A Novel Three-stage Tectonic Model for Mississippi Valleytype Zn-Pb Deposits in Orogenic Fold-and-Thrust Belts

Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) Zn-Pb deposits predominantly form within both orogenic forelands and fold-andthrust belts, yet the mineralization process within the latter tectonic setting remains inadequately understood. This study, through a comprehensive review of MVT deposits across global fold-and-thrust belts, introduces a novel model elucidating the mineralization process in the context of tectonic belt evolution. It is demonstrated that during the stage Ⅰ, regional compression is introduced by early stages of plate convergence, causing the folding and thrusting and creating structural or lithological traps such as evaporite diapirs and unconformity-related carbonate dissolution-collapse structures. Thereafter, in stage Ⅱ, hydrocarbons begin to migrate and accumulate within these traps, where reduced sulfur is generated through thermochemical or bacterial sulfate reduction concurrent with or preceding Zn-Pb mineralization. In the subsequent stage Ⅲ, as plate convergence persists, the regional stress transitions from compression to transpression or extension. Under these conditions, steeply-dipping extensional faults are generated, facilitating the ascent of metalliferous brines into early-formed structural or lithological traps. Precipitation of Zn and Pb sulfides occurs through the mixing of Zn-Pb-transporting fluids with pre-existing reduced sulfur or by interaction with hydrocarbons.

Infrared Fault Detection Method for Dense Electrolytic Bath Polar Plate Based on YOLOv5s

Electrolysis tanks are used to smeltmetals based on electrochemical principles,and the short-circuiting of the pole plates in the tanks in the production process will lead to high temperatures,thus affecting normal production.Aiming at the problems of time-consuming and poor accuracy of existing infrared methods for high-temperature detection of dense pole plates in electrolysis tanks,an infrared dense pole plate anomalous target detection network YOLOv5-RMF based on You Only Look Once version 5(YOLOv5)is proposed.Firstly,we modified the Real-Time Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network(Real-ESRGAN)by changing the U-shaped network(U-Net)to Attention U-Net,to preprocess the images;secondly,we propose a new Focus module that introduces the Marr operator,which can provide more boundary information for the network;again,because Complete Intersection over Union(CIOU)cannot accommodate target borders that are increasing and decreasing,replace CIOU with Extended Intersection over Union(EIOU),while the loss function is changed to Focal and Efficient IOU(Focal-EIOU)due to the different difficulty of sample detection.On the homemade dataset,the precision of our method is 94%,the recall is 70.8%,and the map@.5 is 83.6%,which is an improvement of 1.3%in precision,9.7%in recall,and 7%in map@.5 over the original network.The algorithm can meet the needs of electrolysis tank pole plate abnormal temperature detection,which can lay a technical foundation for improving production efficiency and reducing production waste.

Fault Diagnosis of 5G Networks Based on Digital Twin Model

Fault diagnosis of 5G networks faces the challenges of heavy reliance on human experience and insufficient fault samples and relevant monitoring data.The digital twin technology can realize the interaction between virtual space and physical space through the fusion of model and data,providing a new paradigm for fault diagnosis.In this paper,we first propose a network digital twin model and apply it to 5G network diagnosis.We then use an improved Average Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty(AWGAN-GP)method to discover and predict failures in the twin network.Finally,we use XGBoost algorithm to locate the faults in physical network in real time.Extensive simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase fault prediction and diagnosis accuracy in the case of a small number of labeled failure samples in 5G networks.

Research on Remote Fault Detection System of Ceramic Kiln Based on 5G and IoT Technologies

In order to overcome the defects of the existing technology that the detection of ceramic electric kiln faults takes a long time and costs a lot,an electric kiln control and fault detection device was designed.The working process of the device includes detection module,control module,start⁃stop module and switch module.The detection module detects the resistance circuit and sends a fault signal to the control module.The control module generates stop signal and fault information according to the fault signal,and starts the electric kiln when the fault signal is not received within the preset time.The start⁃stop module can monitor the internal temperature of the electric kiln and control the closing status of the switch module.The switch module is used to control the connection status of AC power and each resistance circuit in the kiln.Based on the 5G DTU or 5G module,the control module could send the information to mobile terminal under the ultra⁃reliable and low⁃latency communication(uRLLC)technical characteristics of 5G communication.

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault （Suture） Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc （？） during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.

基于权重分摊的LeNet-5卷积神经网络防御策略

随着神经网络在自动驾驶、医疗诊断等关键领域的应用不断深入,如何确保神经网络的鲁棒性和安全性已成为当前研究的热点和挑战。在对抗攻击、数据中毒攻击、后门攻击等众多攻击方式中,随机翻转攻击是一种对安全性影响极大的攻击,其通过改变模型内部的权重参数来攻击网络,以降低网络性能。为应对此攻击方式,研究了一种基于权重分摊的防御策略。通过计算和分析权重的梯度来确定关键神经元,并为这些神经元添加冗余结构,使错误的权重最终被稀释,以提高模型的容错能力。为了验证这一防御策略,以LeNet-5模型为实验对象进行实验。实验表明,在相同的攻击条件下,经过防御后的模型相较于原始LeNet-5模型,容错精度提升了6.5%,相较于Inception-LeNet-5模型在全连接层上容错精度提升了1.9%。

Geological risk assessment of traffic engineering construction among 7.0-8.5 magnitude earthquake areas:Practice from the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

At least 13 active fault zones have developed in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,and there have been undergone 17 MS≥7.0 earthquakes,the largest earthquake is 1950 Chayu MS 8.5 earthquake,which has very strong seismic activity.Therefore,carrying out engineering construction in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor is a huge challenge for geological technological personnel.To determining the spatial geometric distribution,activity of active faults and geological safety risk in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.Based on remote sensing images,ground surveys,and chronological tests,as well as the deep geophysical and current GPS data,we investigated the geometry,segmentation,and paleoearthquake history of five major active fault zones in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,namely the Xianshuihe,Litang,Batang,Jiali-Chayu and Lulang-Yigong.The five major fault zones are all Holocene active faults,which contain strike-slip components as well as thrust or normal fault components,and contain multiple branch faults.The Selaha-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone,the Maoyaba and Litang segment of the Litang fault zone,the middle segment(Yigong-Tongmai-Bomi)of Jiali-Chayu fault zone and Lulang-Yigong fault zone have the risk of experiencing strong earthquakes in the future,with a high possibility of the occurrence of MS≥7.0 earthquakes.The Jinsha River and the Palong-Zangbu River,which is a high-risk area for geological hazard chain risk in the Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.Construction and safe operation Ya'an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor,need strengthen analysis the current crustal deformation,stress distribution and fault activity patterns,clarify active faults relationship with large earthquakes,and determine the potential maximum magnitude,epicenters,and risk range.This study provides basic data for understanding the activity,seismicity,and tectonic deformation patterns of the regional faults in the Sichuan-Tibet transport corridor.

5MW陆上风力发电系统故障建模与仿真

随着风电行业对系统稳定性要求的提高,对其进行准确的故障建模是十分必要的。以Openfast中提供的5 MW陆上风机模型为背景,建立了风电系统传感器和执行器故障模型,采用增益PI变桨距控制。在Simulink中搭建了控制子系统模型与其联合仿真,在此基础上对变桨系统的执行器以及转速传感器分别进行故障模拟,结果显示系统能够准确反映各种故障发生时的情况,验证了该故障模型具有一定的准确性,为后续的故障诊断和容错控制的工作提供了基础。

Cenozoic Denudation and Vertical Faulting History of the Central Segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt

Objective The uplift process and uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau has been a research focus among geologists in recent years. This work put emphasis on the Cenozoic exhumation histories of the blocks bounded by the major faults at the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, and the vertical faulting history, including the starting time and the total vertical displacement, of the major faults. Then we quantitatively established a complete active process for the central segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, combining with the previous geophysical data in the deep and geologcial data. This study is critical for deeply and completely understanding the Cenozoic uplift history of the Longmenshan, and also provides thermochronology constraints to the different models for the uplift of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

DSJ80/40/2×75型带式输送机状态监控与故障诊断系统设计研究

针对马脊梁矿带式输送机状态监控系统故障诊断误报警率高、无法定位故障位置的问题,进行状态监控与故障诊断系统设计研究。系统基于CAN和RS-485总线技术,主控制器基于LabVIEW平台运行,设计了控制单元模块、控制流程和人机交互界面,具有实时状态监测、故障类型与位置诊断以及远程集中控制带式输送机功能,对系统状态监测、控制模式与连锁控制、预报警和故障诊断、定位以及保护功能进行的现场测试结果显示,状态监测误差≤2.5%,控制与报警功能达到设计需求。

矿用视频监控系统5 V电源模块的优化改进研究

以某电源生产企业为例,分析该企业生产的矿用视频监控系统5 V电源模块故障情况,并剖析故障产生原因,然后根据原因提出相应的优化改进方案。经实践验证,改进效果理想,有效降低了5 V电源模块的故障率。

研究基于LeNet-5模型对广播电视发射机入射功率图的区分

为解决发射机入射故障隐患排查难题,提出采用LeNet-5模型加强入射功率图数字符号提取,在加强发射机运行监测的基础上,引入人工智能算法实现故障自动诊断和分析。通过设计发射机入射故障诊断系统,利用入射功率图样本数据优化建立系统模型,能够成功区分偶发性数据偏移和电压飘动,做到准确识别设备故障,为高质量开展设备检修维护工作提供有力技术支撑。

高5断块深层致密油水平井钻井关键技术实践

针对冀东油田高5断块深层致密油水平井钻井施工中出现的井壁易失稳、机械钻速慢、钻井周期长等技术难题,开展了致密油水平井钻井关键技术研究。综合考虑地层特征、钻井施工难度及钻井成本等因素,将高5断块深层致密油水平井优化为三开井身结构;依据致密油储层井位分布的特点、油层位置的空间变化,结合造斜点位置及工具造斜率的不确定性等因素,设计了“直-增-稳-增-稳-探层-水平段”七段制水平井井眼轨迹剖面;基于高5断块深部地层钻井工程地质特性分析结果,进行高效PDC钻头优化设计研究及配套提速工具的优选;针对深层致密油储层砂泥岩互层和井底温度高的特点,优选应用了高性能油基钻井液体系和地面降温处理系统。综上研究,逐步形成了一套适用于冀东油田高5断块深层致密油储层水平井钻井关键技术。目前已成功进行了首批6口井的钻井施工,最大完钻井深达到了5762 m,最长水平段1483 m,最短钻井周期为39.88 d。所得结论可为加快高5断块深层致密油储层开发进程提供技术保障,也为同类储层开发提供经验和参考依据。

基于改进YOLOv5s的带式输送机滚筒故障检测研究

针对目前带式输送机滚筒故障检测方法检测效率低、识别准确率不高、特征提取能力较差等问题,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5s的带式输送机滚筒故障检测方法。在YOLOv5s网络模型中增加了小尺寸检测层,使尺寸较小的滚筒故障更易被检测到;在Backbone和Neck间引入卷积注意力机制(CBAM),提高目标检测的准确率;在Neck中引入高效通道注意力机制(ECA),增强对滚筒故障的特征提取能力。实验结果表明:①在满足实时检测要求的前提下,改进YOLOv5s网络模型识别平均准确率均值达94.46%,较改进前提升了1.65%。②改进YOLOv5s网络模型对滚筒开焊、包胶磨损和包胶脱落检测的平均准确率分别为95.29%,96.43%,91.65%,较改进前分别提高了1.56%,0.89%和2.50%。设计了基于改进YOLOv5s的带式输送机滚筒故障检测系统,并对该系统进行验证:①实验平台测试结果表明:基于改进YOLOv5s的带式输送机滚筒故障检测系统对滚筒开焊、包胶磨损和包胶脱落检测的平均准确率分别达95.29%,96.43%,91.65%,3种故障检测的平均准确率均值达94.46%,检测速度约为14帧/s。②现场测试结果表明:包胶磨损和包胶脱落的置信度分别为0.92,0.97,且能准确地识别出滚筒的故障类型和位置,说明基于改进YOLOv5s的带式输送机滚筒故障检测系统具有可行性。

基于1D-LeNet-5模型的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

风力发电过程中,轴承能否正常运行关系到风电机组能否正常工作.针对现有基于深度学习的轴承故障诊断模型结构复杂、参数众多和训练困难的问题,提出了基于LeNet-5模型改进的一维卷积神经网络滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先,为了更大程度提取故障信息,引入短时傅里叶变换对原始振动信号进行预处理.其次,设计一维网络模型,其感受野更大,计算速度更快;同时,引入Leaky-ReLU激活函数,其对输入信号的细节处理能力更强;并且增加批归一化层和Dropout层,提高模型泛化能力.最后,利用训练后的模型进行故障诊断实验.结果表明,该方法在10类轴承故障分类中诊断准确率能够达到99.98%,针对风电机组轴承故障诊断具有较好的工程应用前景.

Characterising the nature, evolution and origin of detachment fault in central depression belt, Qiongdongnan Basin of South China Sea: evidence from seismic reflection data

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle below the Moho surface occurred at the region between Songnan-Baodao and Changchang sags, from east to west with the early-stage spreading of the South China Sea. Therefore, this study not only helps in depicting the structural features and evolution of the deep-water basin in the Qiongdongnan Basin, but also provides the geological and structural evidence for establishing a unified model of continental margin extension and oceanic spreading.

Three-dimensional crustal movement and the activities of earthquakes,volcanoes and faults in Hainan Island,China

Hainan Island is a seismic active region, where Qiongshan M7.5 earthquake occurred in 1605 and several seismic belts appeared in recent years, especially the NS trending seismic belt （NSB） located in the northeast part of the island. Here is also a magmatic active region. The lava from about 100 volcanoes covered more than 4000 km^2. The latest eruptions occurred on Ma＇anling-Lei Huling volcanoes within 10,000 years. The neotectonic movement has been determined by geological method in the island and its adjacent areas. In the paper, the present-day 3D crustal movement is obtained by using Global Positioning System （GPS） data observed from 2009 to 2014 and leveling observations measured in 1970s and 1990s respectively. The results show the horizontal movement is mainly along SEE direction relative to the Eurasian Plate. The velocities are between 4.01 and 6.70 mm/a. The tension rate near the NSB is less than I mm/a. The vertical movement shows the island uplifts as a whole with respect to the reference benchmark Xiuyinggang. The average uplifting rate is 2.4 mm/a. The rates are 2-3 mm/a in the northwest and 3-5mm/a in the northwest. It shows the deformation pattern of the southwest island is upward relative to the northeast, which is different from the result inferred from the coastal change and GPS. Haikou and its adjacent region present a subsidence in a long time. The southern part of the middle segment of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault uplifts relative to the northern. Meanwhile, the western part uplifts relative to the eastern NSB. The vertical crustal motion and the two normal faults nearly correspond to the terrain. The NSB is located along the Puqiangang-Dazhibo fault, which is assessed as a segmented fault with a dip of 80°-90° and party exposed. The 3D deformations and other studies reveal the present activities of earthquakes, volcanoes and the faults. The small earthquakes will still occur in the NS belt and the volcanoes are not active now.

Late Cretaceous Transpressional Fault System: A Case Study of the Yishu Fault Belt, Shandong Province, Eastern China

On the basis of field observations of the structures of three profiles from the Linshu region, deformation characteristics and the tectonic background of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic have been discussed in detail.Three structural profiles, whose deformations consist mainly of earlier transpressional faults and later normal faults, were developed for the Mengtuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group.Typical positive flower structures, duplex structures, and break-through faults were found in these profiles.On the basis of analyses of the structural deformation and previous geochronological studies, it was concluded that the earlier transpressional faults of the profiles were triggered by the sinistral transpression of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene, and that the later normal faults, formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene extension, truncated the earlier transpressional faults.With consideration of the tectonic evolution of the Tan-Lu fault belt and the different drift directions of the Pacific plate since the Cretaceous, we suggest that the major tectonic events of the Late Cretaceous–Neogene in eastern China were mainly controlled by the subduction of the Pacific plate.

A Large-scale Tertiary Salt Nappe Complex in the Leading Edge of the Kuqa Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt, the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin, northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene-Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene-Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequence is composed mainly of light grey halite, gypsum, marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold belt, in which the most fascinating structures are salt nappe complex. Based on field observation, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east-west for over 200 km and occurs along the west Qiulitag Mountains. Its thrusting displacement is over 30 km. The salt nappe complex appears as an arcuate zone projecting southwestwards along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the Paleocene-Eocene salt beds. The allochthonous nappes comprise large north-dipping faulting monoclines which are made up of Paleocene-Pliocene sediments. Geological analysis and cross-section restoration revealed that the salt nappes were mainly formed at the late Himalayan stage (c.a. 1.64 Ma BP) and have been active until the present day. Because of inhomogeneous thrusting, a great difference may exist in thrust displacement, thrust occurrence, superimposition of allochthonous and autochthonous sequences and the development of the salt-related structures, which indicates the segmentation along the salt nappes. Regional compression, gravitational gliding and spreading controlled the formation and evolution of the salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold belt.

Fault activity characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake

Fault deformation characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake are investigated through time-series and structural geological analysis based on cross-fault observation data from the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt. The results indicate： 1） Group short-term abnormal variations appeared in the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake. 2） More medium and short-term anomalies appear in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Mountain Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt, suggesting that the faults＇ activities are strong in these areas. The faults＇ activities in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Fault belt result from extensional stress, as before the earthquake, whereas those in the West Qinling Fault belt are mainly compressional. 3） In recent years, moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in both the Kunlun Mountain and the Qilian Mountain Fault belts, and some energy was released. It is possible that the seismicity moved eastward under this regime. Therefore, we should pay attention to the West Qinling Mountain area where an Ms6-7 earthquake could occur in future.