Date of First Thinning in a Very High-Density Eucalyptus Plantation in the Pointe-Noire Region (Republic of Congo)

Management of the Pointe-Noire Forest requires high-performance tools for simulating tree and stand growth and assessing the sustainability of plantations. Modelling the dynamics of even-aged and mono-species stands is a very active research topic. The approaches adopted by researchers vary according to the objectives and species considered: dendrometrical, Eco physiological or architectural. Thanks to the particular nature of these plantations and the trial set-up, it will be possible to explore the various aspects of production, clearly separating the part linked to genetics (three clones tested) from the part linked to the environment (via fertilisation) and the part associated with competition between trees (via planting densities and thinning regimes). This study will make a major contribution to the applicability of the self-thinning line and the RDI (Reineke Density Index) (Reineke, 1933) to fast-growing plantations. This research work will contribute to two points: 1) product diversification, which is a way of coping with international variations in timber markets, and 2) understanding how ecosystems function in exceptionally poor conditions, which will then enable the environmental impacts of the various recommended silvicultural itineraries to be assessed. The results obtained show that competition between trees in a stand of eucalyptus at very high density (10,000 stems/ha) and in two environments of very contrasting fertility is different depending on the clone. The decision on the date of the first thinning with a view to silviculture for timber and energy wood, which aims to ensure sustained and sustainable production of eucalyptus wood in these soils, should be taken between 12 and 14 months. The competition band is strong between 14 and 17 months, when the RDI = 0.8 is double that observed at 12 months.

黑色电影的黑色风格解析

黑色电影是一种风格、氛围和情绪的表达,以其独特的黑色风格实现了对社会问题的折射和对人性的反思与批判。硬汉派小说和德国表现主义都对黑色电影的发展产生了深远的影响。电影中第一人称的非线性叙事结构打乱了时空顺序,加深了故事的绝望和宿命感。女性角色多为阴险而又强大的“蛇蝎美人”,体现了当时社会充满矛盾的女性观念。黑色电影善于运用低调影像、高反差照明等拍摄手法营造阴郁、悲观的影像空间。

美国经典黑色电影中男性形象类型探析

依据故事主题,美国经典黑色电影大致可以分为犯罪冒险类、战后老兵类和硬汉侦探类三类。与此对应,这三类电影分别呈现了法律逾越者、战后回归者以及城市追逐者三种不同类型的男性形象。在前两类人物身上,男性气质彻底失落,男性中心权力结构遭毁,焦虑与恐惧、困惑与幻灭集于一身,男性形象危机显而易见;在后一类人物身上,则体现出试图重构男性气质的努力和希望。在梦魇般的世界中,美国经典黑色电影呈现了这三类男性形象,并以此不断突显社会意识形态意涵,寻求社会批判的可能途径。

罪与罚:黑色电影中的城市影像与空间建构

电影的发展与都市的成长紧密相联,20世纪上半叶兴起的黑色电影以美国的现代化城市为环境背景,记录了大量的城市影像。该文借由黑色电影对“大都市”的想象、建构和表达,结合对早期经典影片的分析,从建筑学角度研究黑色电影与城市空间的互动关系,探讨电影对城市的表达方式,揭示城市空间如何参与电影叙事,拓展对黑色电影空间的理解边界,探究城市空间建构的新路径。

纳米零价铁对武威产区黑比诺葡萄新梢和叶片生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】探究叶面喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁肥对河西走廊武威产区黑比诺葡萄植株光合特性及生长发育的影响。【方法】以甘肃武威市依诺酒庄的黑比诺酿酒葡萄为材料,设置5个不同质量浓度纳米零价铁肥喷施处理T1(5 mg·L^(-1))、T2(10 mg·L^(-1))、T3(15 mg·L^(-1))、T4(20 mg·L^(-1))、T5(25 mg·L^(-1))和1个清水喷施作为对照(CK),喷施时间6月18日开始,每隔15 d喷一次,共5次,每个处理选取长势良好、整齐一致的葡萄树植株54株,试验设3次重复,测定其叶片SPAD值、叶面积、新梢长度和粗度、叶片荧光参数等指标。【结果】喷施不同浓度的纳米零价铁对葡萄植株新梢基部粗度、节间长度、叶绿素相对含量以及叶面积均具有促进作用。此外,处理较CK相比,叶片光合作用和光能吸收与传递作用明显增加,且能不同程度地增加葡萄叶片的SPAD值,且以T5(25 mg·L^(-1))处理最佳;各处理叶片初始荧光(F0)随着纳米零价铁肥喷施呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;其次,叶面喷施不同浓度纳米零价铁肥可不同程度地提高叶片实际光化学效率(花后60~90 d)、光化学淬灭系数(花后30~45 d)、电子传递速率(花后60~90 d)、净光合速率(花后45~90 d)和气孔导度,说明叶面喷施纳米零价铁肥可增强黑比诺酿酒葡萄的光合活性,提高其叶片PSⅡ光能转化效率和光能利用率,降低通过非光化学途径的能量耗散,最终增加积累的光合产物。【结论】喷施适宜浓度的纳米零价铁肥能显著提升植株叶片光合荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量、新梢基部粗度、节间长度等,对净光合速率、蒸腾速率有促进作用,以25 mg·L(-1 T5)质量浓度处理效果最佳。

产区和成熟度对‘黑比诺’葡萄酿酒品质的影响

为探究大尺度风土下葡萄果实品质差异及过熟阶段葡萄果实风味物质的变化情况,选取宁夏贺兰山东麓和河北怀来沙城两个产区的两个成熟度的‘黑比诺’果实为材料,测定其理化指标,采用LC-MS检测果实多酚含量,GC-MS检测其挥发性香气图谱,结合PCA、OPLS-DA等分析产区和成熟度对‘黑比诺’葡萄果实酿酒品质的影响。结果表明:两产区‘黑比诺’葡萄果实的可溶性固形物在20~21°Brix,可滴定酸度在4.5~5.5 g/L范围。产区显著影响果皮单体花色苷组分。贺兰山东麓产区的葡萄果实具有更高含量的籽黄烷醇、降异戊二烯和萜烯类物质含量。延迟采收降低了葡萄果皮花色苷、籽黄烷醇含量,而促进了高级醇、苯类和醛酮类物质的积累。PCA结果表明:延迟采收带来的差异大于产区间的差异,葡萄果皮花色苷及黄烷醇是不同成熟度果实间的主要差异物质。C6/C9类物质、降异戊二烯和萜烯类香气物质是不同产区间的标志性差异物质。总体而言,两产区‘黑比诺’葡萄果实的酿酒品质存在较大差异,通过延迟采收可以提高葡萄果实的部分酿酒品质。

河西走廊不同产地黑比诺葡萄果实品质评价

【目的】为确定黑比诺酿酒葡萄的核心品质指标,建立黑比诺酿酒葡萄品质综合评价模型。【方法】在河西走廊武威市凉州区、武威市民勤县、嘉峪关市和张掖市4个产区5个产地代表性果园共采集5份黑比诺葡萄果实样品进行品质测定,通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定黑比诺葡萄核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重并建立‘黑比诺’葡萄品质综合评价模型。【结果】不同产地果实基本品质、糖酸组分和香气物质总含量存在明显差异,综合主成分分析和聚类分析分析结果,构建了黑比诺葡萄品质综合评价公式为:Y(综合得分)=0.408 3×可溶性固形物含量的标准化值+0.176 3×香气物质种类的标准化值+0.118 8×奎宁酸含量的标准化值+0.296 7×可滴定酸含量的标准化值。【结论】综合分析得出,武威市凉州区清源镇‘黑比诺’葡萄综合品质较好,而武威市民勤县收成镇黑比诺香气物质积累较多。

浅析《乌发碧眼》中现代社会的人类生存困境

《乌发碧眼》(Les Yeux bleus cheveux notrs)是法国女作家玛格丽特·杜拉斯发表于1986年的一部中篇小说,故事以双层叙述结构展开,以意识流的描写方式讲述一段扭曲且绝望的爱情,并由此呈现出主人公异化的生命状态。绝望,零碎,无序,是整个故事的主题词,由此也展现了现代人类的生存困境,包括人面对自我时的认知模糊、对世界的虚实难辨以及面对生活确定性缺失时的恐惧。

科恩兄弟黑色电影色彩研究

科恩兄弟的黑色电影以其独特的叙事风格、引人入胜的影像世界而在国际影坛独树一帜。他们的作品为黑色电影的延续注入了新鲜的活力和创意,通过错综复杂的离奇故事描写边缘人的生活状态,表达出两位导演对哲学和古希腊的悲剧命题的思考。本文通过梳理对科恩兄弟黑色电影与传统黑色电影的渊源,以及着重分析科恩兄弟黑色电影中空间地理、情绪感知和人物塑造的色彩作用,归纳科恩兄弟黑色电影作品的色彩美学意义。文章运用对比研究法、个案分析法对科恩兄弟黑色电影的彩色艺术风格试做探析。

Breast Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016 for duration of 5 years. 54 records of patients over 18 years of age with histological evidence were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, time to presentation, telltale sign, stage of extension, histological type, and histological grade. Chi-square test was used to compare variables and groups. Results: At the end of this study, we collected 54 files of breast cancer patients from 150 patients hospitalized in the Cancer Department. The frequency of breast cancer was 36%. The average age was 50 ± 13.6 years;the extremes were 27 years and 79 years. The most represented age group was from 37 to 40 years old with a percentage of 28%. The patient’s level of study was primary in the majority of cases (57%). The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma, (100%). The majority of patients arrived at advanced stages 44.4% and metastatic stages 26%. Patients were treated in most of cases by chemotherapy (82%), surgery (42%) and radiotherapy (10%). There was a correlation between time of presentation and stage of extension. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the first cancer of the woman in Pointe Noire. Patients arrive at advanced stages;the most common histological type is invasive ductal carcinoma. The presentation time is correlated with the extension stage. These results suggest the establishment of a cancer control program in developing countries.

Stratigraphic Data and Groundwater Resources in the Coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire Region (Republic of Congo)

The synthesis of geological and petroleum research undertaken in the coastal Sedimentary Basin of the Pointe-Noire region enabled the establishment of a lithostratigraphic scale. It has been observed that the order in which the series observed in outcrop and those encountered by deep wells succeed each other has allowed a value to be given to this relative scale. The study area corresponds to a longitudinal tectonic accident, fault or flexure. It belongs to the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal sedimentary basin covered by the Plio-Pleistocene age formations (series of circuses), formed of highly permeable sands comprising multiple resistant horizons that store large bodies of water whose reserves are considered very important. Hydrographic network is composed of four main basins with a mediocre size. The quality of this groundwater is considered to be satisfactory for household consumption, but the sustainable management of these reserves requires constant checks on their quality as well as on the level of the reserves. All these resources put the agglomeration of Pointe-Noire close to large exploitable water reserves that meet the need for drinking water, even if, on the whole, the agglomeration is still experiencing many difficulties in terms of its drinking water supply.

Evaluation of Viral Hepatitis B Treatment in Pointe-Noire in 2016

Prevalence of hepatitis B in Pointe-Noire is 23%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of therapeutic management of patients with hepatitis B in Pointe-Noire. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Results: 302 patients included: 217 (72%) men and 85 (28%) women of median age 40 years. The viral load was measured in 140 (46%) patients and in 162 (54%), the viral load was not measured. Their distribution according to the viremia was as follows: 0 - 1 log = 1 (0.7%) patients;1.5 to 2 log = 23 (16%) patients;2.5 to 3 log = 49 (35%) patients;>3log = 55 (39%) patients. Of the 302 patients included, 36 (11%) patients were treated with antivirals and 253 (83%) patients were not. Conclusion: The number of patients treated for chronic viral hepatitis B was low. Our results show interest for improved preventive and curative management of hepatitis B in Congo in order to reduce the existing high prevalence.

Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Groundwater AQ1 of the Region from Pointe-Noire to Congo Brazzaville

The study is interested in chemical quality of water of the one of the five aquifers, unconfined water AQ1, (other free groundwaters AQ2, AQ3, AQ4 and AQ5 being captive) in the area of Pointe-Noire. A series of physicochemical analysis was carried out on the samples of water of the zone. The results of these analyses were treated starting from a chemical-hydro method which uses the diagrams of Piper, Stabler, Schoeller Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox and the statistical methods classic. These chemical-hydro results made it possible to highlight the prevalence of sodic and potassic facies chlorinated in groundwaters of the unconfined water of the area of Pointe-Noire. In this area, the groundwaters of the unconfined water gather in three principal-hydro facies: sodic and potassic chlorinated waters are the most important (66.7%) in the studied water;calcic and magnesian bicarbonated water (16.65%) and bicarbonated sodic and potassic ones (16.65%). This study reveals that the groundwaters of the area of Pointe-Noire undergo an intrusion saltworks. As a whole, these groundwaters require in certain cases, a specific treatment before consumption.

Rooting Abilities in <i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.: Total Lipid and Fatty Acids Evolution in Perle Noir Cutting

Rooting ability in Vitis vinifera L. is the phenomena studied. The evolution of the total lipids contents and fatty acids amount of cuttings during the rooting were determined. Total lipid extraction was carried out by an extraction solvent consisting of a mixture of chloroform and methanol. Methylation of fatty acids was carried out by the boron trifluoride methanol complex. Their analysis is performed by gas chromatography. We have obtained a content of merithallus lipids equivalent with then in bibliography. In other hand 3 fatty acids were obtained: eicosapentaenoic acid, oleic acid and docosanoic acid. Among the studied of rooting abilities, we observed decreased levels of total lipids and in the essential fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5 n-3 and oleic acid C18:1 n-9. Minor fatty acids cuttings experimental have a variable evolution. Lipids and certain fatty acids may be markers of rooting in the vine.

Metastatic Breast Cancer Survival in Pointe Noire: Analysis of 30 Cases

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About 5% to 10% of breast cancer patients present with metastases. While the 5-year survival of patients with local breast cancer varies around 98.8%, this survival rate drops to around 26.3% for metastatic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in resource-limited settings. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for duration of 6 years. 30 records of patients over 18 years of age and with histological evidence who received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, socio-economic level, menopausal status, history, WHO status, menopausal status, tumor size, histological type, tumor location, the type of treatment and survival. Survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Fisher’s exact test was used to search for correlation between variables. Results: The average age was 52.62 ± 10.96 years old. The extremes were 33 years and 75 years old. The most represented level of education was the primary level in 67% of cases. The majority of patients had low socioeconomic status in 50% of cases. The patients were menopausal in 57% of cases. The antecedents of cancer were present in 13% of cases. 50% of patients had a WHO status performance at 2. The tumor size was greater than 2 cm in 77% of cases. The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 93% of cases. The most represented histological grade was Scharff grade III Richardson bloom in 80% of cases. The most represented metastatic localization was pulmonary in 33% of cases. The metastatic localizations were unique in 47% of cases and multiple in 53% of cases. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was more used in 53% of cases. Bivariate analysis revealed a correlation between tumor size and number of metastases, p 0.05. Patients treated with anthracyclines were greater than that of patients treated with taxanes in combination was 26.48 months, p > 0.05. Conclusion: Metastatic breast cancer remains an incurable disease, its survival remains low despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances that remain difficult to access for our resource-poor developing countries. Patients are treated with conventional chemotherapy (anthracyclines and taxanes). The most common metastases are respectively pulmonary, hepatic and cerebral in our context.

Groundwater Flow Assessment Using Modflow 6 and Model Muse: Application to Pointe-Noire Coastal Aquifers, Congo-Brazzaville

As numerical modeling is an effective tool for managing groundwater resources and predicting future responses, in this study, the author has intended to assess groundwater flow through Modflow 6 and Model Muse into Pointe-Noire coastal aquifers. The results showed that the fourth scenario has the biggest effect on the drawdown and seawater intrusion extent. Different parameters including evapotranspiration, recharge, model boundary, etc. were adjusted to run the model. The fourth scenario with the highest pumping rate value caused a slight increase of head values over the values simulated.

Epidemiological Clinical and Histological Aspects of Gynecological and Breast Cancer in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological clinical and histological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers in Pointe-Noire. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study that took place in the cancerology and internal medicine department during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, i.e. a period of 10 years. Women with histological diagnosis of gynecological and breast cancers were included in our study. The variables studied were: frequency, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, histological type, stage of extension, location of cancer. Bivariate analysis was done between age and location of the tumour. The statistical test used was the KHI2 test. The results were statistically significant for a value of p RESULTS: We collected 400 files from women with cancer. Among the 400 files, 265 were represented by gynecological and breast cancers, that is a frequency of 65.43%. Among the 265 cases of gynecological and breast cancer identified during this study period, breast cancer represented the first rank with 52% frequency. Cervical cancer accounted for 41% followed by ovarian cancer (5%) and endometrial (2%). Cancer of vulva was represented by a single case. The average age of patients with gynecological and breast cancers during our study was 52 ± 12 years. The average age of patients with cancer of the breast, cervix, ovarian, endometrial was respectively 49 ± 11.97 years, 54.73 ± 12.91 years old, 50 ± 14 years, 67 ± 14.24 years, the age of the vulva cancer patient was 51 years old. The histological type of breast cancer was represented by infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases, invasive lobular carcinoma in 7% and sarcoma in 2%. Cervical cancers were represented by squamous cell carcinomas in 95% of cases and adenocarcinomas in 5% of cases. Vulva cancer was represented by squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer was represented by epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma) in 100% of cases. Endometrial cancers were represented by endometrial adenocarcinoma. All cancers were diagnosed at advanced stages (locoregional and metastatic stage). Patients over the age of 50 had more gynecological and breast cancers;but this result was not significant. CONCLUSION: Gynecological and breast cancers are frequent and constitute the first cancer of Congolese women in Pointe-Noire. Breast cancer is the first cancer followed by cancer of the cervix and ovaries. The histological types are those of the literature. Patients with gynecological and breast cancers consult at very advanced stages.

Fulminant Hepatitis Following Ritonavir-Nevirapine-Efavirenz Regimen in a Female HIV Patient in Pointe-Noire in 2016

Current antiretroviral therapy has reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV patients. However, their induced hepatotoxicity constitutes a risk. In this issue, we report a clinical case of fulminant hepatitis, observed in the HIV unit of the hepatogastroenterology department of the General hospital of Loandjili in Pointe-Noire. The patient is a 36-year-old female HIV treated with triple-dug combination antiretroviral therapies (ART) including one antiprotease (ritonavir) and two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine and efavirenz). He developed fulminant hepatitis five years after treatment initiation. He succumbed to the side effects. Although antiretroviral combination therapies are the standard of care for HIV infection, increased vigilance is warranted to early identify this side effect and adjust treatment in order to prevent fatal consequences.

Evie＇s Ethical Choices in the World of Noir Ethical Literary Reading of Judy Blundell＇ s What I Saw and How I Lied

In the novel What I Saw and How I Lied （2008）, Judy Blundell presents readers a world of noir where so many lies are around the innocent protagonist, 15-year-old girl Evie. It is a challenge for Evie to probe into the heart of the deceptions and make ethical choices between good and evil. After experiencing the path from error to truth, from confusion to clarity, and unconsciousness to consciousness, Evie comes to realize the corruption and evils of the society and in an epiphany, obtains a self-knowledge which leads to her initiation. Through analyzing the ethical predicament and ethical choices of the protagonist Evie as well as the negative living environment around her, the present paper aims to interrogate the moral issues of truth, lie, justice, greed, fidelity, and betrayal so as to give readers a better understanding of the theme of initiation in the novel.

Domestic noir in Anglo-American Literature

In order to highlight the contribution of Literature to the study of Domestic Violence,this essay will reflect on the relevance of some Anglo-American literary works,integrated in the Domestic Gothic or Domestic Noir,a subgenre of the psychological thriller,distinguished by the peculiarity of representing a woman in danger as its main character.The family can be the most commonly considered luminous space of harmony,affection and quiet domesticity,but everything can turn upside down whenever this stereotype is reversed drastically.The so-called domestic noir,a new genre popularized in 2013,deals with these dualities,demonstrating that gothic fiction has always been interested in family conflicts and domestic violence in its most varied forms,turning them into sources of terror so relevant to our time.