Application of Mobile Technology and Information Management in Emergency Pre- Examination and Triage

The primary objective of emergency pre-examination and triage is to provide the most appropriate clinical service to patients with acute and critical illnesses while ensuring the optimal utilization of limited medical resources.With the advancement of medical information technology,mobile technology,and information management,these features have been gradually incorporated into emergency pre-examination and triage and have shown promising outcomes.In this article,the benefits of implementing mobile technology and the current status of integrated information management to provide a reference for the future development and enhancement of emergency pre-examination and triage are reviewed.

Triage and Risk Concept: Application Proposal for Pre-Hospital Emergencies in a Psychiatric Ambulance in the City of Buenos Aires

The heterogeneity of clinical presentations in psychiatric emergencies creates difficulties in the response by interdisciplinary Mental Health teams. This is aggravated and difficult when the care is carried out on public roads or the patient’s home, that is, it is a pre-hospital context. Our Psychiatric Emergency Hospital, located in the City of Buenos Aires, provides pre-hospital care with a psychiatric ambulance, which is then referred to general hospitals or other health system providers. Not all effectors in the network have the same resources and, at the time of the emergency, the reasons for consultation such as the patient’s clinic are heterogeneous and require the greatest effectiveness in the intervention that is taken. The triage system is a resource that allows the systematization of approaches against the multiplicity of reasons for consultation and presentation of mental pathologies in the emergency room, in addition to providing greater effectiveness in interventions, homogeneity for the health system and consensus among the health effectors. Framed in the Mental Health Law, and especially in the concept of risk, a triage proposal was designed for pre-hospital interventions by the psychiatric ambulance dependent on Hospital Alvear and under current legal regulations with the aim of homogenizing care and referrals with the highest rate of effectiveness to provide quality interdisciplinary medicine.

A Qualitative Study of the Triage of Patients with Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen

Objective: To explore the work experience of medical staff in the emergency department of a general hospital in the triage of patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen to formulate corresponding intervention measures and branch evaluation tools. Methods: With descriptive phenomenology as the research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the medical staff in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from February 1st to 10th, 2023, and Colaizzi seven-step analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 17 emergency medical staff were interviewed in this study. Four themes were derived from the analysis of the data: the etiology of acute abdomen is complex, so it is difficult to categorize them: acute abdomen requires immediate treatment, but the treat will be delayed if the categorization is inaccurate;the high pressure of nurses and the accuracy in categorizing the patients are problems that should be addressed. Conclusion: The categorization of patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen is challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out corresponding intervention and formulate appropriate departmental evaluation tools to improve the accuracy of categorization of patients with acute abdomen.

Validation of different pediatric triage systems in the emergency department

BACKGROUND: Triage system in children seems to be more challenging compared to adults because of their different response to physiological and psychosocial stressors. This study aimed to determine the best triage system in the pediatric emergency department.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. This study was divided into two phases. The fi rst phase determined the inter-rater reliability of fi ve triage systems: Manchester Triage System(MTS), Emergency Severity Index(ESI) version 4, Pediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale(CTAS), Australasian Triage Scale(ATS), and Ramathibodi Triage System(RTS) by triage nurses and pediatric residents. In the second phase, to analyze the validity of each triage system, patients were categorized as two groups, i.e., high acuity patients(triage level 1, 2) and low acuity patients(triage level 3, 4, and 5). Then we compared the triage acuity with actual admission.RESULTS: In phase I, RTS illustrated almost perfect inter-rater reliability with kappa of 1.0(P<0.01). ESI and CTAS illustrated good inter-rater reliability with kappa of 0.8–0.9(P<0.01). Meanwhile, ATS and MTS illustrated moderate to good inter-rater reliability with kappa of 0.5–0.7(P<0.01). In phase II, we included 1 041 participants with average age of 4.7±4.2 years, of which 55% were male and 45% were female. In addition 32% of the participants had underlying diseases, and 123(11.8%) patients were admitted. We found that ESI illustrated the most appropriate predicting ability for admission with sensitivity of 52%, specifi city of 81%, and AUC 0.78(95%CI 0.74–0.81).CONCLUSION: RTS illustrated almost perfect inter-rater reliability. Meanwhile, ESI and CTAS illustrated good inter-rater reliability. Finally, ESI illustrated the appropriate validity for triage system.

TRISim:A Triage Simulation System to Exploit and Assess Triage Operations for Hospital Managers-Development,Validation and Experiment

Triage is a method for determining the priority of patients’treatment to improve survival rates.Different triage methods are used in hospitals,and they are applied after performing an evaluation based on standard methods such as the Japan Triage Acuity Scale(JTAS)or Emergency Severity Index(ESI).It is important to consider the characteristics of all the hospitals when assigning triage methods and emergency levels to them;the hospital managers make these decisions.We propose a multi-agent simulation method to support the hospital managers in employing the triage protocols according to their environment.We developed a prototype simulation system called TRISim to explore and assess the triage operations.In this paper,we provide an overview of TRISim and present our experimental results to validate the system.

The Usage of Triage Systems in Mass Casualty Incident of Developed Countries

Victims are usually overwhelmed by local medical system in an unexpected mass casualty incident (MCI). Triage systems originate from wartime necessity to achieve the greatest efficiency to the maximum number of victims. In peacetime, the triage systems are applied to allocate constrained medical resources for the victims in MCI. There are several kinds of triage systems in different countries, such as Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START), Sort, Assess, Life-saving interventions, Treatment and/or Transport (SALT), Sacco Triage Method (STM), Careflight triage and Triage Sieve (TS). The START system is widely used in developed countries, especially in USA. The SALT is formulated by a work group of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) based on scientific data. STM is a triage algorithm designed for resource-constrained condition. Besides, the other triage systems show their power in managing the victims in MCI. However, the data of theses popular triage tools are mainly based on simulated tests, lacking of validity and reliability of triage systems. Therefore, the application, reliability, sensitivity and specificity of existing triage tools require to be validated in the real condition of MCI. Furthermore, due to the difference among triage tools used in different countries, international cooperation is demanded for a more highly organized mass-casualty medical response.

改良版加拿大急诊分诊量表在产科急诊分诊中的应用效果

目的探讨改良版加拿大急诊分诊量表(CTAS)在产科急诊中的应用效果。方法选取2020年7月至12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院急诊科就诊的3600名孕妇为研究对象,按照就诊月份将其分为对照组(7、9、11月就诊的孕妇)和观察组(8、10、12月就诊的孕妇),每组1800名。对照组采用常规预检分诊标准,观察组采用改良版CTAS分诊标准进行预检分诊。比较两组分诊级别、等候时间、分诊准确率及满意度。结果两组分诊级别比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级分诊等待时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组分诊准确率及满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良版CTAS分诊标准能明显缩短孕妇等候时间、提高分诊准确率和满意度,可作为产科急诊分诊工具之一。

PQRST分诊模式对非创伤性疼痛患者的作用效果

目的研究PQRST分诊模式对非创伤性疼痛患者分诊满意度和分诊质量的影响。方法回顾性分析医院2022年6—12月收治的100例非创伤性疼痛的患者资料,按照分诊模式分为两组,接受传统分诊模式的为对照组(n=49);接受PQRST分诊模式的为研究组(n=51)。比较两组分诊准确率、分诊时间、患者20项疼痛焦虑症状量表(PASS20)、意外事件、分诊满意度和分诊质量。结果研究组分诊准确率较对照组高,分诊时间较对照组短(P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组生理焦虑、回避、恐惧3个维度评分降低(P<0.05),认知维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组分诊服务、分诊秩序、分诊准确度、危急情况应对处理评分较对照组均升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组意外事件发生率(0)低于对照组(12.24%)(P<0.05);研究组分诊效率、分诊评估、救治效果评分较对照组均升高(P<0.05)。结论PQRST分诊模式能提高非创伤性疼痛整体分诊质量,缩短分诊时间,缓解患者疼痛焦虑情绪,提高分诊满意度。

标准化急诊预检分诊对急诊胸痛患者救治效果的研究

目的评估标准化急诊预检分诊模式在急诊胸痛患者中的应用效果。方法选择2023年2—5月福建省泉州市第一医院城东院区急诊科接诊的50例急性胸痛患者为对照组,2023年6—9月福建省泉州市第一医院城东院区急诊科接诊的50例急性胸痛患者为研究组。对照组采用传统急诊预检分诊方法,研究组采用基于改良早期预警评分系统(modified early warning score,MEWS)的标准化急诊预检分诊模式。比较2组患者急诊处理时间、急性冠脉综合征患者首次医疗接触到球囊开通时间(first medical contact to balloon,FMC-to-B)、进入医院大门至球囊开通时间(door to ballon,D-to-B)、不良事件发生情况。结果研究组预检分诊时间[(2.2±0.5)min vs.(3.6±1.4)min]、首份心电图时间[(6.1±1.9)min vs.(8.9±2.6)min]、床旁即时检测完成时间[(21.4±3.2)min vs.(30.6±6.8)min]、急诊科停留时间[(40.2±7.6)min vs.(54.6±11.8)min]均短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组急性冠脉综合征患者FMC-to-B[(50.4±9.3)min vs.(71.3±14.7)min]与D-to-B[(78.6±11.7)min vs.(106.9±15.4)min]短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组心力衰竭、休克、心律失常累计发生率低于对照组(10.0%vs.28.0%,P<0.05)。结论基于MEWS的标准化急诊预检分诊模式可提升急性胸痛救治效率,改善患者预后。

医学技术类本科生专业分流选择成因的质性研究——以天津医科大学为例

目的明晰独立医学院校医学技术类专业本科生大类招生专业分流的选择成因,以期为高校医学技术类专业分流政策提供建议。方法选取当前就读于天津医科大学医学技术学院并参与过专业分流的本科生20名进行半结构化访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法,探究其在专业分流时选择专业的原因。结果参与访谈的本科生选择现就读专业的因素包括个人因素、学科因素、就业因素、他人因素。结论专业分流对学生的个人发展、素质提升和能力培养方面起到了重要作用,现行专业分流政策存在学生在专业分流时具有一定盲目性、分流前职业规划课程内容不足、专业分流缺乏灵活性、招生比例不合理等问题。针对此类问题,学校应当为参与专业分流的学生丰富职业规划课程;专业分流后学校也可以给予学生二次选择专业的机会;学校还需要对医学技术类专业的学院规模与招生比例等方面进行统筹规划。

急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查分析

目的探讨适合急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习的带教方法。方法随机选取2022年1—8月于广州医科大学附属第一医院、广州医科大学附属第二医院、广州医科大学附属第三医院、广州市第一人民医院、广东省人民医院等多家三甲医院急诊科实习的112名护理学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般资料、急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查。结果参与调查的护生中,79名护生(70.5%)实习前已参加过急诊培训,102名(91.1%)护生认为非常有必要学习预检分诊知识,72名(64.3%)护生对学习预检分诊知识及技能非常有兴趣,105名护生(93.8%)自愿安排时间学习预检分诊知识。分别对急诊预检分诊岗位实习教学方法进行对比分析,排名最高的3种教学方法依次为情景教学法、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-basedlearning,PLB)、传统教授法。在校护生对护理实习教学方法的选择构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论护生对急诊预检分诊岗位实习需求较高,更加倾向选择能提高其实践能力、理论与临床结合能力的实习带教方法。情景教学方法在本研究中的分值最高,在急诊预检分诊实习带教中可灵活使用。

广州某三甲医院急诊科经120救护车来诊患者特点分析

目的探讨急诊科经120救护车来诊患者的特点,为明确急诊科救治重点、合理分配急诊医疗资源及优化急诊就诊流程提供依据。方法收集广州医科大学附属第二医院急诊科2022年1—12月经广州120救护车来诊患者的数据,对患者的性别、年龄、疾病谱、病情分诊级别、来诊高峰等资料进行分析。结果共收集患者4370例,其中男性患者2287例(占52.3%),女性患者2083例(占47.7%);患者年龄0.1~106.0岁,其中以66岁以上年龄段患者居多,占比62.5%;疾病谱排名前3位的为神经系统疾病(1529例,占比35.0%)、创伤(797例,占比18.2%)、呼吸系统疾病(555例,占比12.7%);预检分诊级别为Ⅰ级患者300例(占6.9%),Ⅱ级1248例(占28.6%)、Ⅲ级2806例(占64.2%)、Ⅳ级16例(占0.4%);来诊的高峰时段为9:00—12:00,779例,占比17.8%。结论急诊医护人员应根据经120来诊患者特征,合理调配急诊医疗资源,进一步优化接诊流程,提高急诊救治能力,保证患者安全。

基于深度学习技术的神经外科疾病智慧辅助分诊模型研究

随着深度学习技术发展与临床数据的快速积累,医学人工智能成为研究热点。基于临床文本信息,利用机器学习和自然语言处理技术进行临床辅助诊疗决策是重要的应用方向。然而,主要研究都聚焦于高质量数据基础上的通用或常见的临床诊疗预测任务(如基于影像的医学诊断等)。由于临床环节多样,常常存在数据资源不足情况下的诊疗决策,如复杂疾病的门急诊分诊诊断临床工作量大,智能预测模型能够提升临床效率,是具有重要价值的新方向。本研究以4万余例医院神经外科临床文本数据为基础,提出了一种基于深度学习的神经外科辅助分诊模型(ABTC)。该模型融合了ALBERT预训练模型和TextCNN卷积神经网络,以增强医学文本的嵌入表示和上下文内容的学习,从而提高神经外科诊断的准确性和效率。实验结果显示,该模型对69种神经外科疾病的预测性能F1值达到了0.7769(高于所有基线模型)。同时,在常见神经外科疾病如创伤性脑损伤诊断预测性能表现良好,F1值>0.90。提示神经外科门急诊辅助分诊模型对提升临床诊疗决策效率具有一定价值。

智能眼镜在大规模伤亡事件救援中的应用研究进展

快速准确的检伤分类能有效提高大规模伤亡事件中的伤员救治能力,随着人工智能技术的蓬勃发展,智能眼镜被用于该领域并取得重要进展。本文简述了智能眼镜的概念,着重探究了智能眼镜在大规模伤亡事件救援中的优劣势,以期更好地指导应急医疗救援工作。

基于机器学习的创伤伤员检伤分类预测模型构建及验证

背景创伤现场批量伤员的检伤分类是现场急救中的关键环节,探索如何更加高效准确地对伤员进行检伤分类具有重要意义。目的基于生命体征数据和机器学习算法建立并验证创伤伤员检伤分类预测模型。方法回顾性分析美国创伤数据库2017—2019年的院前急救创伤伤员数据,采用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、随机森林(random forest,RF)、梯度提升决策树(gradient boosting decision tree,GBDT)、极端梯度提升(eXtreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)和多层感知机(multi-layer perceptron,MLP)5种机器学习算法开发创伤伤员检伤分类预测模型并验证。采用准确率、精准度、召回率、F1值和AUC值(ROC曲线下面积)进行结果评价,使用ROC曲线进行可视化,并在解放军总医院第一医学中心急诊创伤数据集中对最优模型结果进行验证。结果共选取伤员数据24948例,基于ISS分级标准分为轻伤9496例,中等伤9532例,重伤5496例,危重伤424例。ROC曲线分析显示,相较于其他四种模型,GBDT算法预测上述ISS分级的效能最好,准确率为82.63%,精确度为68.21%,召回率为60.92%,F1值为61.91%,AUC为90.38%。在解放军总医院第一医学中心急诊创伤数据集中验证GBDT模型,准确率为83.15%,精确度为77.38%,召回率为59.89%,F1值为55.26%,AUC为90.38%。结论本研究成功开发并验证了一组检伤分类机器学习预测模型,未来可应用于创伤伤员现场检伤分类辅助决策。

眼科急诊预检分诊标准体系构建及初步验证

目的:基于我国国情构建科学、简便且高效的眼科急诊预检分诊标准,为眼科医护人员提供高效的眼科急诊预检分诊工具。方法:基于文献查询法、半结构访谈法、德尔菲法及层次分析法确定眼科急诊预检分诊标准内容。通过提取2023年8月1日—2023年8月10日急诊分诊系统及HIMSS电子病历系统数据,分析初次分诊的级别与接诊医生最终诊断的所属级别符合率,对眼科急诊预检分诊标准体系的应用效果进行初步验证。结果:对18名专家进行2轮专家咨询,有效问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数均为0.95,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.564、0.117(均P<0.05)。最终构建的眼科急诊预检分诊标准体系包括3个一级指标、11个二级指标。初步验证显示,该预检分诊标准体系具有92.7%的分诊准确率。结论:本研究构建的眼科急诊预检分诊标准体系结构合理、内容全面,具有科学性及实用性,可为眼科临床急诊预检分诊工作提供准确、有效的分诊工具,有助于提高临床工作效率及预检分诊质量。

急诊老年创伤患者预检分诊的研究进展

随着人口老龄化,急诊老年创伤患者的发生率和病死率显著上升,创伤已成为老年人群非正常死亡的第五大原因。预检分诊是根据患者病情严重程度判定其优先级并分级,是评估创伤患者的第一道防线。该文阐述了急诊老年创伤患者的年龄定义、预检分诊标准及评估指标,分析影响其分诊的相关因素,并提出展望,希望进一步建立和完善急诊老年创伤患者的分诊标准。

非接触式生理参数测量用于远程急诊分诊的可行性研究

目的 通过分析急诊患者危重症及轻症的就诊特征,评估非接触式生理测量及远程预检分诊的准确性,探讨远程协助患者就诊的可行性方法。方法 纳入重庆市急救医疗中心2022年6月1日至10月31日急诊科就诊的419例患者。根据急诊预检分诊结果分为危重症组(221例)和轻症组(198例),比较2组患者就诊信息特征的差异;用手机应用程序非接触式测量心率和呼吸频率参数,与接触式测量结果进行比较,评估非接触式测量心率及呼吸频率的准确性;与急诊科现场预检分诊分级比较,评估远程预检分诊分级的准确性。结果 轻症组患者中18~<45岁者明显高于危重症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);危重症组患者中意识状态为“对声音刺激有反应”和“对疼痛刺激有反应”者均明显高于轻症组,轻症组患者多为“意识清楚”,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);危重症组患者主诉为“胸痛、意识障碍、便血”者均明显高于轻症组,轻症组患者以“关节痛”居多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者排前3位既往史均为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病。危重症组患者既往有肿瘤、消化道出血病史者均明显高于轻症组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);非接触式测量心率与接触式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非接触式测量呼吸频率与接触式比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);急诊预检分诊的危重症患者明显高于远程预检分诊,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 非接触式测量的心率、呼吸频率准确性尚有待于进一步研究,但结合急诊患者的就诊信息特征,远程急诊预检分诊的可靠性将会逐步提高。

快速时效管理模式在急诊科预检分诊中的应用

目的探讨急诊科预检分诊中应用快速时效管理模式的效果。方法纳入2021年4月至2022年4月收治的急诊就诊患者170例为研究对象,随机分2组,每组85例。对照组给予常规预检分诊护理干预,观察组采用快速时效管理模式进行护理干预,比较2组的临床指标、分诊准确率、抢救成功率、候诊意外情况发生率和护理满意度。结果观察组的挂号时间、分诊评估时间、就诊至处置时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的分诊准确率和抢救成功率分别为100.00%和97.65%,高于对照组的91.76%和89.41%(P<0.05)。观察组的候诊意外情况发生率为1.18%(1/85),低于对照组的9.41%(8/85)(P<0.05)。观察组的就诊次序、信息沟通、分诊环境、分诊服务态度等方面的护理满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急诊科预检分诊中应用快速时效管理模式进行护理干预,可有效缩短挂号时间、分诊评估时间、就诊至处置时间,降低候诊意外情况发生率,提高分诊准确率、抢救成功率和护理满意度。