Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation ...Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation of new memories.Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is complex and multifaceted,and numerous signaling pathways converge to modulate cell proliferation,apoptosis,and clearance of cellular debris,as well as synaptic integration of newborn immature neurons.The expression of functional P2X7 receptors in the central nervous system has attracted much interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic receptor during adult neurogenesis has only recently begun to be explored.P2X7 receptors are exceptionally versatile:in their canonical role they act as adenosine triphosphate-gated calcium channels and facilitate calcium-signaling cascades exerting control over the cell via calcium-encoded sensory proteins and transcription factor activation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate cytokine release and facilitate extracellular communication,and when persistently stimulated by high extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,which induce apoptotic cell death through cytosolic ion dysregulation.Lastly,as a scavenger receptor P2X7 directly facilitates phagocytosis of the cellular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease states.Understanding how P2X7 receptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic models for regenerative medicine.This review considers the relevant aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 receptor activity may influence the molecular physiology of the hippocampus,and neural stem and progenitor cells.展开更多
Transportation consumes for about 27% of total energy. Almost 100% of the energy used for propelling transport vehicles is derived from petroleum resources. In Gaza Strip and West Bank, transportation consumes about 6...Transportation consumes for about 27% of total energy. Almost 100% of the energy used for propelling transport vehicles is derived from petroleum resources. In Gaza Strip and West Bank, transportation consumes about 60% of the total amount of imported fuel. The traffic congestion has a negative impact significantly on the environment because of the increased amount of fuel consumption and thus emissions of pollutants from vehicles. Serious traffic congestion is concentrated in the middle part of Gaza City, especially in major arterial roads such as Eljalaa Road. The congestion comes into view clearly in the segment of the street which consists of 5 consecutive signalized intersections. What makes the congestion even worse is the non-efficient traffic signal control;where each intersection is treated in isolation. The key solution to reduce the congestion and to save energy is to use signal coordination. Therefore, this study aims to redesign and coordinate the traffic signals along Eljalaa road using TRANSYT-7F Model. It aims also to compare between the traffic performance and the fuel consumption of the coordinated signals and the existing uncoordinated ones. The analysis and design are based on geometric data and manual traffic count. The results of comparison show a remarkable improvement of the traffic performance and energy saving of the studied area. There was a reduction of travel time, delay, stops and fuel consumption by 44%, 56%, 25% and 31% respectively. The level of service has been improved from F to D. Thus, it is recommended that signal coordination should be carried out at all arterial roads in Gaza city.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of CCR7/p-ERKI/2/VEGF signaling in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy （OIR）. METHODS： Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were evenly randomized into four groups： normoxia, OIR, OIR co...AIM： To investigate the role of CCR7/p-ERKI/2/VEGF signaling in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy （OIR）. METHODS： Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were evenly randomized into four groups： normoxia, OIR, OIR control （treated with scramble siRNA）, and OIR treated （treated with CCR7 siRNA）. Normoxia group was not specially handled. Postnatal day 7 （P7） mice in the OIR group were exposed to 75%±5% oxygen for 5d （P7-P12） and then maintained under normoxic conditions for 5d （P12-P17）. Mice in the OIR control and OIR treated groups were given injections of scramble or CCR7 siRNA plasmid on P12 before returning to normoxic conditions for 5d （P12-P17）. Retina samples were collected from all mice on P17, stained with adenosine diphosphatase （ADPase）, and retinal neovascularization （RNV） was assessed. Retinas were also stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） for RNV quantitation. The distribution and expression of CCR7, p-ERKI/2 and vas- cular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were assessed via immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. RESULTS： High oxygen promoted retinal neovascularization （P〈0.05） and increased the number of endothelial nuclei in new vessels extending from the retina to the vitreous body; CCR7 promoted this process （P〈0.05）. CCR7 and VEGF mRNA were expressed at higher levels in the OIR and OIR control groups than in the normoxia and OIR treated groups. CCR7, p-ERK1/2, and VEGF protein were expressed in the retinas of mice in the OIR and OIR control groups. Intravitreal injection of CCR7 siRNA significantly reduced CCR7, p-ERKI/2, and VEGF expression in the OIR mouse model （all P〈0.05）. CCR7 significantly enhancedthe neovascularization and non-perfusion areas in the OIR group （P〈0,05）, CCR7 siRNA significantly reduced levels of p-ERK1/2 and VEGF as compared to OIR controls （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that CCR7/p-ERK I/2NEGF signaling plays an important role in OIR, CCR7 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.展开更多
This paper describes the ISUP (ISDN User Part of CCSS7) conformance testing theory and method according to CCITT and China national standards, and presents a successful ISUP protocol conformance testing system in detail.
Aim Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）, a subtype of nAChR regulating neurotrans- mission in central nervous system, is an essential regulator of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in periphery. Th...Aim Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）, a subtype of nAChR regulating neurotrans- mission in central nervous system, is an essential regulator of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in periphery. The present study was to determine the effects of activation of α7nAChR on oxidant stress-induced injury in endo- thelial cells. Methods Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with H202 （400 μmol · L^-1） or H202plus PNU-282987 （ 10 μmol · L^-1 ）. Cell viability and membrane integrity were measured. AnnexinV ＋ PI assay, immunoblotting of bcl-2, bax and cleaved caspase-3, and immunofluorescence of apoptosis inducing factor （AIF） were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Protein expression of vascular peroxidase-1 （ VPO-1 ） and phosphor- JNK were measured by immunoblotting. Results Activation of α7nAChR by a selective agonist PNU-282987 pre-vented H202-indced decrease of cell viability and increase of lactate dehydrogenase release. Activation of α7nAChR markedly reduced cell apoptosis and intracellular oxidative stress level. Moreover, activation of α7nAChR reduced H2 02 -induced VPO-1 protein upregulation and JNK1/2 phosphorylation. The inhibitory effect of α7nAChR activa- tion on VPO-1 was blocked by JNK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, pretreatment of α7nAChR antagonist methyl- lycaconitine blocked the cytoprotective effect of PNU-282987. Conclusion These results provide the first evidence that activation of α7nAChR protects against oxidant stress-induced damage by suppressing VPO-1 in a JNK signa- ling pathway-dependent manner in endothelial cells.展开更多
Despite the proficiency of lithium(Li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of Li metal electrodes,challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede its progress.In this study,...Despite the proficiency of lithium(Li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of Li metal electrodes,challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede its progress.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive postmortem analysis utilizing ^(7)Li NMR,employing a stan-dard magic angle spinning probe to examine protective-layer coated Li metal electrodes and LiAg alloy electrodes against bare Li metal electrodes within Li metal batteries(LMBs).Our investigation explores the effects of sample burrs,alignment with the magnetic field,the existence of liquid electrolytes,and precycling on the ^(7)Li NMR signals.Through contrasting NMR spectra before and after cycling,we identi-fied alterations in Li^(0) and Li^(+) signals attributable to the degradation of the Li metal electrode.Our NMR analyses decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the protective layer in mitigating dendrite and solid elec-trolyte interphase formation.Moreover,we noted that Li*ions near the Li metal surface exhibit magnetic susceptibility anisotropy,revealing a novel approach to studying diamagnetic species on Li metal elec-trodes in LMBs.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for characterizing distinct lithium states within LMBs.展开更多
文摘Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation of new memories.Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is complex and multifaceted,and numerous signaling pathways converge to modulate cell proliferation,apoptosis,and clearance of cellular debris,as well as synaptic integration of newborn immature neurons.The expression of functional P2X7 receptors in the central nervous system has attracted much interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic receptor during adult neurogenesis has only recently begun to be explored.P2X7 receptors are exceptionally versatile:in their canonical role they act as adenosine triphosphate-gated calcium channels and facilitate calcium-signaling cascades exerting control over the cell via calcium-encoded sensory proteins and transcription factor activation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate cytokine release and facilitate extracellular communication,and when persistently stimulated by high extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,which induce apoptotic cell death through cytosolic ion dysregulation.Lastly,as a scavenger receptor P2X7 directly facilitates phagocytosis of the cellular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease states.Understanding how P2X7 receptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic models for regenerative medicine.This review considers the relevant aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 receptor activity may influence the molecular physiology of the hippocampus,and neural stem and progenitor cells.
文摘Transportation consumes for about 27% of total energy. Almost 100% of the energy used for propelling transport vehicles is derived from petroleum resources. In Gaza Strip and West Bank, transportation consumes about 60% of the total amount of imported fuel. The traffic congestion has a negative impact significantly on the environment because of the increased amount of fuel consumption and thus emissions of pollutants from vehicles. Serious traffic congestion is concentrated in the middle part of Gaza City, especially in major arterial roads such as Eljalaa Road. The congestion comes into view clearly in the segment of the street which consists of 5 consecutive signalized intersections. What makes the congestion even worse is the non-efficient traffic signal control;where each intersection is treated in isolation. The key solution to reduce the congestion and to save energy is to use signal coordination. Therefore, this study aims to redesign and coordinate the traffic signals along Eljalaa road using TRANSYT-7F Model. It aims also to compare between the traffic performance and the fuel consumption of the coordinated signals and the existing uncoordinated ones. The analysis and design are based on geometric data and manual traffic count. The results of comparison show a remarkable improvement of the traffic performance and energy saving of the studied area. There was a reduction of travel time, delay, stops and fuel consumption by 44%, 56%, 25% and 31% respectively. The level of service has been improved from F to D. Thus, it is recommended that signal coordination should be carried out at all arterial roads in Gaza city.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Planning Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2010225034)
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of CCR7/p-ERKI/2/VEGF signaling in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy （OIR）. METHODS： Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were evenly randomized into four groups： normoxia, OIR, OIR control （treated with scramble siRNA）, and OIR treated （treated with CCR7 siRNA）. Normoxia group was not specially handled. Postnatal day 7 （P7） mice in the OIR group were exposed to 75%±5% oxygen for 5d （P7-P12） and then maintained under normoxic conditions for 5d （P12-P17）. Mice in the OIR control and OIR treated groups were given injections of scramble or CCR7 siRNA plasmid on P12 before returning to normoxic conditions for 5d （P12-P17）. Retina samples were collected from all mice on P17, stained with adenosine diphosphatase （ADPase）, and retinal neovascularization （RNV） was assessed. Retinas were also stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） for RNV quantitation. The distribution and expression of CCR7, p-ERKI/2 and vas- cular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were assessed via immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. RESULTS： High oxygen promoted retinal neovascularization （P〈0.05） and increased the number of endothelial nuclei in new vessels extending from the retina to the vitreous body; CCR7 promoted this process （P〈0.05）. CCR7 and VEGF mRNA were expressed at higher levels in the OIR and OIR control groups than in the normoxia and OIR treated groups. CCR7, p-ERK1/2, and VEGF protein were expressed in the retinas of mice in the OIR and OIR control groups. Intravitreal injection of CCR7 siRNA significantly reduced CCR7, p-ERKI/2, and VEGF expression in the OIR mouse model （all P〈0.05）. CCR7 significantly enhancedthe neovascularization and non-perfusion areas in the OIR group （P〈0,05）, CCR7 siRNA significantly reduced levels of p-ERK1/2 and VEGF as compared to OIR controls （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that CCR7/p-ERK I/2NEGF signaling plays an important role in OIR, CCR7 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.
文摘This paper describes the ISUP (ISDN User Part of CCSS7) conformance testing theory and method according to CCITT and China national standards, and presents a successful ISUP protocol conformance testing system in detail.
文摘Aim Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）, a subtype of nAChR regulating neurotrans- mission in central nervous system, is an essential regulator of cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in periphery. The present study was to determine the effects of activation of α7nAChR on oxidant stress-induced injury in endo- thelial cells. Methods Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with H202 （400 μmol · L^-1） or H202plus PNU-282987 （ 10 μmol · L^-1 ）. Cell viability and membrane integrity were measured. AnnexinV ＋ PI assay, immunoblotting of bcl-2, bax and cleaved caspase-3, and immunofluorescence of apoptosis inducing factor （AIF） were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Protein expression of vascular peroxidase-1 （ VPO-1 ） and phosphor- JNK were measured by immunoblotting. Results Activation of α7nAChR by a selective agonist PNU-282987 pre-vented H202-indced decrease of cell viability and increase of lactate dehydrogenase release. Activation of α7nAChR markedly reduced cell apoptosis and intracellular oxidative stress level. Moreover, activation of α7nAChR reduced H2 02 -induced VPO-1 protein upregulation and JNK1/2 phosphorylation. The inhibitory effect of α7nAChR activa- tion on VPO-1 was blocked by JNK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, pretreatment of α7nAChR antagonist methyl- lycaconitine blocked the cytoprotective effect of PNU-282987. Conclusion These results provide the first evidence that activation of α7nAChR protects against oxidant stress-induced damage by suppressing VPO-1 in a JNK signa- ling pathway-dependent manner in endothelial cells.
基金the Basic Research Project(C123000,C210200,C310200,&C421000)of the Korea Basic Science Institute(KBSI)funded by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by MSIT(NRF-2021M1A2A2038141).O.H.Han thanks to Prof.I.S.Yang at Ewha Womans University for insightful discussion.
文摘Despite the proficiency of lithium(Li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of Li metal electrodes,challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede its progress.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive postmortem analysis utilizing ^(7)Li NMR,employing a stan-dard magic angle spinning probe to examine protective-layer coated Li metal electrodes and LiAg alloy electrodes against bare Li metal electrodes within Li metal batteries(LMBs).Our investigation explores the effects of sample burrs,alignment with the magnetic field,the existence of liquid electrolytes,and precycling on the ^(7)Li NMR signals.Through contrasting NMR spectra before and after cycling,we identi-fied alterations in Li^(0) and Li^(+) signals attributable to the degradation of the Li metal electrode.Our NMR analyses decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the protective layer in mitigating dendrite and solid elec-trolyte interphase formation.Moreover,we noted that Li*ions near the Li metal surface exhibit magnetic susceptibility anisotropy,revealing a novel approach to studying diamagnetic species on Li metal elec-trodes in LMBs.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for characterizing distinct lithium states within LMBs.
