited tree growth in both afforestation models.Mixing R.pseudoacacia with A.davidiana or A.sibirica reduced N-limitation during litter decomposition.Average soil total N and P concentrations were higher in RPAS than in RPAD,and both were higher than the corresponding monocultures.The average soil C:N ratio was the smallest in RPAS,while the average soil C:P ratio was larger in RPAS than in RP.A positive correlation between N and P concentrations,and between C:N and C:P ratios,was found in litter and all plant organs of mono-and mixedstands.Alternatively,for N concentration and C:N ratio,the correlations between plant(i.e.,leaf,branch,root)and litter and between plant and soil were inverse between plantation types.RPAD has an increased litter decomposition rate to release N and P,while RPAS has a faster rate of soil N mineralization.RPAD was the best plantation(mixed)to improve biogeochemical cycling,as soil nutrient restrictions,particularly for P-limitation,on trees growth were alleviated.This study thus provides insights into suitable tree selection and management by revealing C:N:P stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system under different afforestation patterns.

Response of Soybean and Lentil to a Seed-Row Placed Starter Nitrogen-Phosphorus Fertilizer Blend in a Brown Chernozem in South-Central Saskatchewan

Soybean and lentil are important legume crops in southern Saskatchewan (SK) that can supply the majority of their nitrogen (N) requirement through biological N fixation (BNF). However, the onset of BNF can be slow in cold;dry prairie soils and a small amount of seed-row placed fertilizer containing both N and phosphorus (P) may benefit the crop. Nevertheless, high rates of fertilizer in close proximity to the seed can also cause injury. This study was conducted to determine the response of lentil and soybean to a starter N-P fertilizer blend applied in the seed-row. A farm field located at the boundary of the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones in south-central Saskatchewan was selected to evaluate the effect of seed-row placed N-P fertilizer blend: 50% Urea + 50% mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) applied at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N and P2O5 ha-1 on emergence, yield, and nutrient uptake. The proportion of nitrogen derived from fixation (ndff) was determined in the soybean using N-15 dilution technique. The rate of 10 kg N and P2O5 ha-1 was found to be the rate that did not significantly reduce emergence, stand count or proportion of N derived from fixation, and was sufficient to maximize yield, N and P uptake for both soybean and lentil under field conditions. Rates higher than 10 kg N ha-1 in the seed row as starter 28-26-0 blend reduced emergence and decreased the proportion of ndff.

Leaf C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the Loess Plateau

Homeostasis is the adaptability of a species to a changing environment.However,the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of Robinia pseudoacacia L.in diff erent climatic regions is poorly understood but could provide insights into its adaptability in the loess hilly region.This study sampled 20 year-old R.pseudoacacia plantations at 10 sites along a north–south transect on the Loess Plateau.Variations in the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaf and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus were analysed and homeostatic characteristics of leaf ecological stoichiometric parameters in diff erent climates were identifi ed.Factors aff ecting leaf stoichiometry were assessed.The results show that R.pseudoacacia leaves were rich in nitrogen and defi cient in phosphorous during tree growth and development.Nitrogen and phosphorous levels in the soils of the loess region were lower than the average in soils in the rest of China.All ecological stoichiometric parameters of R.pseudoacacia leaves in two diff erent climates were considered“strictly homeostasis”.Precipitation,available phosphorus,and soil C:P were the main factors aff ecting the variation of C:N:P stoichiometry of R.pseudoacacia leaves.R.pseudoacacia in the loess hilly region has strong ecologically homeostatic characteristics and suggests that it is well-adapted to the area.

Response of plant,litter,and soil C:N:P stoichiometry to growth stages in Quercus secondary forests on the Loess Plateau,China

Ecological stoichiometry is an important indicator of biogeochemical cycles and nutrient limitations in terrestrial ecosystems.However,little is known about the response of ecological stoichiometry to plant growth.In this study,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)concentrations were evaluated in plant tissues(trees,shrubs,and herbs),litter,and soil of young(≤40-year-old),middle-aged(41–60-year-old),near-mature(61–80-year-old),and mature(81–120-year-old)Quercus secondary forests on the Loess Plateau,China.Vegetation composition,plant biomass,and C stock were determined to illustrate their interaction with stoichiometry.Only tree biomass C signifi cantly increased with stand development.Leaf N and trunk P concentrationsgenerally increased,but branch P decreased with growth stage.Fine roots had the highest C and P concentrations at the middle-aged stage.In contrast,shrubs,herbs,litter,and soil C:N:P stoichiometry did not change signifi cantly during stand development.Leaf N and P were positively correlated with soil C,N,P,and their ratios.However,there was no signifi cant correlation between litter and leaves in terms of C:N:P stoichiometry.A redundancy analysis showed that soil N best explained leaf N and P variance,and tree biomass and C stock were related to biotic factors such as tree age and shrub biomass.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that,compared with soil or litter variables,stand age only accounted for a relatively small proportion of leaf C,N,and P variation.Thus,secondary Quercus ecosystems might have inherent ability to maintain sensitive responses of metabolically active organs to environmental factors during stand aging.The results of this work help to elucidate the biogeochemical cycling of secondary forest ecosystems in tree development,provide novel insights into the adaptation strategies of plants in diff erent organs and growth stages,and could be used to guide fertilization programs and optimize forest structure.

天然沙冬青器官生态化学计量特征对异质生境的响应

以我国重点保护的珍稀濒危植物且是西北荒漠地区唯一常绿阔叶灌木沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为研究对象,分析异质性荒漠生境(固定沙地、半固定沙地、石质沙地、洪积砾石坡地和盐碱滩地)对沙冬青叶、茎、根、花和种子生态化学计量学特征的影响,了解其生长的适应机制和生存策略。结果表明:沙冬青各器官碳(C)含量表现为叶>茎>根>种子>花,而氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)营养元素含量均表现为种子>花>叶>根>茎,N、P、K三大营养元素在繁殖器官中的富集,可以促进沙冬青由营养生长向生殖生长的转变,反映了资源分配模式和植物生长策略。沙冬青各器官的碳氮磷钾含量和各元素化学计量比在不同生境条件下变化较复杂,其中在沙质土壤(固定和半固定沙地)具有更高的C、N、P储存能力,而K在砾质土壤(石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地)含量较高,且砾质荒漠沙冬青的C∶N、C∶P及N∶P均显著高于沙质土壤,表明沙冬青在石质沙地和洪积砾石坡地有更高的养分利用效率。各器官元素含量相关分析表明器官间的养分协同性远高于器官内部。化学计量比C∶N、C∶P、C∶K均表现为:茎>根>叶>花>种子,N∶P为根>叶>茎>花>种子,N∶K为茎>根>叶>种子>花,K∶P为叶>根>种子>茎>花,各器官中的C∶N和N∶P比在各生境间相对较稳定,而K∶P比变化巨大,N∶P与P含量呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),与N含量的相关性不显著(P>0.05),说明P作为敏感性元素决定了沙冬青体内N∶P比值的变化,且不同生境叶片N∶P比值均大于16,说明沙冬青生长主要受P限制。器官与生境对沙冬青化学计量特征都有影响,生境对C含量和N∶K、K∶P的影响较大,器官对N、P、K含量及C∶N、C∶P、C∶K、N∶P的影响较大。除P元素外,各元素含量及其化学计量比均受器官和生境交互作用影响。了解植物根-茎-叶-花-种子的整体资源权衡和协变策略,为沙冬青物种资源的保护和开发提供理论依据。

毛竹扩张对幕阜山区森林土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征的影响

以幕阜山区同一片毛竹林向两侧杉木林和阔叶林扩张形成的连续生态界面为研究对象,分析不同林型土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(−)−N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)−N)含量及其生态化学计量比,探讨毛竹不同扩张模式对森林土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的影响。结果表明:在2种扩张模式下,随土壤层次的增加,除NO_(3)^(−)−N呈不规律变化外,SOC、TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)−N含量均呈逐渐降低趋势。在毛竹向杉木林扩张过程中,杉木林、竹杉混交林、毛竹林同一土层SOC、TN、TP含量均无显著差异;在毛竹向阔叶林扩张过程中,毛竹林0~10 cm土层SOC和TN含量较阔叶林和竹阔混交林分别降低了27.71%、30.45%和36.67%、31.11%,而在10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层则无显著差异;毛竹扩张对杉木林和阔叶林各土层TP含量无显著影响;毛竹向杉木林扩张增加了0~10 cm和20~30 cm土层NH_(4)^(+)−N含量,毛竹向阔叶林扩张增加了10~20 cm土层NH_(4)^(+)−N含量及20~30 cm土层NO_(3)^(−)−N含量;毛竹向杉木林扩张对土壤C/N、C/P、N/P无显著影响,毛竹向阔叶林扩张导致0~10 cm土层N/P明显降低、10~20 cm土层C/N显著增加。综上,毛竹向杉木林扩张对土壤SOC、TN、TP影响不显著,但提升了表层和深层土壤NH_(4)^(+)−N含量,毛竹向阔叶林扩张造成表层土壤SOC、TN含量显著降低,并导致中层土壤NH_(4)^(+)−N含量和深层土壤NO_(3)^(−)−N含量明显增加。

东洞庭湖洪水前后典型湿地植物化学计量特征动态变化

洪水对湿地土壤-植被系统养分循环有重要影响。本研究以东洞庭湖湿地典型植物短尖苔草(Carex brevicuspis)和南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)为研究对象,于2018年洪水期前后(5月、10月)测定短尖苔草和南荻生长特征、生态化学计量特征及土壤理化性质,并对化学计量学特征与环境特征的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:南荻植株的生物量和密度洪水前显著高于洪水后,短尖苔草生物量和密度洪水前后都没有显著差异;短尖苔草、南荻叶片有机碳(SOC)洪水后显著高于洪水前;短尖苔草叶片全氮(TN)洪水前显著低于洪水后;南荻叶片TN、全磷(TP)洪水前显著高于洪水后;短尖苔草叶片TP洪水前后没有显著差异。短尖苔草叶片C∶N、C∶P、N∶P洪水前后均无显著差异,南荻叶片C∶N、C∶P洪水前显著低于洪水后,但N∶P洪水前后无显著差异。东洞庭湖短尖苔草、南荻叶片N∶P<14,东洞庭湖短尖苔草、南荻生长更多的受N限制,洪水前后都与土壤N、P含量无显著相关性。本研究结果对阐明洪水对湿地植物化学计量特征的影响有重要意义。

干旱胁迫下油菜素内酯对植物-土壤化学计量特征及内稳性的影响

为探究施用油菜素内酯(Brassinosteroid,BR)对不同干旱条件下植物与土壤的生态化学计量特征及其相互关系,本研究以黄花决明(Cassia glauca Lam.)为研究对象,采用盆栽控水法,设置正常水分、中度胁迫、重度胁迫处理(田间持水量的75%±5%,55%±5%,35%±5%)及4种BR浓度处理(0,0.05,0.2和0.5 mg·L^(-1)),在干旱90天后测定株高、生物量和植物、土壤的养分含量及化学计量特征。研究发现:干旱胁迫导致株高、地上和地下生物量降低;随着施用BR浓度的增加,株高、生物量表现为先上升后下降;0.2 mg·L^(-1)BR有利于植物养分含量提升,地上部提升效果更好;干旱区生态修复中黄花决明的生长对N元素的供应需求较大;施用BR有助于提高黄花决明株高和生物量,调节养分分配策略,缓解干旱对植物的不利影响。本研究可为干旱地区的生态修复和植被重建提供新思路与新方法。

不同入侵程度两种菊科植物化学计量特征及其影响因素

资源分配与养分策略是外来植物入侵性的重要体现。为探究入侵植物的资源分配格局、吸收利用策略以及与入侵性的关系,该研究以2种菊科入侵植物假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)和金腰箭(Synedrella nodiflora)为研究对象,测定了不同入侵程度的植物构件生物量以及各器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量,分析了植物各器官N、P分配格局和化学计量特征及其与土壤营养元素的关系。结果表明:(1)随假臭草入侵程度的加重,土壤速效氮(AN)含量显著降低;随金腰箭入侵程度的加重,土壤N、P、AN含量显著降低;假臭草入侵生境土壤N含量(0.696~2.701 g·kg^(-1))显著大于金腰箭入侵生境(0.189~0.337 g·kg^(-1)),土壤C、P、AN、速效磷(AP)含量小于金腰箭入侵生境。(2)3种入侵程度的假臭草和金腰箭N分配为叶>茎>根;P较多地分配至茎(假臭草)、茎和叶(金腰箭);轻度入侵的假臭草(根、茎)和金腰箭(叶)较重度入侵有低的C∶P值和N∶P值,2种植物入侵初期有较快的相对生长速率;2种植物N∶P值均为叶>根、茎,其根和茎具有较快的生长能力。(3)3种入侵程度的假臭草根、茎N∶P值,根、茎C∶P值均小于金腰箭,金腰箭叶N∶P值、C∶P值均显著小于假臭草,即假臭草根、茎具有较快的相对生长速率并增大入侵性,金腰箭则整体具有更快的相对生长速率,其入侵潜力更强。(4)假臭草和金腰箭各器官N、P分配及相对生长速率分别受土壤AN、AP含量和土壤N、P含量的影响,其相对生长速率分别随土壤AN、AP、N、P含量的增加而增大。该研究结果对深入了解外来植物对资源分配和利用策略以及入侵潜力的预测具有指导意义。

不同生态修复技术下退化高寒沼泽湿地土壤及植被化学计量特征

本研究利用不同生态修复技术对玉树隆宝退化高寒沼泽湿地进行修复,分析了喷灌(I)、禁牧(II)、春季禁牧(III)、喷灌+禁牧(IV)和喷灌+春季禁牧(V)对退化高寒沼泽湿地土壤及植被碳(Carbon,C)、氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Phosphorus,P)化学计量学的影响。结果显示:与对照(VI)相比,I,IV和V均能显著增加0~30 cm土壤含水量(P<0.05);I能显著增加0~30 cm土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)含量、C∶N和C∶P;IV对提高0~30 cm SOC含量和C∶N具有显著作用(P<0.05),III显著提高了0~30 cm土壤C∶N(P<0.05)。与VI相比,I能显著提高莎草科植物N含量(P<0.05);莎草科植物P含量与土壤N∶P极显著负相关(P<0.001),与土壤N含量显著正相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,喷灌处理对增加土壤含水量、增加SOC积累,以及促进植物对N的利用有积极作用,且土壤N和P可通过协同作用,共同影响植物对N和P的吸收。

不同海拔大叶种有机茶土壤与叶片碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

本试验对普洱市祖祥高山有机茶园有限公司的不同海拔梯度有机茶根际土壤和叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量比进行了研究,探究了海拔高度对大叶种有机茶树根际土和叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征的影响,分析了该试验地大叶种茶树生长的限制性因素,为大叶种有机茶园的合理养分管理提供数据支持。结果表明,不同海拔大叶种有机茶叶片的全碳、全氮、全磷含量及叶片C:N、C:P、N:P随海拔的升高有着不同的变化趋势:海拔越高,叶片的C:N和C:P越低,根据对植物营养元素的限制因素叶片N:P的分析可知,有机茶叶片的N:P在四个海拔梯度上都低于14,叶片全碳、全氮、全磷含量及叶片C:N、N:P在不同海拔间无显著差异,但叶片C:P在海拔间差异显著。不同海拔大叶种有机茶根际土壤全碳、全氮、全磷含量及土壤C:N、C:P、N:P随着海拔的升高有不同的变化趋势,海拔越高,土壤的全碳、全氮、全磷含量越高,在不同海拔间差异显著,土壤C:N、C:P、N:P在不同海拔间差异不显著。叶片的C:N、C:P、N:P与土壤的C:N、C:P、N:P多呈显著正相关关系。总之,大叶种有机茶的生长受氮的限制,所以在有机茶园经营管理过程中,要注意养分投入的平衡。

木麻黄细根形态和化学计量特征对P添加的塑性响应

探究不同发育阶段木麻黄防护林细根形态和化学计量特征对磷(P)添加的塑性响应规律,为滨海沙地土壤低磷限制下进行木麻黄不同发育阶段有针对性的施肥抚育提供科学依据。以福建省平潭岛木麻黄幼龄林(5 a)、中龄林(12 a)和成熟林(25 a)为研究对象,以内生长土芯法开展P添加试验,细根在内生长芯生长一年后,采用功能划分法对细根形态性状和化学计量特征进行测定。结果表明:(1)P添加显著提高木麻黄细根根长和根表面积,其中,总根长和总表面积总体提高7.79倍、8.69倍,比根长和比表面积总体提升15.1%、19.5%;(2)不同根系功能类群间,细根形态对P添加的塑性响应具有较显著差异,形态塑性以吸收根为主,且吸收根对P养分资源的响应更为敏感,P添加使吸收根P含量总体提高56.0%,C/P和N/P总体降低18.7%和38.7%,组织密度总体降低31.4%;(3)对于土壤P养分资源的变化,不同林龄木麻黄采取不同的塑性响应策略,P添加后,幼龄林主要通过吸收根化学计量特征变异,改变自身生理性状获取P元素,中龄林细根形态和化学计量特征无显著变异,成熟林主要通过改变吸收根形态,扩大根系吸收面积获取P元素。外源P添加可以协调木麻黄细根形态与化学计量特征的内部关系,而不同林龄木麻黄细根在获取P资源时会选择性投资。故在木麻黄施肥抚育时,应根据不同林龄采取针对性的抚育方案。

云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区珙桐林生态化学计量特征

【目的】探究国家Ⅰ级珍稀濒危植物珙桐生态化学计量特征,揭示珙桐林生态系统养分元素状况和生长限制因子。【方法】在云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区不同海拔段设置4个样地,编号分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,利用单因素方差分析及多重比较等方法研究珙桐林叶片-凋落物-土壤3种组分C、N、P含量及其比值的差异性、相关性,用冗余分析方法探究土壤化学计量特征的响应因子。【结果】珙桐叶片C、N、P平均含量分别为520.97、22.73、1.43 g/kg,凋落物C、N、P平均含量分别为459.87、10.96、1.35 g/kg,土壤C、N、P平均含量分别为74.81、7.94、0.79 g/kg,叶片、凋落物、土壤C、N、P平均含量表现为叶片>凋落物>土壤。不同样地同一组分间土壤C、N、P含量差异显著,表现为Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ(Ⅰ:58.47±1.88、5.73±0.41、0.06±0.02 g/kg;Ⅱ:64.45±2.29、6.82±0.19、0.61±0.08 g/kg;Ⅲ:75.94±1.32、7.88±0.16、1.11±0.06 g/kg;Ⅳ:100.39±1.24、11.32±0.25、1.36±0.10 g/kg),叶片、凋落物差异不显著;同一样地不同组分间C含量差异显著,表现为叶片>凋落物>土壤,N、P含量差异不显著;不同样地同一组分、同一样地不同组分间C∶N、C∶P、N∶P存在显著差异。叶片、凋落物、土壤C、N、P含量及比值间相关性显著;海拔、非毛管孔隙度和坡度、毛管孔隙度、粉砂粒含量是影响土壤养分含量的关键环境因子。【结论】云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区珙桐林不同海拔样地间土壤C、N、P含量及其比值存在显著差异,叶片、凋落物差异不明显,根据生态化学计量特征表明样地Ⅳ珙桐生长受P元素限制,海拔、非毛管孔隙度、坡度、毛管孔隙度、粉砂粒含量是影响珙桐林土壤养分循环的关键环境因子。

滇中高原湖泊湖滨带土壤生态化学计量特征及影响因素研究

湖滨带是地球化学元素循环高度活跃且极易受环境变化与人类活动影响的敏感地带。文章通过对滇中湖泊杞麓湖湖滨带土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量的分析,结合冗余分析和结构方程模型等,研究了土壤生态化学计量的时空变化特征及其与土壤理化性质间的耦合关系。结果表明,杞麓湖湖滨带土壤总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)平均含量分别为31.97、1.79、1.01 g/kg。雨季土壤TOC、TN含量低于旱季,在湖滨带结构上均呈现水向带>消落带>陆向带的特征,且随土壤深度的增加而降低,TP时空差异不显著。土壤C∶N、C∶P和N∶P平均值分别为23.08、41.38、2.10,表明湖滨带土壤有机质的分解速率较慢,释放有效磷的潜力大,植物生长易受到氮的限制,而磷的高含量将影响杞麓湖流域生态环境保护。土壤容重、含水率和黏土含量通过改变其C、N、P含量,进而影响土壤生态化学计量比。

基于蜣螂优化-集成加权融合的NO_(x)浓度动态预测

针对SCR入口NO_(x)浓度单一预测模型无法满足在不同工况下保持预测精度的问题,提出了一种基于蜣螂优化(dung beetle optimizer,DBO)集成模型加权融合的预测SCR入口NO_(x)浓度的动态模型。首先使用CatBoost与LightGBM的混合模型在筛选辅助变量的同时,求取辅助变量的迟延时间和阶次信息,并根据以上信息确定预测模型的输入变量;然后建立由LightGBM,XGBoost与CatBoost组成的集成模型,并使用蜣螂优化算法对预测结果进行加权融合;最后将DBO-集成加权融合动态预测模型与3种单模型和蜣螂算法优化2种模型加权融合的预测模型进行对比。结果证明DBO综合加权融合动态预测模型的评价指标优于其他模型,具有更高的预测精度、实时性和适应性,能够更好地满足不同工况下的NO_(x)浓度预测要求。

晋西黄土区典型植被恢复生态系统各层次化学计量与生态因子的关系

【目的】植被恢复是改善黄土高原水土流失和生态环境的重要手段。评估植被恢复对生态系统养分循环和生态服务功能的影响需进一步明晰林地植被与土壤的化学元素计量和分布特征,这对合理开展植被恢复类型筛选具有重要意义。【方法】选取晋西黄土区4种典型植被恢复类型(油松Pinus tabuliformis人工林、刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia人工林、侧柏Platycladus orientalis人工林、辽东栎Quercus mongolica天然林),分别测定乔木层的树枝、树叶、树干、树皮、树根和灌木层、草本层的地上、地下部分以及0~100 cm土壤各层的碳、氮、磷质量分数,结合单因素方差分析法、最小显著差法、冗余分析法等分析植被恢复类型对生态系统养分循环和生态化学计量的影响。【结果】(1)相比其他植被恢复类型,辽东栎天然林样地的灌木层和草本层生物量最高,其地上部分生物量分别为(8.62±0.78)、(5.91±0.18)t·hm^(-2),地下部分生物量分别为(3.65±0.36)、(3.54±0.25)t·hm^(-2)。(2)辽东栎天然林草本层碳质量分数最高,为(552.90±19.33)g·kg^(-1),氮质量分数最低,为(10.36±0.30)g·kg^(-1)。(3)植物与土壤的碳、氮、磷质量分数具有显著相关关系(P<0.05);辽东栎天然林的土壤碳磷比最高,为15.22±0.28,而刺槐人工林土壤碳磷比最低,为8.28±0.26。(4)Mantel Test和冗余分析结果表明:人工林中,土壤和植被中的养分相关关系显著(P<0.05),然而在辽东栎天然林中两者相关性相对较小,而且辽东栎天然林的乔木层对土壤和植被化学计量特征的影响相对较弱。【结论】近自然造林可以提高植被多样性,并提供更好的生态系统服务。

广西漓江流域喀斯特地区植被不同恢复阶段植物优势种叶片和土壤的生态化学计量特征

为了解广西漓江流域喀斯特地区植被不同恢复阶段植物的养分利用及养分限制状况,选取5种植被群落代表5个植被恢复阶段(分别为灌草丛阶段、灌丛阶段、灌木林阶段、次生乔木林阶段、原生乔木林阶段),对各恢复阶段植物优势种叶片和土壤的生态化学计量指标进行比较和相关性分析。结果表明:该区域植物优势种叶片和土壤的有机碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)、全钙(Ca)和全镁(Mg)含量及其比值随恢复进程波动变化。灌草丛阶段叶片C和P含量最高(469.84和1.21 g·kg^(-1)),且C∶K和N∶K最大(134.64和5.67);原生乔木林阶段叶片N、K和Mg含量最高(20.52、6.76和5.69 g·kg﹣1),且K∶P最大(5.83);次生乔木林阶段叶片Ca含量最高(34.05 g·kg^(-1)),且C∶P和N∶P最大(510.98和18.25);灌木林阶段叶片C∶N最大(34.61)。灌草丛阶段土壤C和N含量最高(114.25和4.26 g·kg^(-1)),且C∶N、C∶P、C∶K、N∶P和N∶K最大(27.00、170.98、13.75、6.37和0.52);原生乔木林阶段土壤P和Ca含量最高(1.03和6.42 g·kg^(-1));灌木林阶段土壤K含量最高(8.98 g·kg^(-1)),且K∶P最大(12.96);次生乔木林阶段土壤Mg含量最高(11.53 g·kg^(-1))。相关性分析结果显示:叶片C含量与土壤C、N、P、Ca含量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,叶片N、Mg含量与土壤K含量分别呈显著正相关和极显著(P<0.01)负相关,叶片Ca含量与土壤Ca含量呈极显著负相关。综合分析结果表明:广西漓江流域喀斯特地区植被各恢复阶段植物生长均受磷限制,灌丛阶段植物生长还受氮限制,灌草丛阶段植物生长还受钾限制,因此,建议在该区域植被恢复和管理中适当增施有机肥。