Application of Non-Fuel Power Generation Technology in Steel Industry

Through continuous equipment technology transformation and full utilization of Ma Steel's abundant gas,the boiler no longer relies on fuel oil for stable combustion during boiler startup,sliding parameter shutdown,and RB,thus achieving safe and stable operation of the boiler under any abnormal working conditions,and achieving good economic and social benefits.

Rapidly determining fuel pollution level of aviation lubricating oil 50-1-4Φby mid-infrared spectrometry

A series of aviation lubrication oil 50-1-4φ samples were prepared with different RP-3 content, and then these sam- ples were analyzed by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrometer （FTIR）. The infrared region of 805--755 cm-1 was selected as quantitative area for determining fuel pollution level of aviation lubrication oil. Finally, correlation of the testing peak area and the fuel pollution level of corresponding samples were analyzed, and the regression equation was proposed. The results show that determining jet fuel pollution level of aviation lubricating oil by FTIR is feasible and reliable.

Conversion of lignin oil and hemicellulose derivative into high-density jet fuel

Synthesizing high-density fuel from lignocellulose can not only achieve green and low-carbon development,but also expand the feedstock source of hydrocarbon fuel.Here,we reported a route of producing high-density fuel from lignin oil and hemicellulose derivative cyclopentanol through alkylation and hydrodeoxygenation,HY with SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) molar ratio of 5.3 was screened as the alkylation catalyst in the reaction of model phenolic compounds and mixtures,and the reaction conditions were optimized to achieve conversion of phenolic compounds higher than 87%and selectivity of bicyclic and tricyclic products higher than 99%.Then two phenolic pools simulating the composition of two typic lignin oils were studied to validate the alkylation and analyze the competition mechanism of phenolic compounds in mixture system.Finally,real lignin oil from depolymerized of beech powder was tested,and notably80%of phenolic monomers in the oil were converted into fuel precursor.After hydrodeoxygenation,the alkylated product was converted to fuel blend with a density of 0.91 g/mL at 20℃and a freezing point lower than-60℃,very promising as high density fuel.This work provides a facile and energyefficient way of synthesizing high-performance jet fuel directly from lignocellulosic derivatives,which decreases processing energy consumption and improve the utilization rate of feedstock.

Chemical and Thermal Characterization of Cement Mortar Containing Ground Palm Oil Fuel Ash as a Partial Cement Replacement

This study investigates the influence of using ground palm oil fuel ash(G-POFA) from 10%-30% as cement replacement(by weight) on the cement mortar's pH under various curing conditions. These findings were supplemented by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA). Moreover, the resistance of G-POFA blended cement mortars to water absorption and sorptivity was determined. Further, the k-value test was carried out to explain the pozzolanic and filler behavior of G-POFA and to support the results obtained from TGA. It was found that there was no significant impact of several curing conditions on the pH of mortars. The mortar with 10% G-POFA in replacement of cement(G-POFA-10) exhibited the best resistance against water absorption and sorptivity.

Thermo economic evaluation of oxy fuel combustion cycle in Kazeroon power plant considering enhanced oil recovery revenues

Oxy fuel combustion and conventional cycle(currently working cycle) in Kazeroon plant are modeled using commercial thermodynamic modeling software. Economic evaluation of the two models regarding the resources of transport and injection of carbon dioxide into oil fields at Gachsaran for enhanced oil recovery in the various oil price indices is conducted and indices net present value(NPV) and internal rate of return on investment(IRR) are calculated. The results of the two models reveal that gross efficiency of the oxy fuel cycle is more than reference cycle(62% compared to 49.03%), but the net efficiency is less(41.85% compared to 47.92%) because of the high-energy consumption of the components, particularly air separation unit(ASU) in the oxy fuel cycle. In this model, pure carbon dioxide with pressure of 20×105 Pa and purity of 96.84% was captured. NOX emissions also decrease by 4289.7 tons per year due to separation of nitrogen in ASU. In this model, none of the components of oxy fuel cycle is a major engineering challenge. With increasing oil price, economic justification of oxy fuel combustion model increases. With the price of oil at $ 80 per barrel in mind and $ 31 per ton fines for emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, IRR is the same for both models.

Thermomechanical and Hydrous Effect of Heavy Fuel Oil in a Building Material Based on Silty Clayey Soil

This study focuses on the use of heavy fuel oil in construction in Burkina Faso.Mixed with silty and/or clay soil,it is used as a coating to reinforce the walls of raw soil constructions which are very sensitive to water.The interest of this paper is to shed light on the thermomechanical and above all water effects of heavy fuel oil on a sample of silty clayey soil.To achieve this,we used heavy fuel oil added in different proportions to silty clayey soil,to make sample of bricks on which tests were carried out.At the end of the experimental tests carried out on materials made(bricks)with our soil sample,it appears that heavy fuel oil moderately reduces the mechanical resistance of bricks and slightly increases thermal diffusion through them.On the contrary,we note a very good water resistance of the bricks thanks to the heavy fuel oil,in particular their water absorption by capillarity.This confirms that the mixture of heavy fuel oil and a silty-clayey soil used as a coating makes it possible to prevent the infiltration of water into the walls of raw soil constructions.However,its use as a construction material does not guarantee very good mechanical resistance,and slightly increases thermal diffusion.

残渣型船用燃料油RMG380调和研究

为控制船用燃料油在燃烧过程中产生的污染,国际海事组织(IMO)于2020年1月1日起强制执行新的硫排放限制法规,将全球范围内的船用燃料油的硫含量限制在0.5%(质量分数)以下。为应对新的燃料油市场形势,中石油某炼化公司积极开展残渣型船用燃料油的调和研究。对照GB17411—2015船用燃料油标准,针对炼厂减压渣油、催化油浆、焦化蜡油、脱蜡油等低值重油进行化验分析,结合本公司炼油结构及市场行情,优选出可能用于船用燃料油RMG380的调和组分。开发公司内部条件下调和成本最低且可行的船用燃料油调和方案,根据调和方案调和出满足残渣型船用燃料油标准RMG380指标要求的产品,为工业化生产提供可行的方案。

2023年我国炼油和成品油市场回顾及2024年展望

2023年,国内成品油行业完成疫后复苏的爬坡过坎。随着宏观经济回暖、用油行业需求逐步恢复及出行活动回归正常,成品油消费迎来复苏,整体消费超疫情前水平;而供应侧,产能增长放缓,企业生产负荷在需求回升、效益好转的带动下大幅回升,攀升至历史高位;同时,替代资源强势发展,气价下行带动车用LNG经济性好转,新能源汽车自主扩张动力全面形成。2024年,成品油产业链在继续修复的基础上深化转型发展。预计国内成品油消费徘徊于低速增长通道,汽油小幅增长,航煤继续恢复,柴油略降;国内炼油产能继续增长;市场经营环境有望在政策持续系统化、全面化的基础上得到进一步优化。

The Effect of Reaction Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Alcohol Ratio in the Production of Biodiesel from Raw and Purified Castor Oil

In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.

A Comparative Study of Transesterification of Hydnocapus weightiana Seed Oil Using Calcined and Acid Activated Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst and Its Kinetic Study

The world’s total fossil fuel consumption has been significantly increasing with consequential increased environmental catastrophes. A hunt for an alternate energy source was stimulated. Biofuel is a plausible option in this pursuit due to its ideal qualities which included but are not limited to renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the pump price of biodiesel is still very high due mainly to the high cost of the production of the commodity which is influenced by the feedstock and the homogeneous nature of catalyst used. Heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by using Pila globosa sea snail shells prepared by calcination (CP8) and by acid activation (PTW1M). Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil (Non-edible feedstock) was extracted using the soxhlet extraction method and was used for biofuel production with a methanol oil ratio of 3:1. Agitation speed 800, 600 rmp, reaction temperatures of 70°C, 60°C, catalyst concentration (3.00, 2.00 wt%) and reaction time (70 and 60 min) was maintained for CP8 and PTW1M respectively. The rate of the reaction followed a reversible second-order reaction rate. Re-usability accessed. From TGA analysis, the best calcination temperature was 800°C. SEM results showed improved surface morphology after calcination, especially for CP8. FTIR analysis showed the elimination of volatiles and formation of CaO and CaO4Te after calcination. The reaction rate constant at different temperatures was 0.0287 at 30°C, 0.1200 at 50°C and 0.1142 at 70°C and activation energy of the ethyl ester was 49.49 KJ/mol. Using CP8. Most of the fuel properties met with ASTM 6751 standard. The result of the re-usability showed that the biodiesel yield declined as follows: 92, 86, 80, 73 and 69 % for CP8 and 85, 84, 81, 76, 65. For PTW1M. After the fifth regeneration cycle, both CP8 and PTW1M samples of Pila globosa sea snail shell catalyst proved effective in transesterification reaction of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil using ethanol. It was observed that the calcined catalyst (CP8) showed a superior catalytic performance.

Development of Fuel Economy Gear Oil Technology

Vehicle fuel economy will continue to increase in importance as world vehicle production grows and fuel supplies become more limited year by year.As OEMs strive to produce cars and trucks with greater fuel efficiency and extended durability,additive technology developers are increasingly being asked to contribute to these goals from the lubricant side.Axle inefficiency can account for as much as 10% of the overall losses in an automotive driveline so improvements in axle efficiency can contribute greatly to improving vehicle fuel economy.For good durability,low axle oil operating temperatures are also needed to minimize oxidative and thermal degradation of the oil,reduce deposits and sludge formation,and extend oil drain intervals.To develop gear oils that can increase axle efficiency significantly while maintaining stable operating temperatures requires rig tests that are fast,precise and reproducible.This paper documents the development of a new axle test rig and test procedures and presents test results on several gear oils.The test results show the contributions of base oil viscosity,base oil chemistry,and additive chemistry on the fuel economy and temperature of the various oils.Having a dependable tool is enabling the development of new fuel-efficient and durable gear oil technology.

A STUDY ON' SYNCHRONOUS-HI GH-DERIVATIVE SPECTFLUOR—THE DI FFERENTI ATI ON OF CRUDE OIL AND FUEL OIL POLLUTION

A method of synchronous-high-derivative spectfluor for identification of crude oil and fuel oil pollution is studied. The best operation conditions for the 2nd and 4th deriv, are set. To differentiate oil-spill at river and sea, this method is rapid and simple, and the spectra have high resolution power as 'fingerprint'.

Power Generation with Vegetable Oils in the Italian Scenario: A 20 MW Case Study. Technical Feasibility Analysis and Economical Aspects

Nowadays the utilization of vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, as fuel in the power plant, has made a significant development in the last few years. This vegetable oil can be used in particular in slow marine-derived diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), with an electric efficiency of about 40%. The efficiency is connected to the size of the power plant. Moreover, the considerable amount of the required vegetable oil to feed the system forces, especially in Italy, makes it necessary to import the fuel. This is the most critical element as the palm oil is subject to continuous variations in prices. Due to this variation it is difficult to stabilize a convenient fuel supply for a long period. The paper aims to evaluate and estimate the economic, technical and environmental feasibility of a 20 MW plant for the stationary power generation fed with palm oil, enlightening the system solution (technical constructive aspects) and the economic appraisal, on the basis of variations in oil prices. A comparison with a cogenerative power plant has been also carried out and, at last, the economic sensibility analysis based on the fuel cost and the European mechanisms of biomass incentives is performed.

Biodiesel from Palm Vegetable Oil

Energy obtained from a variety of non-renewable sources is considered unsustainable. Various fossil fuels, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, are among these sources. The combustion of fossil fuels resulted in the generation of greenhouse gases, which increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming and ozone layer degradation are the negative consequences. In a country like India, where consumable oils are still imported, it is sense to look at the possibility of using such unpalatable oils in CI engines that aren’t often utilized as cooking oil. Palm oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the monocarp of the oil palm’s crop. The main goal is to provide a low-cost, high-performance alternative to diesel. The possibility of palm oil as a realistic, modest, and effective hotspot for the generation of biodiesel is investigated in this research. The article is focused on the comparison of palm oil and diesel in terms of characteristics.

4.0 Mt/a环烷基油加氢裂化装置多产重石脑油的实践

中海油惠州石化有限公司4.0 Mt/a加氢裂化装置采用RN-410C RHC-210 RHC-220催化剂级配,通过分馏系统改造进行了多产优质化工原料的产品结构升级。标定结果表明,以焦化蜡油掺入量(w)为20.16%、氮质量分数为0.1846%、密度(20℃)为0.910 g/cm^(3)的混合蜡油为原料,在入口总压力为15.18 MPa、精制段和裂化段平均温度分别为385.6℃和389.3℃、采用一次通过流程的条件下,氢耗为2.98%,重石脑油收率为35.23%,尾油收率为10.69%。石脑油、喷气燃料、柴油产品指标均在合格范围内,其中喷气燃料烟点可达30 mm,柴油十六烷指数可达72.3、多环芳烃质量分数为1%,尾油BMCI为12;装置能耗为21.91 kgOE t(1 kgOE=41.8 MJ),达到同类装置先进水平。重石脑油选择性从上周期的77.3%提高到了本周期的84.2%,表明催化剂级配及反应分区调控效果明显。

Renewable Diesel Fuel from Processing of Vegetable Oil in Hydrotreatment Units: Theoretical Compliance with European Directive 2009/28/EC and Ongoing Projects in Spain

Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.

Improving Winter Traction and Fuel Economy of Car Tires Using Naphthenic Tire Oils

Naphthenic tire oils were used in winter tire tread compounding. Properties of compounds were compared with similar compounds made of other safe tire oils. Retreaded passenger car winter tires were prepared using the compounds. Traction and rolling resistance of the tires were determined in different weather conditions.It was shown that naphthenie oils may lead to improvement of winter traction and rolling resistance without compromising other tire properties.

2012款长安马自达3星骋混合气过浓故障案例

可燃混合气指空气与燃油的混合物,研究表明1kg汽油完全燃烧需要14.7kg的空气,所以空气与燃油比例为14.7:1的可燃混合气称为理论混合气,其两者的占比不同会对汽车发动机的动力性能、燃油经济性和尾气排放等车辆主要指标参数产生显著的影响,当空气与燃油比例大于或小于14.7:1时,就会产生混合气过稀或过浓的问题。文章主要围绕当汽车出现混合气过浓问题时,如何通过电脑诊断和车辆实际使用情况综合分析混合气过浓产生的原因,判断故障问题所处位置并排除故障,最后提出防治措施,避免再次出现相同故障。

660 MW等级燃重油锅炉水冷壁高温硫腐蚀研究

本文介绍了某660 MW等级燃高硫份重油项目锅炉水冷壁腐蚀情况,探讨研究了炉膛水冷壁高温硫腐蚀机理,分析了该类型锅炉炉膛水冷壁产生高温腐蚀的具体原因,并针对性提出了防止腐蚀的措施。

中国成品油市场2022年回顾与2023年供需预测

2022年疫情防控工作贯穿全年社会生活,消费属性突出的汽油和航空煤油消费被抑制,替代能源持续增加,中国成品油消费量为3.26亿吨,与上年相比减少7%,创历史最大降幅。受需求萎缩、出口配额从紧管理等影响,成品油生产侧出现产能上升但产量下降的情况。汽柴油替代能源超过6500万吨,其中LNG占比达到63%。2023年,经济建设重新成为社会发展重心,消费修复,成品油增长动力回归;新炼厂产能释放,成品油市场将呈现供需两旺局面。预计2023年中国成品油消费量为3.60亿吨,与上年相比增长10.5%,汽油和煤油消费量将在低基数上实现两位数的高增长,柴油消费量微增;汽柴油替代能源消费量预计增长14%以上,增量主要来自电动力。