Dosimetric Study of Coplanar and Non-Coplanar Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning for Esophageal Carcinoma

Purpose: To compare the dosimetric impact of coplanar intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and non-coplanar IMRT for the esophageal carcinoma. Methods: There are forty-five esophageal carcinoma patients, fifteen of whom were cervical and upper thoracic (Group 1) and thirty were middle and lower thoracic (Group 2). Gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured by the chief physician in the CMS-XiO treatment planning system. For each patient, one coplanar plan and two non-coplanar plans have been created using the same physical objective function. A detailed dose-volume histogram (DVH) comparison among three plans was then carried out in a tabulated format. Results: 1) In Group 1 patients with PTV volume less than 100cc, the mean dose and dose gradient of non-coplanar plan were much better than those in coplanar plan. 2) In Group 2 patients, the conformity index (CI) for coplanar and two non-coplanar plans were 0.69 ± 0.13, 0.41 ± 0.13, and 0.68 ± 0.15, respectively. The V5, V10, V20, and the mean dose to the lung were lower in the non-coplanar plans compared to ones in coplanar plan. However, the non-coplanar plans resulted in an increase in a dose to the heart, but the dose was still within heart toxicity tolerance. Conclusion: For Group 1 patients, the non-coplanar IMRT plan had less dose gradient and better mean dose than the coplanar IMRT plan. For Group 2 patients, the non-coplanar IMRT could the decrease dose to the lung tissue, thus lowering the probability of radiation pneumonia to esophageal cancer patients. The drawback of non-coplanar IMRT is that, even within toxicity tolerance, it could deliver a higher dose to the heart and spinal cord compared to the coplanar plan. Therefore, for patients with cardiology and neurology concern, non-coplanar IMRT should be used with caution.

Intersecting Line of Conical Surface and Smoothly Blending of Two Tubes Whose Axes Are Non-Coplanar

We construct two conical surfaces which take non-coplanar lines as generatrix and rational Bezier curve as ridge-line, and prove that the intersecting line of conical surface has similar properties to Bezier curve. Then, the smoothly blending of two cylinders whose axes are non-coplanar is realized by taking intersecting line of conical surface as axes.

Dosimetric Comparison between Coplanar and Non-Coplanar Fields in Irradiation of Middle and Lower Lobes Lung Tumors

Purpose: To compare between the coplanar and non-coplanar fields regarding planning target volume (PTV) coverage, conformity index and preservation of organs at risk (heart-lungs-esophagus and spinal cord). Materials and Methods: 10 patients presented with stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC with a tumor located in the middle or lower lobes. Because of this location, the heart is one of the main organs at risk. Two plans, coplanar and non-coplanar 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy plans are performed for each patient. All treatment plans are created using Xio - Computerized medical system treatment planning system. The prescribed dose is 64 Gy in 32 fractions. Results: For both plans, the maximum dose to the PTV doesn’t exceed 110% of the prescribed dose;the 95% isodose (60.8 Gy) covers at least 95% of the PTV volume and the mean conformity index values are also very similar 0.59 vs 0.61 for coplanar and non-coplanar plans respectively without statistically significant difference (P = 0.1711). Regarding organs at risk, large advantage for adding a non-coplanar field in the preservation of the heart is observed. The mean V30 values for noncoplanar plan are 17.3 Gy versus 28.9 Gy for the coplanar plan with statistically significant difference (P = 0.0060). Also, the mean V40 and V50 values for the non coplanar compared to coplanar plan are 12.6 Gy and 7.9 Gy versus 23.1 Gy and 14.9 Gy respectively, and these differences are statistically significant (P = 0.0162) (P = 0.0084). No statistically significant differences are found between coplanar and non-coplanar plans for lungs, esophagus or the spinal cord. Conclusion: Using non-coplanar beams in the irradiation of middle and lower lung tumors significantly reduces the radiation dose to the heart with the same target volume coverage and conformity index.

肥胖儿童non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:了解non-HDL-C和remnant cholesterol与肥胖儿童亚临床动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系。方法:根据甘油三酯(TG)水平将65例肥胖儿童(肥胖组)分为I组(TG≥2.3 mmol/L)32例,II组(TG<2.3 mmol/L)33例,与肥胖组儿童性别年龄相匹配的正常体质量儿童30例为III组(对照组)。比较3组儿童血脂指标,对肥胖组各项血脂指标与血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)进行相关性分析,肥胖患儿体质指数、血脂指标与颈动脉内径、内膜-中层厚度(c-IMT)、血流参数进行相关性分析。结果:I组、II组的TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol、AIP均较对照组升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较对照组降低,且I组的remnant cholesterol、AIP均较II组升高。肥胖组儿童AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。37例行颈动脉超声检查的肥胖儿童的c-IMT较正常儿童的增厚。结论:non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol在肥胖儿童亚临床AS中有重要作用,在肥胖儿童血脂异常的治疗中应关注non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol的变化。

Analysis of Numerical Results in High Temperature Congealment and Chemistry Non-equilibrium Flow Field

Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-

Turbulent Flow Action of Pulp in Wet - Laid Non - Woven Processes

The paper deals with the fluid field of web forming in wet-laid non-woven production.The influence of the turbulent flow on blending fiber and occluded fluid produced in pulp flow has been discussed in theory and practice.The suitable use of the imported velocity of pulp is very important in producing wet-laid products of good quality.

MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expressions of some microRNAs are associated with cancer progression.However,the roles and biological mechanisms of miRNA-16-5p in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are not to be well studied.Here,we validated that the expression of miR-16-5p was decreased significantly in NSCLC samples and cell lines.The correlation between the clinicopathological features of NSCLC and the miR-16-5p expression showed that the expression of miR-16-5p in non-small cell lung cancer was linked with the advanced TNM stage,positive lymph node metastasis,with short overall survival(OS).Also,a negative correlation between miR-16-5p and Fermitin family member 2(FERMT2)was observed,implying there may be a potential link about their regulation.The hypothesis was further confirmed by in-silico analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay.Moreover,we demonstrated that the transfections of miR-16-5p mimics could alter some biological characteristics of NSCLC cells remarkably accomplished by the expression variance of FERMT2 in vitro and in vivo assays.Summarily,this study demonstrated that miR-16-5p,as a tumor suppression factor in NSCLC by targeting FERMT2,could serve as one promising biomarker in the prediction for NSCLC patients.

非共面照射野在舌癌放疗中对脊髓和下颌骨重点保护的效果评价

目的 :在舌癌术后放疗计划中重点保护脊髓和下颌骨的前提下,通过比较共面野与非共面野计划两者放疗剂量分布的差异,探讨非共面照射野在放疗计划中对脊髓和下颌骨的重点保护效果,从而选择合理放疗方案,以应对舌癌复发需再次放疗的可能性。方法:选择上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤科在2018年2月—2023年2月收治的15例舌癌术后放疗患者作为研究对象,采用实际治疗的靶区作为计算目标,正常组织剂量限值参照国家标准,在其他参数保持不变的前提下,仅仅变动脊髓以及下颌骨的限量函数。函数采用serial函数,限量由低到高分为20、25、30、35、40,在Monaco计划系统中自动计算,对计划各个参数进行评价(靶区CI、HI、D98、D95、D5、D2),正常组织脊髓的最大量,腮腺、喉、下颌骨的平均量。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:非共面野的各项评价指标优于共面野计划。共面野计划在serial函数限值为20、25时,靶区评价指标D98、D95、D5、D2形成剂量趋势曲线存在发散状态,靶区归一性较差。随着限值提高,2组计划的靶区剂量趋势曲线相差变小,靶区归一性基本统一。统计结果显示,相对于非共面野计划,共面野计划在seiral函数为20、25时,脊髓、左右侧腮腺、喉、下颌骨以及靶区的CI、HI的结果较差,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);特别在serial函数为20时差异值最大,HI指数差异为7.7%,CI差异为14%。随着限值提高,2组数据差异逐渐变小,多数评价指标差值有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:舌癌术后放疗计划中,在脊髓、下颌骨限量较为严格时,2组计划剂量差异较大,计划射野时建议选择非共面角度。随着限量提高,差异性逐渐变小。虽然多数指标仍存在统计学差异,但鉴于非共面野有转床的误差存在,计划射野时,可根据患者情况以及机器精度进行合理选择。

同面阵列电极敏感场优化方法

同面阵列电极敏感场的非线性特性导致图像重建过程存在严重的不适定性,为提高同面3×4阵列电容成像系统的成像质量与稳定性,提出了一种数据降维并结合平方增敏的方法对敏感场进行优化。该方法依据最大熵原理实现敏感场的自适应降维寻优,重构得到的特征敏感场与实际敏感场具有更高的特征匹配度。另外,平方化的增敏方式可以增强敏感场特征数据与和非特征数据的对比度,同时还可以减弱敏感场矢量求解造成的特征边缘波动性。最后通过同面3×4阵列电容成像系统,设计了多组实验对所提优化方法的有效性进行验证,结果表明敏感场优化后的重建图像质量与稳定性明显提高。

左侧乳腺癌保乳术后四种不同放疗计划心脏亚结构的剂量学研究

目的:分析静态调强放射治疗(s-IMRT)、混合调强放射治疗(hy-IMRT)、切线弧容积旋转调强放射治疗(t-VMAT)、非共面容积旋转调强放射治疗(n-VMAT)四种治疗计划,在左侧乳腺癌保乳术后瘤床同步加量模式下,评估对左心室(left ventricle,LV)和冠状动脉左前降支(left anterior descending,LAD)作为危及器官时的剂量学差异。方法:选取55例左侧乳腺癌保乳术后瘤床银夹标记的患者,将LV和LAD确定为危及器官,并为同一患者设计s-IMRT、hy-IMRT、t-VMAT、n-VMAT四种放疗计划,比较这四种计划在靶区和危及器官的剂量分布及临床实施效率。结果:4种计划均满足对靶区和危及器官的临床要求。n-VMAT在靶区的适形度指数(conformity index,CI),心脏的V_(40),LV的V_(10)、V_(30)、V_(40),LAD的D_(mean)、V_(30)、V_(40),左侧肺的V_(30)、V_(40)优于其他三组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。n-VMAT和t-VMAT在心脏的V_(20)、V_(30),LV的D_(mean)、V_(20),LAD的V_(20),左侧肺的D_(mean)、V_(5)、V_(20)优于s-IMRT和hy-IMRT,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。s-IMRT和hy-IMRT在右侧肺的D_(mean)、右侧乳腺的D_(mean)、脊髓的D_(mean)优于t-VMAT和n-VMAT,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。hy-IMRT的机器跳数最低,与s-IMRT、t-VMAT和n-VMAT相比分别降低了16.83%、22.31%、23.83%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:四组计划均能满足对靶区和危及器官的剂量学要求。n-VMAT提高了靶区的适形度,可以更好地保护LV、LAD和左侧肺,但治疗效率较低;t-VMAT在保护心脏方面最佳,在保护LV和左侧肺方面仅次于n-VMAT,更适合想要兼顾保护心脏、左侧肺和治疗效率的患者;s-IMRT和hy-IMRT在保护右侧肺、右侧乳腺和脊髓时更具优势;hy-IMRT机器跳数最低,更适合对右侧肺要求较高的患者。在临床中可根据患者的个体情况选择合适的放疗技术。

共面与非共面模板在肺癌^(125)Ⅰ粒子植入治疗中的应用

目的基于3D打印共面与非共面模板分别设计肺癌患者的^(125)Ⅰ粒子植入治疗计划,比较两种计划的剂量学差异,为临床使用提供依据。方法选取2018年1月至2023年5月于福建省肿瘤医院进行^(125)Ⅰ粒子植入治疗的25例肺癌患者,均采用近距离放射治疗计划系统设计共面与非共面模板辅助的^(125)Ⅰ粒子植入治疗计划,要求共面与非共面计划的肿瘤靶区(GTV)处方剂量覆盖90%以上的GTV。比较两种计划的插值针数、粒子数及GTV剂量学参数[包括90%和100%GTV体积受照射剂量D_(90%)和D_(100%),100%、150%和200%处方剂量的体积百分比V_(100)、V_(150)和V_(200),适形性指数(CI)、GTV外体积指数(EI)和均匀性指数(HI)]与危及器官(OAR)剂量学参数(患侧肺接受20 Gy的体积百分比V_(20)和平均剂量D_(mean)、脊髓最大受照射剂量D_(max))。结果共面计划的插值针数、粒子数均多于非共面计划,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两种计划的D_(90%)、D_(100%)、V_(100)、V_(200)、EI和HI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);共面计划的V_(150)高于非共面计划,CI低于非共面计划,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。共面计划的患侧肺V_(20)、D_(mean)和脊髓D_(max)均高于非共面计划,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肺癌患者采用共面与非共面模板辅助^(125)Ⅰ粒子植入治疗均可达到靶区剂量覆盖要求,非共面计划的插值针数、粒子数和剂量适形性等计划参数优于共面计划,重要危及器官的吸收剂量也低于共面计划,但价格较昂贵,故临床需要根据具体情况进行选择。

Auto-planning在脑胶质瘤非共面容积调强放疗计划中的应用

目的:通过比较基于Auto-planning的胶质瘤非共面自动容积旋转调强放疗(AP-VMAT)计划与常规手动非共面VMAT(M-VMAT)计划在靶区和危及器官(OAR)的剂量学差异,探讨自动优化在非共面胶质瘤VMAT计划中应用的可行性。方法:选取2016-02-15~2016-12-18在广州医科大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科接受治疗的8例胶质瘤患者,进行CT模拟定位及靶区和OAR的勾画,采用Pinnacle 9.10治疗计划系统基于同一CT图像分别设计M-VMAT计划和AP-VMAT计划,比较手动和自动两种调强计划的靶区覆盖、分析靶区均匀性指数、适形度指数及OAR受照剂量差异。结果:两种计划靶区覆盖率、平均剂量(D_(mean))、均匀性指数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AP-VMAT计划的适形度指数明显优于M-VMAT计划,差异有统计学意义[(0.890±0.046)vs(0.750±0.046),P<0.001];两种计划OAR中脑干最大剂量、D_5,同侧眼球、晶体、视神经最大剂量、D_(mean)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而AP-VMAT计划中脑干D_(mean)及视交叉、对侧眼球、晶体、视神经和正常脑组织的剂量评价参数均优于M-VMAT计划,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相比M-VMAT计划,基于Auto-planning的自动优化方式能够简化调强计划设计过程,并一定程度上改善靶区的剂量分布,降低OAR的受照剂量。

Effect of initial-state target polarization on the single ionization of helium by 1-keV electron impact

We report new results of triple differential cross sections for the single ionization of helium by 1-KeV electron impact at the ejection energy of 10 eV. Investigations have been made for both the perpendicular plane and the plane perpendicular to the momentum transfer geometries. The present calculation is based on the threewCoulomb wave function. Here we have also incorporated the effect of target polarization in the initial state. A comparison is made between the present calculation with the results of other theoretical methods and a recent experiment [Diirr M, Dimopoulou C, Najjari B, Dorn A, Bartschat K, Bray I, Fursa D V, Chen Z, Madison D H and Ullrich J 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 032717]. At an impact energy of 1 KeV, the target polarization is found to induce a substantial change of the cross section for the ionization process. We observe that the effect of target polarization plays a dominant role in deciding the shape of triple differential cross sections.

FAREY SEQUENCE OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL DYNAMIC SYSTEM IN TWO DIMENSIONS

In this paper , through the discrim ination of Farey sequence in the forced Brusselator withweak coupling , it is proved that there is a topological translation fro m a nonlinear differen tial system ( limit cycle) to the circle m ap .

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUORINATED POLYAMIDES DERIVED FROM UNSYMMETRICAL DIAMINES CONTAINING THE PHTHALAZINONE MOIETY

A novel unsymmetrical fluorinated diamine monomer with kink non-coplanar heterocyclic structures, 1,2-dihydro- 2-（4-amino-2-trifluoromethyophenyo）-4-[4-（4-amino-2-trifluoromethyophenoxy）phenyo]（2H）phthaoazin-1-oneo was prepared through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-trifluromethyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzene with 1,2-dihydro-4-（4- hydroxyphenyl）（2H）phthalazin-l-one in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd-C. A series of new fluorinated polyarnides were synthesized by the phosphorylation polyamidation of the fluorinated diamine with various dicarboxylic acids. The prepared polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with moderately and high inherent viscosities （0.47-0.87 dL/g）. They were all amorphous and readily soluble in various polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone （NMP）, N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF）, N,N-dimethylacctamide （DMAc）, pyridine （Py） and m-cresol at room temperature. These fluorinated polyamides have excellent thermal properties. The glass transition temperatures were all above 300℃. The 5% and 10% weight loss temperatures were in the range of 437-466℃ and 482-525℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, respectively.

Analytic calculation of magnetic force between two current-carrying coils

Current-carrying coils are basic elements in electromagnetic equipments, for example, in high field magnets from high temperature superconducting wires or tapes. In the assembly of these systems and their current-carrying operation, unavoidable mis- alignment and shift from the original position can be induced by disturbances such as the imbalance of magnetic force due to safety problems. For two current-carrying coils with non-coplanar axes, the analytic expression of the magnetic force between the two coils is presented according to the rule of Ampere circulation and the Biot-Savart law. Based on the expression, the dependence of the magnetic force on the size and the relative position of each other is further investigated, and the variation of the magnetic force is obtained with the above parameters.

Ways to Overcome Anxiety in the English Listening Class in College (SUN JING-YU KE SU-FEN)

In my ten-yeat experience of tenching English as major in college , I feel that students experience more difficulties in listening lessons than in other lessons. What, then, prevents students from achieving success in the listening class? I suggest that anxiety is one of the major factors, which interferes with students listening comprehension. And I would agree with writers such as Gardner and Horwitz et al. (1991)that anxiety may impede learner’s ability to perform successfully in all aspects of learning a foreign language. I feet it is particularly significant for listening.

非共面IMRT在宫颈癌放疗计划中保护卵巢的可行性探讨

目的:探讨非共面IMRT在宫颈癌放疗计划中保护卵巢的可行性。方法:选取17例保卵巢宫颈癌放疗病例,按统一标准分别设计两组IMRT计划:共面IMRT保卵巢组(A组)和非共面IMRT保卵巢组(B组);收集两组计划评估参数,并验证两组计划γ通过率,并进行统计学分析。结果:两组计划均满足临床要求。B组的卵巢最大受量小于A组(P<0.05)。对于计划靶区,B组计划的适形指数、均匀指数优于A组计划(P<0.05),A组D 5高于B组(P<0.05),B组D 95高于A组(P<0.05)。对于危及器官,A组在膀胱的V_(40)、直肠的D_(mean)、小肠的D max、左侧股骨头的V_(20)大于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组在膀胱的V_(20)、V_(30)、D_(mean),直肠的V_(30)、V_(40),小肠的V_(40),右侧股骨头的V_(10)、V_(20)、V_(30),左侧股骨头的V_(10)、V_(30)和骨髓的D max上均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组的总跳数小于B组(P<0.05);在3%/2 mm,低剂量阈值10%的标准下,A组γ通过率高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:两种计划均能实现对卵巢的保护,非共面IMRT计划表现更佳,靶区剂量分布更优,对危及器官影响更小。

3D打印非共面模板引导^(125)I粒子植入治疗肝恶性肿瘤剂量学研究

目的比较3D打印非共面模板(3D-PNCT)引导^(125)I粒子植入治疗肝恶性肿瘤术前与术后剂量学结果,探索3D-PNCT辅助放射性粒子植入治疗肝恶性肿瘤的可行性。方法回顾性收集2019年6月至2021年12月在浙江省肿瘤医院介入科接受3D-PNCT引导^(125)I粒子植入术治疗的肝癌患者20例,处方剂量130~150 Gy。搜集并对比术前、术后剂量学参数,包括D_(90)、D_(100)、V_(90)、V_(100)、V_(150)、V_(200)、CTV体积。按照英国哥伦比亚癌症中心粒子植入质量评价标准对操作评价。结果20例患者设计打印20块模板,技术成功19例,实际针数术后与术前一致8例,术中优化增加针道8例,减少3例。术后验证质量评价结果显示为优的患者10例,良5例,中3例,差2例,技术失败1例。与术前计划相比,术后D_(90)、D_(100)、V_(200)、CTV平均体积差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。V_(90)、V_(100)、V_(150)差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论使用3D-PNCT引导^(125)I粒子植入治疗肝恶性肿瘤主要剂量学指标在手术前、后基本吻合,有良好的治疗精确性,能满足临床需求。

航天器单脉冲机动异面可达域快速计算方法

航天器单脉冲机动异面可达域为分析异面机动任务的可行性提供了依据,有助于提高航天器异面轨道机动任务的设计效率。为求解航天器单脉冲机动异面可达域,首先分析了目标平面的可达性问题。在目标平面可达的情况下,将可达域分为两个区域,并给出两个区域存在的条件。在此基础上根据几何关系,将涉及改变轨道面的可达域问题简化为仅在平面内机动的可达域问题。对于平面可达域问题,提出了一种高效率的精确计算方法。由此,进一步给出了航天器单脉冲机动异面可达域的求解算法,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,上述方法所得可达域与拟合法所得结果一致,可以精确给出航天器单脉冲机动异面可达域。