21世纪以来中阿经贸合作发展的多维透视

在2001年至2021年间,中国与阿拉伯国家的经贸合作实现了跨越式发展,双边货物贸易额快速增长,贸易结构稳定,沙特和阿联酋等重点市场持续发挥着领头羊作用。能源联系始终是中阿经贸合作发展的主轴,中国即将到来的能源消费峰值可能削弱中阿经贸的增长推力,但基于巨量油气进口的能源联系对中阿经贸合作的推动作用还将持续。除了阿联酋、利比亚和阿尔及利亚以外,中国对阿拉伯产油国都持有巨额逆差,对非产油国持有巨额顺差。中阿经贸合作整体平衡与个体失衡的背后是中国商贸产品的较短产业链和较低附加值。基础设施建设和相互直接投资是中阿经贸“1+2+3”合作格局的两翼,前者发展相对较快,后者则一直在低位徘徊。未来的发展方向是推动阿拉伯国家的工业园区建设,强化中阿在核能、航天、卫星、新能源等高新领域的合作,建立中阿能源命运共同体。

长三角D-2日电能量市场机制设计

立足于我国多层次市场体系建设现状和国、网、省三级调度业务架构,界定现阶段区域内省间市场和跨区省间市场在全国统一电力市场中的功能定位。为了解决不同范围、不同周期市场的衔接问题,提出建设长三角D-2日电能量市场,通过D-2日电能量市场统筹全网电力电量平衡,保障区外送电计划的可执行性,实现市场从中长期到日前的平滑过渡。引入市场用户报量报价参与区域市场;设计市场衔接、市场定价、偏差处理等关键机制;考虑到华东电网是耦合关系复杂的交流电网,构建全网络出清模型。算例结果表明,D-2日电能量市场有利于全网资源优化配置,保障全网电力安全以及解决发电侧市场力问题,证明了市场机制设计的有效性。

基于老挝南立1-2水电站的境外投资项目浅析

以老挝南立1-2水电站为基础,分析老挝南立1-2水电站项目在立项和可靠性研究、协议谈判和国内政府审批、融资、项目建设和运营等阶段的特点,提出在境外投资项目过程中应做好风险预测和风险分摊工作,充分利用国内外有利政策,与政府及合作单位建立良好关系,以及注重品牌建设等措施,为境外投资项目的规划、融资、建设、运营提供了一定的借鉴和参考。

For CO<SUB>2</SUB>Emission Trading in China, Can the Market Become a National One, Four Years after Creating Seven Local Markets?

In this paper, we assess the existing seven local pilot carbon emission trading schemes in China and analyse the factors determining whether China’s carbon market is successful in terms of handling substantial amounts of CO2 emissions rights, regulating the market and trading them at a reasonable price. The emission trading system is developing slowly in most of the participating provinces and cities. Prices tend to decline, while volumes trading slowly increase. The volatility is partially the result of regulation (the rights need to be renewed before a certain date) and partially due to government interventions in the market. Based on the assessment, recommendations are provided for China implementing a national carbon market, based on the experiences and lessons learnt from the seven local carbon emission trading schemes. Conditions for China to roll out the system and later improve the national emission trading scheme to replace the existing local emission trading schemes are formulated.

Assessment of Safety and Effectiveness of Glaritus^&reg;(Wockhardt’s Insulin Glargine) in a Prospective, Multi-Centric Post Marketing Observational Study in Nepalese Having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Nepal is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in South Asia and is facing the consequences of urban lifestyle leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently a high-burden disease in Nepal with a prevalence of 8.4%. Of these 8% - 18% patients are on insulin and 42% patients were reported to have uncontrolled diabetes in the past year. This suggests a need for better therapy options in terms of efficacy and safety. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of Insulin glargine-based therapy in Nepalese with T2DM who could not achieve adequate glycemic control with oral and non-glargine-insulin therapy. Methods: This is a prospective, multi-centric, single arm and post marketing observational study to assess the safety and effectiveness of Glaritus&reg;(Wockhardt’s Insulin Glargine) in 52 T2DM patients from 3 (three) different study sites in Nepal (Bharatpur, Kathmandu and Pokhra) from September 2015 to December 2016. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of Glaritus&reg;, mainly in terms of hypoglycemia, renal function tests and liver function tests. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of Glaritus&reg;in terms of percentage of patients achieving HbA1c goal of less than 7%, mean changes in HbA1c & fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels from baseline till the end of study. Results: 3.85% of subjects experienced hypoglycemia during first 3 months of therapy whereas 1.92% had similar experience in next 3 months of therapy. The mean HbA1c values reduced from 9.16% to 7.15% at the end of study. 21.05% of the enrolled subjects achieved the goal of HbA1c &reg;was well tolerated by the study patients. Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin, initiation with Glaritus&reg;significantly improved glycemic control with good tolerability and acceptability. This analysis in T2DM Nepalese patients shows that by significantly improving glycemic control while not increasing risk of hypoglycemia, Glaritus&reg;provides safer basal insulin and may be suited to aggressive treatment regimens. From a societal perspective, it will help more patients reach the glycemic control target as recommended by the current treatment guidelines.

碳减排与南北经济差距——基于量化空间模型的分析

中国于2020年联合国大会明确提出争取分别在2030年和2060年前实现碳达峰和碳中和。与此同时,中国发展经济和改善民生的任务艰巨,面临着区域经济发展分化态势明显的新情况和新问题。本文在Caliendo等(2018)构建的具有投入产出联系、人口流动的多地区、多部门一般均衡模型基础上引入二氧化碳排放,探究了碳减排对区域经济差异(包括八大经济区、南北地区经济差距)的影响,以及全国碳交易市场建立在其中的调节作用。研究结果显示,按照目前的生产率增长速度,①若不存在全国性碳交易市场,碳减排会抑制发达地区的经济发展,从而缩小南北经济差距;②碳排放交易市场的建立在通过碳价格一体化实现碳从低效率地区向高效率地区转移,从而提高碳资源配置效率的同时,也会加剧地区间的收入差距问题,南北经济差距增大。因此,在碳减排目标实现的过程中,需要同时结合中央财政转移支付手段以解决区域发展不平衡问题,缩小此过程中伴随增大的南北经济差距。

我国绿色甲醇产业现状与发展展望

甲醇作为重要的基础化学品,其具有可作为原料及燃料使用的广泛用途,而基于传统化工制甲醇过程伴随着较高的碳排放量,因而发展绿色甲醇成为行业内的焦点和趋势。概述甲醇的产业发展现状并分析国内外的产业政策,研究不同路径的甲醇生产工艺特点,对煤制甲醇、天然气制甲醇、焦炉煤气制甲醇、煤层气制甲醇及绿色甲醇等对比分析,重点针对全球170个生产和规划的可再生甲醇项目进行深入分析,讨论不同国家的项目数量、规模及分布特征等,并基于对国内外产业政策分析的基础上,针对不同甲醇生产路径的碳排放、经济性及考虑未来纳入碳交易基础上的经济趋势进行情景分析,最后针对目前产业发展存在的问题,为促进我国绿色甲醇产业的健康发展提出建议。国际上欧盟率先发布全球首个绿色甲醇认证标准,各国的近零排放目标也提出发展绿色甲醇等替代燃料,国内对于绿色甲醇行业则通过政策引导等手段并发布一系列环保政策和支持清洁能源发展的措施,为绿色甲醇燃料行业提供政策支持和市场机遇;煤制甲醇产生碳排放2.6~3.8 t CO_(2)/t甲醇,天然气生产甲醇的碳排放为0.5 t CO_(2)/t甲醇;绿色甲醇由于原料来源不同分为生物质甲醇和绿氢制甲醇,目前最简单、最成熟的方法是利用可再生电力电解水制氢,再通过CO_(2)和绿氢通过一步催化过程获得绿色甲醇。应加强绿色甲醇生产技术的研发投入,特别在绿电制甲醇和生物质甲醇方面提升工艺效率及降低成本;加强与国际组织和其他国家的合作,共享绿色甲醇的最新研究成果和技术经验;开展重大项目试点,评估不同技术路径可行性和经济效益,为规模化生产提供基础;制定有利于绿色甲醇发展的政策及相关产品标准;促进上下游产业链的紧密合作,推动绿色甲醇与其他行业的融合发展;鼓励绿色甲醇作为清洁燃料和化工原料在交通、化工、能源等多领域应用,通过政策引导以拓宽其市场空间;构建完整的绿色甲醇产业链,共同推动绿色甲醇产业的可持续发展;建立和完善绿色甲醇的认证标准体系,对标欧盟及国际海事组织(IMO)等绿色甲醇相关准则和规范;建立和完善碳交易市场、碳配额管理制度以及温室气体自愿减排方法学,鼓励企业减少碳排放并通过绿色甲醇生产等方式实现减排目标。

The Influence of Allowance Allocation Methods on CO2 Emission Reduction： Experiences From the Seven China Pilots

One of the key elements influencing the performance of a carbon trading system, are the methods of allocating the initial CO2 emissions. This paper tries to use a quantitative description method to analyze the influence of the different allocation methods on the level of CO2 emissions based on the seven pilot trading markets from 2009 to 2013 in China. The results show that different methods bring about various degrees of impacts, through direct and indirect constraint mechanism, influence the CO2 emission cut finally. Although due to the complexity of the direct and indirect constraint mechanism, attempting to compare the effects of different allocation methods is difficult by using the data of carbon emission cut from seven pilot markets in China, the paper shows that the allowance allocation methods, through the constraints imposed on enterprises, significantly reduce regional carbon emissions.

以职业导向为原则 改革高职医药营销专业课程设置

医药营销专业是一门应用性很强的专业。针对该专业的职业定向,需要探索一种新的课程体系,注重理论与实践相结合。本文以职业导向为原则,改革高职医药营销专业课程设置,使之有增、有减、有融合,优化了课程结构,更新了教学内容,突出了职业岗位的实用性和实践性。同时该专业在我院实行2+1教学模式的探索,提前学生顶岗实习的时间,加强了学生在理论与实践中的教学,取得了良好的效果。

以培养高素质本科软件人才为目标的教育机制探索与实践

笔者调查了我国软件人才的需求状况,分析了现有的高校培养模式、就业状况等。本文针对调查中出现的问题,在总结计算机科学与技术软件方向实践教学经验的基础上,提出"2+1+1"的专业培养方案和校企合作的实践模式等,以提升学生的软件应用能力、就业能力和职业能力。

工业外贸专业教学改革探索

本文总结了在河南机电高等专科学校特有的“2 +1”教学模式的环境中 。

重整C_9芳烃制取偏三甲苯、均三甲苯的技术与产品市场

介绍了国内偏三甲苯和均三甲苯的生产能力、产量和市场需求,对国内偏三甲苯和均三甲苯的生产技术现状和市场发展趋势进行了分析与预测,并提出了发展建议。

南昌华南城一期市场空调通风设计

介绍了1、2号交易广场空调冷热源、空调风系统、空调水系统、空调通风自控、通风系统及防排烟系统的设计,并对设计进行了小结,1、2号交易广场分为两个独立的空调系统,空调冷热源均为水冷离心式冷水机组加真空热水机组。

食品添加剂与人体健康及市场监督浅析

本文论述了食品添加剂对人体健康的影响及其防范措施，强化添加剂使用的监督与管理，发动群众进行市场监督。

浅谈黑河港口的营销管理

本文围绕黑河港口运营情况，提出了营销管理现存的问题及对策。

T+1交易制度下的资产定价模型研究——基于隔夜收益率视角

本文通过对T+1交易制度下交易行为的理论分析以及对A股市场收益的实证检验,发现隔夜收益率与T+1交易制度之间有着密切的联系。在T+1交易制度下,中国沪深A股市场整体隔夜收益率为负的现象十分稳定、显著,并且低隔夜收益率的股票在未来往往会带来更高的收益;在FamaFrench三因子模型基础上,建立的由市场投资组合、规模因子和隔夜收益率因子组成的三因子模型对于中国A股市场收益的解释力更优。

Carbon emission trading system of China： a linked market vs. separated markets

The Chinese government intends to upgrade its current provincial carbon emission trading pilots to a nationwide scheme by 2015. This study investigates two of scenarios： separated provincial markets and a linked inter- provincial market. The carbon abatement effects of separated and linked markets are compared using two pilot provinces of Hubei and Guangdong based on a computable general equilibrium model termed Sino- TERMCo2. Simulation results show that the linked market can improve social welfare and reduce carbon emission intensity for the nation as well as for the Hubei-Guangdong bloc compared to the separated market. However, the combined system also distributes welfare more unevenly and thus increases social inequity. On the policy ground, the current results suggest that a well-constructed, nation- wide carbon market complemented with adequate welfare transfer policies can be employed to replace the current top-down abatement target disaggregation practice.

Enhancing scalability of peer-to-peer energy markets using adaptive segmentation method

This paper proposes an adaptive segmentation method as a market clearing mechanism for peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading scheme with large number of market players.In the proposed method,market players participate in the market by announcing their bids.In the first step,players are assigned to different segments based on their features,where the balanced k-means clustering method is implemented to form segments.These segments are formed based on the similarity between players,where the amount of energy for trade and its corresponding price are considered as features of players.In the next step,a distributed method is employed to clear the market in each segment without any need to private information of players.The novelty of this paper relies on developing an adaptive algorithm for dividing large number of market players into multiple segments to enhance scalability of the P2P trading by reducing data exchange and communication overheads.The proposed approach can be used along with any distributed method for market clearing.In this paper,two different structures including community-based market and decentralized bilateral trading market are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.Simulation results show the beneficial properties of the proposed segmentation method.

T+0交易制度对股票市场质量的影响分析

T+0交易制度,是指投资者当天购买股票可在同一天卖出的一种交易制度,它是国际市场通行的交易制度.与之相对的,T+1交易制度是指当日买进的股票次日才能卖出,我国股票市场推行的就是T+1制度.T+1交易制度是中国市场的特色,若中国市场改为实行T+0交易制度会对市场的定价效率、流动性和波动性产生什么影响呢?文章采用区别于传统方法的计算实验金融方法,开发符合我国股票市场的计算实验仿真金融平台,进行仿真模拟实验,测试股票市场从T+1交易制度变为T+0交易制度对市场质量的影响,主要包括对市场价格发现效率、流动性及波动性的影响.研究结果表明:相较于T+1交易制度,T+0交易制度提高了股票市场的价格发现效率和流动性,但加剧了市场波动.

中国外贸进出口对税收的影响:理论与实证

对外贸易对中国的税收有怎样的影响?回答这一问题,对制定贸易政策有重要的现实意义。本文对1-2-3模型进行修正,将总产出区分为4种具有不同税收特征的产品,构建相应的税收模型,从理论上分析了对外贸易对税收有正面的影响。实际测算显示,一般贸易出口每增加1元人民币,会相应带动当年税收增加0.4-0.5元人民币。通过对季度数据的Granger因果检验和向量误差修正模型分析,本文发现出口增加对税收有持续的正面影响。