Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

Practical operation and theoretical basis of difference-in-difference regression in science of science:The comparative trial on the scientific performance of Nobel laureates versus their coauthors

Purpose:In recent decades,with the availability of large-scale scientific corpus datasets,difference-in-difference(DID)is increasingly used in the science of science and bibliometrics studies.DID method outputs the unbiased estimation on condition that several hypotheses hold,especially the common trend assumption.In this paper,we gave a systematic demonstration of DID in the science of science,and the potential ways to improve the accuracy of DID method.Design/methodology/approach:At first,we reviewed the statistical assumptions,the model specification,and the application procedures of DID method.Second,to improve the necessary assumptions before conducting DID regression and the accuracy of estimation,we introduced some matching techniques serving as the pre-selecting step for DID design by matching control individuals who are equivalent to those treated ones on observational variables before the intervention.Lastly,we performed a case study to estimate the effects of prizewinning on the scientific performance of Nobel laureates,by comparing the yearly citation impact after the prizewinning year between Nobel laureates and their prizewinning-work coauthors.Findings:We introduced the procedures to conduct a DID estimation and demonstrated the effectiveness to use matching method to improve the results.As a case study,we found that there are no significant increases in citations for Nobel laureates compared to their prizewinning coauthors.Research limitations:This study ignored the rigorous mathematical deduction parts of DID,while focused on the practical parts.Practical implications:This work gives experimental practice and potential guidelines to use DID method in science of science and bibliometrics studies.Originality/value:This study gains insights into the usage of econometric tools in science of science.

The Nobel Prize winners will be among these candidates

“Who will win the Nobel Prize this year” attracts lots of attentions at every year’s end of September and begining of October recent years. Several prizes, e.g. the Wolf prize, Lasker prize, Gairdner prize, etc., have been treated as the predictors of the Nobel Prize.

美国LIGO真的发现了引力波吗?——质疑引力波理论概念及2017年度Nobel物理奖

2015年9月14日,美国激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)的2个检测器几乎同时收到一个瞬态信号;据此LIGO团队宣布说:“我们已从两个黑洞的合并观测到引力波,因为检测到的波形与广义相对论的预测一致”。相关的论文发表在2016年2月12日出版的刊物《Phys.Rev.Lett》上。后来LIGO又不断发布探测到引力波的消息,前4次说是由双黑洞合并产生的,第5次(2017年10月16日宣布)是由双中子星合并产生的。2017年10月3日Nobel委员会宣布,LIGO的3位美国科学家获得当年的Nobel物理奖。

Nobel Replace系统与AnKylos系统对前牙修复种植体周围组织影响的临床比较

目的:比较Nobel Replace系统与粗糙水平平台转化技术(AnKylos系统)对前牙种植修复患者红色美学指数、种植体周围骨水平及3年累积存留率的影响。方法:选取笔者医院2014年6月-2015年6月收治的前牙缺失患者40例,按照随机数字表法分为Nobel Replace组和AnKylos组,每组20例。比较两组患者采用不同方式修复后红色美学指数、种植体周围骨水平、3年累积存留率,以及修复期间并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者经修复后红色美学指数均显著增加,且修复后2年内AnKylos组的红色美学指数显著高于Nobel Replace组(P<0.05)。两组患者经修复后种植体周围骨吸收量均显著增加,且AnKylos组负重6个月、12个月种植体周围骨吸收量显著低于Nobel Replace组(P<0.05)。经治疗后,AnKylos系统的3年累积存留率为100%,显著高于Nobel Replace系统(86.67%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主要并发症为种植体松动、折断以及修复体松动和崩瓷,两组并发症发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:AnKylos系统对于前牙种植修复的效果显著优于Nobel Replace系统,AnKylos系统可有效提高红色美学指数,改善种植体周围骨水平,并增加3年累积存留率。

Nobel clinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术在磨牙缺失修复中的应用研究

目的:研究Nobelclinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术在磨牙缺失的应用效果,为临床应用提供指导。方法:选择2016年10月-2018年10月在笔者医院进行手术的86例上颌磨牙缺失患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组:采用常规上颔窦内提升术;观察组:在Nobelclinician软件引导下进行上颌窦内提升术,两组均使用nobelreplace种植体种植。比较两组患者的种植体存留率及种植体周围组织情况[包括术前上颌窦底距牙槽嵴骨高度(Bone height of the maxillary sinus floor from the alveolar ridge,RBH)、术后6个月新骨获得量、术后1年垂直骨丧失、牙周探诊深度(Periodontal probing depth,PPD)];比较两组患者治疗后的X片检查结果及治疗满意度。结果:观察组的RBH、PPD及术后1年垂直骨丧失均显著小于对照组,术后6个月新骨获得量显著大于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后随访6个月,观察组的种植体存留率(100.00%)与对照组(94.55%)相比,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),X片检查结果显示,两组患者的种植体及周围骨组织均结合良好,术后1年均已生成新的上颌窦底壁。观察组患者的满意度(100.00%)显著高于对照组(90.70%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Nobelclinician软件引导上颌窦内提升术能够降低垂直骨丧失量,增加新骨获得量,有助于提高磨牙缺失修复的美学效果,提高患者满意度。

CDIC牙种植体和Nobel Biocare牙种植体临床疗效及安全性评价

目的:系统评价应用CDIC牙种植体和Nobel Biocare牙种植体治疗牙列缺损或牙列缺失的临床疗效及安全性,为临床实践与研究提供参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library CNKI、WanfanData、CBM、VIP数据库,同时辅以其他检索,收集所有CDIC牙种植体和Nobel牙种植体治疗牙列缺损或牙列缺失的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2013年1月22日。由2名评价员按照纳入标准筛选文献、提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入32个Nobel牙种植体的RCT,共7430例患者5年随访结果显示,Brnemark系统(Nobel Biocare AB,Gteborg,Sweden)的平均边缘骨水平变化为0.75 mm,95%CI(-0.802,-0.693)。仅纳入2个CDIC牙种植体的中文RCT,共826例患者。因纳入研究存在明显统计学异质性,故仅进行定性分析,2个研究结果分别表明CDIC和Nobel组在0.5年、1、2、3、5年的累计存留率和生物学并发症发生率的差异均无统计学意义,但CDIC组的机械并发症的发生率高于Nobel组。结论:现有有限研究证据表明,应用CDIC牙种植体和Nobel牙种植体治疗牙列缺损或牙列缺失都可以取得可预见的稳定的临床疗效和安全性。但因纳入研究的方法学质量不高、样本量小,其疗效和安全性评价尚需更多大样本高质量的RCT验证。

Winning a Nobel Prize

A man is driving down a country road,when he spots a farmer standing in the middle of a huge field of grass.He pulls the car over to the side of the road and notices that the farmer is just standing there, doing nothing,looking at nothing.

Nobel Replace系统与平台转换不同连接方式种植体对周围组织影响的对比分析

目的:对比分析Nobel Replace系统与平台转换不同连接方式种植体对周围组织影响。方法:回顾性分析2014年11月~2016年11月我院98例牙齿缺失患者,根据数字法分为观察组以及对照组,每组各49例。观察组在治疗过程中施以平台转换连接,对照组行Nobel Replace系统连接,观察并对比两组连接方式对于四周组织的影响。结果:观察组对边缘骨吸收量为(0.51±0.04)mm,明显少于对照组的(1.77±0.06)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的切牙、尖牙以及前磨牙对于边缘骨吸收量显著少于对照组。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者连接方式效果优者占67.35%(33/49),优良率为97.96%(48/49),显著高于对照组的42.86%(21/49)以及77.55%(38/49),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经过不同连接方式处理之后,观察组软组织红色美学评分明显高于对照组。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:平台转换连接种植体对于周围组织而言,能够有效降低骨吸收量,提升美学效果,值得推荐使用。

从近年Nobel奖项看生命科学进展

本文分析了近20年（1989－2008）诺贝尔生理学或医学奖以及化学奖中与生命科学有关的奖项资料.从基因表达调控与基因技术、细胞周期与细胞凋亡的分子机制、细胞信号转导的分子机制、泛素介导的蛋白质降解机制以及病原体研究5个方面进行概要归纳.它展示了近20年生命科学的发展历程,供广大科研、教学人员及研究生参考.

This year's Nobel Prize to gastroenterology:Robin Warren and Barry Marshall awarded for their discovery of Helicobacter pylori as pathogen in the gastrointestinal tract

TO THE EDITORPeptic ulcer disease is a major health care concern in the society today, in view of personal suffering as well as economical health care costs.

Nobel(诺贝尔)种植磁性覆盖义齿修复下颌牙列缺失的应用价值

目的：研究Nobel（诺贝尔）种植体磁性修复下颌牙列缺失的应用价值。方法63例下牙列缺失的患者分为全口义齿组（29例）和种植体组（34例），比较两组患者的治疗满意度和患者的咀嚼功能，种植体组患者治疗后1、3、6、12、24、36个月各复诊一次，检查种植体有无脱落。结果34例患者各植入3～5个种植体不等，所有患者共植入129个种植体，其中2个种植体失败。全口义齿组患者满意度79．31％，种植体组患者满意度94．12％，两组差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；种植体组患者杏仁和枣的咀嚼率明显高于全口义齿组（P＜0．05）。复查结束后种植体存留率98．43％。结论 Nobel（诺贝尔）种植体可明显提高患者的咀嚼率，种植体脱落率较低，对患者影响小。

“Sparking”and“Igniting”Key Publications of 2020 Nobel Prize Laureates

Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-cited influential research among the key publications as mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee for the 2020 Noble Prize laureates.Specifically,we extracted data from the Web of Science,and calculated the Sparking Indices using the formulas as proposed by Hu and Rousseau in 2016 and 2017.In addition,we identified another type of igniting articles based on the notion in 2017.Findings:In the fields of medicine and physics,the proportions of articles with sparking characteristics share 78.571%and 68.75%respectively,yet,in chemistry 90%articles characterized by"igniting".Moreover,the two types of articles share more than 93%in the work of the Nobel Prize included in this study.Research limitations:Our research did not cover the impact of topic,socio-political,and author’s reputation on the Sparking Indices.Practical implications:Our study shows that the Sparking Indices truly reflect influence of the best research work,so it can be used to detect under-cited influential articles,as well as identifying fundamental work.Originality/value:Our findings suggest that the Sparking Indices have good applicability for research evaluation.

An inspiration to the studies on mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion action derived from 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The editorial board of Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine recently convened an academic seminar with a focus on studies regarding the mechanisms mediating acupuncture efficacy and moxibustion action inspired by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Specifically,Professor Bailong Xiao introduced the Nobel Prize for research on the mechanically activated Piezo ion channel,evaluating the structure of the Piezo channel and its physiological and pathological functions,and proposed a possible role for the Piezo channel in acupuncture mechanical stimulation.Professor Michael Xi Zhu introduced the discovery of the transient receptor potential(TRP)family,reporting that the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine and acupuncture may be achieved via the TRP family,and that information regarding associations between the meridian and lymphatic systems may have important research and medical value.In addition,Professor Tianle Xu reviewed the history of ion channel research,particularly the physiological and pharmacological effects of non-classical ion channels(eg,the acid sensing ion channel family)and pointed out that the characterization and neural circuits of acupuncture deqi manipulation are important for elucidating the mechanisms of acupuncture actions.Professor Yongming Li similarly proposed that the 2021 Nobel Prize may open the door to disclosing the histological basis of acupuncture and moxibustion and analyzing the main scientific concerns regarding the clinical translation of acupuncture and moxibustion from basic to translational research.Finally,Professor Yi Guo summarized the study progress of the acupoint microenvironment induced by acupuncture over the course of nearly 30 years and put forward the hypothesis that acupuncture may initiate the physical-chemical coupling network by activating ion channel receptors in acupoints via physical and mechanical stimulation.Therefore,we conclude that a primary achievement of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is in helping interpret how acupuncture and moxibustion adjust homeostasis(ie,by activating mechanical and thermal sensation),which is conducive to validating and promoting the clinical efficacy of acupuncture modalities.

Animal models and experimental medicine and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021-TRPV and PIEZO receptors for temperature and touch sensation

1|INTRODUCTION For decades,experimental animal models have been powerful tools for biomedical research and have supported most of the physiological or medical achievements recognized by Nobel Prizes,including the research that won this year's Physiology or Medicine Prize.On 4th October 2021,the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian"for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch."1 Their discoveries have profoundly changed our view of how we sense the world around us2.

Discourses Analysis of Nobel Banquet Speech-on Case Study of Mo Yan

First started in 1901, the Nobel Prized, considered as the most prestigious honor of each field in the world, is awarded by Scandinavian committees in recognition of a number of advances in various aspects. By convention, winners of each prize would give the speech in the Nobel banquet. Mo yan, the first Chinese who won the Nobel Prize for literature, has encouraged much people in the rest of china. This assignment specially compares the two speeches scripts (impromptu speech script and prepared speech script) of Mo yan in Nobel banquet to make a discourse analysis, trying to reveals their features and comprends their implications.

A Review of Toni Morrison’s Nobel Prize Speech

Beginning with an old story, Toni Morrison uses her unique method to tell us the functions of language and her perspectives of language and literature. From this story, we can understand her writing standpoint and her determination of making contributions to her nation and people. This paper tries to review her speech given in the Nobel Prize in Literature from four aspects. They are the introduction and comprehension of the story, narrative point of view, discourse and power and feminist criticism.

Nobel种植系统微创种植术治疗老年牙列缺损患者的围手术期护理效果

目的探讨Nobel种植系统微创种植术治疗老年牙列缺损患者的围手术期护理效果。方法选取2017年5月至2018年5月在天津市河西区口腔医院老年口腔科行Nobel种植系统微创种植术的100例老年牙列缺损患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用围手术期护理,比较两组手术时间、疼痛消失时间以及术后抗生素使用时间,同时记录两组负重前、负重6个月及1年的近、远中骨吸收情况。结果干预后,两组手术时间、疼痛消失时间以及术后抗生素使用时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。负重前,两组近、远中骨吸收情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);负重后6个月及1年时近、远中骨吸收情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对行Nobel种植系统微创种植术的老年牙列缺损患者予以围手术期护理能有效缩短手术时间、术后疼痛时间以及服用抗生素时间,同时还能明显减少患者手术后骨吸收情况。