Effect of scanning speed during PTA remelting treatment on the microstructure and wear resistance of nodular cast iron

The surface of nodular cast iron （NCI） with a ferrite substrate was rapidly remelted and solidified by plasma transferred arc （PTA） to induce a chilled structure with high hardness and favorable wear resistance. The effect of scanning speed on the microstructure, micro-hardness distribution, and wear properties of PTA-remelted specimens was systematically investigated. Microstructural characterization in-dicated that the PTA remelting treatment could dissolve most graphite nodules and that the crystallized primary austenite dendrites were transformed into cementite, martensite, an interdendritic network of ledeburite eutectic, and certain residual austenite during rapid solidifica-tion. The dimensions of the remelted zone and its dendrites increase with decreased scanning speed. The microhardness of the remelted zone varied in the range of 650 HV0.2 to 820 HV0.2, which is approximately 2.3-3.1 times higher than the hardness of the substrate. The wear re-sistance of NCI was also significantly improved after the PTA remelting treatment.

Effects of Light and Heavy Rare Earths on Anti-Degradation of Nodular Cast Iron

The effects of rare earths with different contents on anti-degradation of Y base heavy rare earths-magnesium and cerium base light rare earths-magnesium nodular cast iron were studied. Curves of the relationship between the spheroidization grade of liguid iron treated by different nodulizers and holding time were obtained. The results show that the more the remains of the rare earth, the longer the anti-degradation time, the liquid iron was treated either by Y-Mg-Si or by Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. When the rare earth remains are above certain quantity, the spheroidization grade starts to decline. When liquid iron treated by either Y-Mg-Si or Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer with proper remains of rare earths about 0.04% 0.06%（mass fraction）, the anti-degradation is the best, and the remains of Mg being about 0.04% -0.07% （mass fraction）. Rare earths-Mg nodulizer with moderate RE remains is better than that of Mg-Si nodulizer in anti-degradation property. However, Y-Mg-Si nodulizer with moderate remins of Re is better than Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. Sometimes Ce-Mg- Si nodulizer can be used for the production of heavy section nodular cast iron.

Centrifugal Casting of High Speed Steel/Nodular Cast Iron Compound Roll Collar

The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied,and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed.The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality.By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting,high quality roll collar was obtained.The cause,why in the casting of HSS part,segregation appears easily,was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward,the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.

SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF VC PARTICLES IN FERRITIC NODULAR CAST IRON

Size distribution and precipitation of VC particles in ferritic nodular cast iron have been examined by techniques of ultrasonic screening,small angle X-ray scattering and chemical dissolution.The VC particles are sized over a wide range.The superfine ones, dispersed in the ferritic matrix,are the majority.A saturated dispersion with ultrafine VC particles may be approached as the V content increasing in the iron.Thi5 seems to play an important role in the precipitation strengthening for ferritic nodular cast iron.

DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECT OF Ce IN RE BEARING DUCTILE IRON

The dependence of nodularization of graphite upon Ce content in RE bearing nodular cast iron,prepared by directional solidification,has been investigated by electrolytic extraction-radioisotope assay analysis of Ce in each phase of the iron together with measurement of nodulized graphite.Results show that the Ce occurs mainly as alloyed form. In the graphite phase,the Ce content is believed to be characterization of nodularization.The graphite would completely nodulized only the Ce is over a certain content in graphite phase.

Damage Mechanics of Ferrite Ductile Iron under Uniaxial Stress

According to the principle of damage mechanics,the damage characteristics of ferrite nodular cast iron under uniaxial stress were studied by measuring electric resistance. The results show that the damage in nodular cast iron occurs when the applied stress is more than a certain extent,and the damage variable increases with stress. The evolutional law of damage variable as a function of stress was obtained.The damage threshold of nodular cast iron increases with nodularity,but it is below the yield strength,which provides reference significance to the design of machinery structure and the choice of materials.The critical damage variable is not related to the nodularity,which is about 0. 060-0. 068.

MICROCOMPUTER PICTURE PROCESSING SYSTEM OF CAST-IRON METALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE

The development of computer picture processing technique in metallography analysis is dealed with and a picture processing procedure fit to metallography analysis is developed. The image processing of nodular cast iron is carried out with this system

Microstructure and properties of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs for plunger pump cylinder

It is important to improve the comprehensive performance of the ductile iron bars(DIBs)for the cylinder block of the extra high pressure hydraulic plunger pump and accelerate the industrial application.In this work,the LZQT600-3 DIBs with the diameter of 145 mm were prepared by the horizontal continuous casting(HCC)process,that is,LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs.The microstructure and room temperature tensile properties of different sections[left-edge(surface layer),left-1/2R(left half of the radius),and the center of the HCCDIBs]were studied.The results show that the spheroidization of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs matrix from the left-edge,left-1/2R to the center is at nodulizing grade II and above.As the cooling rate gradually decreases from surface to the center of the HCCIBs,the number of spheroidized graphite is gradually reduced,the size is gradually increased,the shape factor is decreased,and the pearlite content and lamellate spacing are increased.Along the horizontal direction of the section,the hardness of the material is distributed symmetrically around the center of the HCCDIBs.In the vertical direction,the hardness distribution in the center of the HCCDIBs is asymmetrical due to the gravity during the solidification process.Therefore,the microstructure in the lower part of the section solidifies relatively quickly.The left-edge has the best tensile mechanical properties,and the ultimate tensile strength,yield tensile strength and elongation are 597.3 MPa,418.5 MPa and 9.6%,respectively.The tensile fracture belongs to the ductile-brittle hybrid fracture.The comprehensive performances of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs meet the actual application requirements of ultra-high pressure hydraulic plunger pump cylinder.

Thermal Fatigue Behavior and Cracking Characteristics of High Si-Mo Nodular Cast Iron for Exhaust Manifolds

The thermal fatigue cracking behavior of high Si-Mo nodular cast iron （NCI） is investigated by means of optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscope （EDS）, in order to find a new material used in exhaust manifolds in First Automotive Works （FAW） .Nodular cast irons with silicon content about 4.7% , in combination with up to 1.1% molybdenum , were produced by Jilin University and FAW. The repeated heating / cooling test was performed under cyclic heating at various maximum heating temperatures （Tmax） ranging from 800to 900℃.Experimental results indicate that the thermal fatigue cracking resistance of high Si-Mo NCI decreases with increasing the maximum heating temperature.The periods for crack initiation are 24-36 , 40-50and 70-90times associated with heating temperature of 900 , 850and 800℃ , respectively , when the holding time is about 10min at Tmax.When thermal fatigue cracking occurs , the cracking always initiates at the bigger surface of specimen.The major positions of cracks propagation are generally at the eutectic oxide boundary region and the region of the graphite disappearance.At the same time , the oxidation may accelerate crack initiation and propagation.On the other hand , micro-crack number varied from large to little because of shielding effect.As exhaust manifolds , the reasonable working temperature of high Si-Mo NCI is no more than 840℃ by test and analysis.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nodular Cast Iron Produced by Melted Metal Die Forging Process

The microstructure and mechanical properties of nodular cast iron produced by the melted metal die forging process （MMDF for short） were experimentally researched.The main obtained results are ： the nodular cast iron produced by this process can be machined as easy as traditional one only if holding at the remained temperature for 4 h ; its strength and plasticity are obviously higher than those of traditional ones ; the graphite size arrived at grade 8 , and the graphite spheroidizing arrived at grade 1 or 2 , but a streamline molded distribution of the graphite slightly appeared.Both of the strength and plasticity increased with the pressure when the pressure holding time was larger than its critical value.A new way to produce high properties nodular cast iron was provided.

Effect of Mineral on Metallurgical Coke Solution Loss Reaction in Blast Furnace

According to the principle of damage mechanics, the damage characteristics of ferrite nodular cast iron under uniaxial stress were studied by measuring electric resistance. The results show that the damage in nodular cast iron occurs when the applied stress is more than a certain extent, and the damage variable increases with stress. The evolutional law of damage variable as a function of stress was obtained. The damage threshold of nodular cast iron increases with nodularity, but it is below the yield strength, which provides reference significance to the design of machinery structure and the choice of materials. The critical damage variable is not related to the nodularity, which is about 0 060-0 068.

Effects of Cr Content and Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of Cast Ausferrite Nodular Iron

The effects of Cr content and annealing temperature on abrasive wear characteristics of cast ausferrite nodular iron were investigated with Suga type abrasive wear tester. The surface morphology and Vickers hardness of the tested samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, digital microscope and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the cast ausferrite nodular iron could be obtained by alloying with Cr in the as-cast ductile cast iron and permanent mold casting, and the bainite content in the matrix increased with increasing Cr content. However, the decomposition of bainite took place during annealing at 500 °C to 800 °C; especially, at 800 °C, the bainite transformed into a mixture of fine lamellar pearlite and ferrite matrix structure. The wear loss of specimens was reduced with increasing Cr content in the cast ausferrite nodular iron. The wear loss of the sample cast ausferrite nodular iron with 0.4mass% Cr is the least. The wear loss began to increase while the Cr content is 0.6mass%. The wear loss of annealed ductile irons at different annealing temperatures was higher than that of as-cast samples. During the abrasive wear, the shear stress transformed austenite to martensite, and the hardness of specimens increased and the wear resistance of as-cast ductile cast iron was improved.

Conversion Excess Coal Gas to Dimethyl Ether in Steel Works

The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied, and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed. The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality. By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting, high quality roll collar was obtained. The cause, why in the casting of HSS part, segregation appears easily, was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward, the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.

Chilling Tendency and Chill of Cast Iron

An analytical expression is presented for the susceptibility of liquid cast iron to solidify according to the Fe-C-X metastable system （also known as the chilling tendency of cast iron, CT）. The analysis incorporates the nucleation and growth processes associated with the eutectic transformation. The CT is related to the physicochemical state of the liquid, the eutectic cells in the flake graphite, and the number of nodules in nodular cast iron. In particular, the CT can be related to the critical wall thickness, Scr, or the chill width, Wcr, in wedge shaped castings. Finally, this work serves as a guide for understanding the effect of technical factors such as the melt chemistry, the spheroidizing and inoculation practice, and the holding time and temperature on the resultant CT and chill of the cast iron. Theoretical calculations of Sc, and Wc, compare well with experimental data for flake graphite and nodular cast iron.