Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) in the Pregnant Patient: A Case Series

Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. However, it is the most frequent organ dysfunction associated with obstetric admissions to an intensive care unit. The obstetric population is a different group due to its physiology and the presence of the fetus that lacks evidence in the literature within the subject of ventilatory support. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is often avoided due to the lack of knowledge on the safety and efficacy of this modality. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of respiratory failure in pregnancy. Objectives: To provide evidence in support of the use of NIPPV as a safe and reasonable modality for pregnant patients with respiratory failure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 29 pregnant patients of the Obstetric Critical Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Panamá City who received NIPPV from 2013 to 2015. Failure to response was defined as the lack of increase in the paO2/FiO2 ratio or clinical deterioration 6 hours after initiating NIPPV. Demographics, indication for NIPPV, duration of treatment, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes were collected. Measurements and Main Results: Mean age was 28.4 ± 6 years, mean body mass index 27.4 ± 3.3, and mean gestational age at admission was 305/7 ± 5 weeks. Twenty-four patients (82.8%) met the criteria for acute lung injury (ALI) and an additional two (6.9%) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mean duration of ventilation was 50.6 ± 17.27 hours. Statistically significant differences were noted between the paO2/FiO2 ratios in failure and successful patients within 2 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.007) and paO2/FiO2 ratio within 6 hours of NIPPV therapy (P = 0.03). Success was defined when the patient was administered NIPPV, resulting in an improvement (increase in pa/FiO2 ratio) of her ventilatory parameters. Three patients (10.3%) failed to respond to NIPPV and needed to be converted to invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients who required intubation had a longer duration of ICU stay (P = 0.006) and overall hospital stay (P = 0.03). None of patients presented aspiration during NIPPV therapy. Conclusion: The current series is the largest report of pregnant patients requiring ventilatory support who received NIPPV as first line of therapy. This report shows the usefulness of this ventilation modality, avoiding intubation with its risks, of a significant number of patients, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Cardiopulmonary Stability on a Patient with Hip Fracture and Severe Pulmonary Hypertension, Anesthetized with Lumbar-Sacral Plexus Block and Non-Invasive Ventilation: Case Report

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean arterial pressure in the pulmonary artery exceeding 20 mm Hg at rest, measured by means of right heart catheterization. Patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing surgical procedures such as hemiarthroplasty present a high risk of fatal complications. Nonetheless, there are no widely accepted protocols explaining their perioperative care in great detail. Case presentation: We present a case with an 89-years-old patient, with comorbidities such as GOLD 4D chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, as a consequence of this, severe pulmonary hypertension with signs of right ventricular dysfunction, thus requiring of pulmonary vasodilator, that has suffered a subcapital hip fracture requiring urgent surgery. Surgery is carried out successfully, under regional lumbar-sacral plexus block and sedation assisted by non-invasive ventilation. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary specialized treatment, preoperative optimization, as well as the careful selection of both the surgical and anesthetic techniques to be used, are among the strategies that improve the perioperative outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension with right ventricle systolic dysfunction. Regional lumbar-sacral plexus block plus sedation is a technique that maintains hemodynamic stability;however, these patients require advance measures and postoperative monitoring under intensive care.

Effect of Oxygen Therapy by Venturi Mask versus Non Invasive Ventillation on the Outcome of Patients Who Devolope Hypoxia after Open Heart Surgery

Background: Cardiothoracic surgery is a common cause of acute respiratory failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare the outcomes of open heart surgery patients treated using oxygen delivery devices with patients who receive NIV as a first-line therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure. Materials and Methods: 40 patients who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure after open heart surgery and admitted to cardiothoracic ICU 20 patients received NIV and 20 patient received oxygen by venture mask. For all patients the following measurements were performed before and after CPAP AND Venture use: CBC, blood urea, serum creatinine body temperature, chest X-ray, Arterial blood gases (arterial pH, sodium bicarbonate, pcO2, SpO2 and PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio). Results: Mean PO2 and SO2 have increased after using of both venture and Cpap, increase in both PCO2 and HCO3 levels after using Venturi mask, CPAP mask was superior to venturi mask in avoiding the need of intubation, decreasing The ICU stay median length and also median length of hospitalization, all were lower in CPAP group than venture group. Also the mortality rate was lower in CPAP group than the venturi group. Conclusion: Using CPAP mask in severe AHRF following open heart surgery can avoid intubation, decreases the levels of tachypnea and arterial hypoxemia, decreases ICU stay, the length of hospitalization and also decreases the mortality rate compared with patients receiving high-concentration oxygen therapy with venture mask.

Effect of metronome rates on the quality of bag-mask ventilation during metronome-guided 30:2 cardiopulmonary resuscitation:A randomized simulation study

BACKGROUND: Metronome guidance is a feasible and effective feedback technique to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). The rate of the metronome should be set between 100 to 120 ticks/minute and the speed of ventilation may have crucial effect on the quality of ventilation. We compared three different metronome rates(100, 110, 120 ticks/minute) to investigate its effect on the quality of ventilation during metronome-guided 30:2 CPR.METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, crossover observational study using a Respi Trainer r. To simulate 30 chest compressions, one investigator counted from 1 to 30 in cadence with the metronome rate(1 count for every 1 tick), and the participant performed 2 consecutive ventilations immediately following the counting of 30. Thirty physicians performed 5 sets of 2 consecutive(total 10) bag-mask ventilations for each metronome rate. Participants were instructed to squeeze the bag over 2 ticks(1.0 to 1.2 seconds depending on the rate of metronome) and defl ate the bag over 2 ticks. The sequence of three different metronome rates was randomized.RESULTS: Mean tidal volume significantly decreased as the metronome rate was increased from 110 ticks/minute to 120 ticks/minute(343±84 m L vs. 294±90 m L, P=0.004). Peak airway pressure significantly increased as metronome rate increased from 100 ticks/minute to 110 ticks/minute(18.7 vs. 21.6 mm Hg, P=0.006).CONCLUSION: In metronome-guided 30:2 CPR, a higher metronome rate may adversely affect the quality of bag-mask ventilations. In cases of cardiac arrest where adequate ventilation support is necessary, 100 ticks/minute may be better than 110 or 120 ticks/minute to deliver adequate tidal volume during audio tone guided 30:2 CPR.

Respiratory Volume Monitoring to Assess the Effect of Airway Maneuvers on Ventilation during Upper Endoscopy

Introduction: Propofol use during endoscopic procedures has become increasingly popular and assessing and maintaining airway patency is a significant challenge. Anesthesiologists often use airway maneuvers to maintain airway patency and ventilation during procedural sedation. A novel, non-invasive, Respiratory Volume Monitor (RVM) that provided continuous, real-time measurements of minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV) and respiratory rate (RR) was used to monitor respiratory performance before, during, and after endoscopic procedures, quantify MV changes before and after airway maneuvers, and to quantify propofol-induced respiratory depression. Methods: RVM traces were obtained from 25 patients undergoing sedation for endoscopic procedures. Airway maneuvers were performed in 19/25 patients. All 25 patients received propofol as the primary sedative. Results: Forty-five airway maneuvers were performed. During these maneuvers, all respiratory parameters increased relative to pre-maneuver levels. On average, MV increased by 24% ± 5% (mean ± SEM), TV 14% ± 5% and RR: 17% ± 6%. The cohort average MVBASELINE was 9.5 ± 0.7 L/min (TV = 670 ± 60 ml, RR = 15 ± 0.7). Following propofol MV decreased transiently, reaching nadir five minutes after the last dose of propofol at 82% ± 10% of baseline (MV = 7.5 ± 1.0 L/min). The reduction in MV was driven by reduction in TV, not RR. Conclusions: Data demonstrated that RVM was able to track changes in ventilation and was able to quantify respiratory changes following airway maneuvers. All patients had a significant reduction in ventilatory volumes after propofol. Five minutes after the last dose of propofol, MV and TV were significantly reduced while RR was not, suggesting that monitoring respiratory rate alone was not a sufficient indicator of respiratory status.

Clinical Study of P_(ET)CO_2 in One-lung Ventilation

Fourty-eight patients (ASA physical status Ⅰ - Ⅱ) undergoing selected thoracotomy and pulmonectomy were studied. They were divided into two groups according to different respiratory modes, two-lung ventilation (TLV) and onelung ventilation (OLV) or TLV and OLV with a Bain cyclic system for CPAP on the side of operated lung. PETCO2 and PaCO2 were measured after 30 min TLV,30 min and 60 min OLV, and repeated TLV (R-TLV) 30 min after pulmonectomy, to evaluate the difference between PETCO2 and PaCO2 in OLV and to observethe effect of abating hypoxemia and discharge of CO2 in OLV with Bain system.Our results showed that the PaCO2 and PETCO2 in different test groups were normal though the measured values in OLV were slightly higher than that in TLV (P<0. 05) , and then they were recovered after R-TLV (P>0. 05). There was nosignificant difference between group 1. and 2. in OLV (P>0. 05). There was aclose correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 (P<0. 05). The differences of the calculated P(a-ET)CO2 and radio of PETCO2/PaCO2 in different ventilation modes were not significant. Hypoxemia in OLV was corrected by Bain system, but the discharge of CO2 was not affected. The results showed that measurement of PET CO2 as a non-invasive procedure can be commonly used to monitor OLV.

布地奈德雾化吸入配合无创机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭的疗效研究

目的 探究布地奈德雾化吸入配合无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发呼吸衰竭的老年患者的临床效果。方法 选取2022年2月至2023年2月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的82例COPD并发呼吸衰竭的老年患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组接受无创机械通气治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予布地奈德(2 mg/次,2次/d)雾化吸入治疗,两组患者均治疗1周。比较两组治疗前后的肺功能、血气指标、生命体征指标、临床症状评分及血清低氧诱导因子-1α、血清淀粉样蛋白A水平,并比较两组治疗后的临床疗效。结果 治疗1周后,两组患者的肺功能指标(用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值、呼气峰值流速占正常预计值的百分比和6分钟步行试验距离)、动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度、pH均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而呼吸频率、心率、动脉血二氧化碳分压、血清低氧诱导因子-1α、血清淀粉样蛋白A水平和临床症状评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组临床总有效率为85.37%,明显高于对照组的73.17%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 布地奈德雾化吸入配合无创机械通气治疗可有效提高COPD并发呼吸衰竭老年患者的肺功能,改善动脉血气、生命体征和临床症状,减轻机体的氧化应激和炎症反应,值得临床使用。

The Value of Positive Pressure Ventilations for Clients in Acute Respiratory Distress as a Result of Cardiac and Pulmonary Issues

Objective: Research was conducted to examine benefits to using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) early in the treatment of respiratory distress caused by pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Limitations to successful NIV and CPAP therapy were evaluated to determine how prolonged initiation of treatment may lead to hypoxemia (decreased oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide in the blood) resulting in poor outcomes. Method: Reviews of literature from nursing and allied health data bases (CINAHL and ProQuest) with terms pulmonary edema, positive pressure device and non-invasive ventilation from 2010 to 2014 were used. Studies were conducted in the hospital and prehospital settings. Results: The literature search located 7 articles from CINAHL and 25 articles from ProQuest. A total of 6 of these articles were analyzed. Additional sources of data were obtained from Ignatavicius and Workman (2013) Medical-Surgical Nursing Patient-Centered Collaborative Care 7th edition and American Journal of Nursing (02/2013) Volume 113: 2. Conclusion: All of the articles concluded that early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure ventilations in the short-term was beneficial;however, late initiation of therapy required additional interventions. The studies indicated that early use of positive airway pressure in acute respiratory distress improved breath rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The use of positive airway pressure for respiratory distress may decrease the need for endotracheal intubation.

无创机械通气联合呼吸训练在AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者中的应用评价

目的:探讨无创机械通气联合呼吸训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者的效果。方法:前瞻性纳入2019年2月—2022年2月桂林医学院附属医院急诊科收治的AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者共67例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组。对照组(n=33)接受间断无创机械通气治疗,观察组(n=34)在对照组基础上增加主动呼吸训练(包括上肢弹力带阻抗训练、缩唇腹式呼吸、呼吸训练器使用)。记录两组2 d内撤机成功率、不良反应发生率,比较两组氧合指数(OI)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、改良版英国医学研究委员会(mMRC)呼吸困难问卷分级、呼吸频率(RR)、自主呼吸潮气量。结果:对照组2 d内撤机成功率为60.6%,观察组为82.4%,观察组的撤机成功率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组咳痰乏力、呼吸疲劳发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗2 d后的OI和PaCO_(2)均有显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2 d后,观察组PaCO_(2)低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组OI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗2 d后的mMRC呼吸困难问卷分级和RR均有明显下降,自主呼吸潮气量均有明显提升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2 d后,两组mMRC呼吸困难问卷分级和RR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组患者自主呼吸潮气量明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者进行无创机械通气联合呼吸训练,能有效改善呼吸肌疲劳,增加肺通气,提高撤机成功率。

经鼻高流量氧疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并高碳酸血症的疗效分析

目的分析经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并高碳酸血症患者的干预效果。方法选取45例需长期氧疗的稳定期COPD合并高碳酸血症患者作为研究对象,根据不同呼吸支持模式分为长期家庭氧疗(LTOT)组、无创通气(NIV)组、HFNC组,每组15例。比较3组患者出院后一般情况、血气指标、肺功能指标、呼吸状况、生活质量及步行试验结果。结果随访期内,HFNC组、NIV组住院次数、急性加重次数均少于LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后6、12个月,3组动脉血二氧化碳分压[p_(a)(CO_(2))]低于出院前,动脉血氧分压[p_(a)(O_(2))]、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))高于出院前,且HFNC组上述指标变化程度大于NIV组、LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后1、3、6、12个月,3组英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分均逐渐降低,6 min步行距离(6MWD)均逐渐增加,且HFNC组上述指标变化程度大于NIV组、LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC可有效减轻稳定期COPD合并高碳酸血症患者呼吸困难症状,改善肺功能,促进血气指标恢复正常,还可提升生活质量和运动耐力,降低再入院率。

NICU早产儿无创正压通气护理质量评价指标的构建

目的:构建新生儿重症监护室(NICU)早产儿无创正压通气护理质量评价指标,为临床评价NICU早产儿无创正压通气护理质量提供依据。方法:以“结构-过程-结果”三维质量评价模型为基础,于2023年1月—4月采用德尔菲法对25名专家进行问卷函询,并通过层次分析法确立NICU早产儿无创正压通气护理质量评价指标内容及各指标权重。结果:共开展2轮函询,问卷有效回收率分别为92.0%、100.0%,专家权威系数为0.922,0.928,肯德尔和谐系数为0.156,0.180。最终构建了3级结构模式评价指标,设有一级指标3项、二级指标14项、三级指标78项。结论:构建的无创正压通气护理质量评价指标内容科学、合理,具有较强的专科特色,可为早产儿无创正压通气护理质量评价提供参考依据。

综合护理干预对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者生命质量的作用

目的:探讨综合护理干预对青海地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者生命质量的改善效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年12月在青海红十字医院睡眠医学科行多导睡眠监测(PSG)和无创呼吸机治疗的中重度OSAHS住院患者392例作为研究对象,根据收治的时间登记表单双号顺序将患者分为对照组(单号)和观察组(双号),每组196例。对照组给予普通护理,观察组给予综合护理。比较2组干预前后Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、睡眠呼吸暂停生命质量指数(SAQLl)评分及干预后持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗依从性。结果:干预后,2组患者ESS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后ESS、SAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组干预后完成CPAP治疗患者例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预后可显著提高患者CPAP治疗的依从性,提高疗效,提高患者的生命质量。

飞利浦V60无创呼吸机故障图像分析与解决方案研究

我院重症监护室V60无创呼吸机在使用期间频发故障,本课题组经对2023年3月—7月期间的故障图像、数据、工作原理及系统组成进行深入分析,发现“主报警失败”和“100A”故障报警代码的具体原因。针对故障问题,本课题采取更换隔音棉材料、固定通讯电缆线的方式,并实施预防性维护计划。改进措施实施后,同类型故障报修率大幅下降,显著提升了呼吸机的稳定性和可靠性。此外,本课题组的研究成果还为生产厂家提供了产品改良建议,为未来无创呼吸机的设计和管理提供了新思路。

分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响

目的探究分阶段式呼吸肌训练对提高呼吸衰竭患者无创通气撤机成功率的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科(pulmonary and critical care medicine,PCCM)治疗的102例呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施分阶段式呼吸肌训练。分别于干预前和干预2周后比较2组患者撤机成功率、机械通气时间及呼吸肌力水平及氧合指数情况。结果干预2周后,观察组撤机成功率高于对照组,且机械通气时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组最大口腔吸气压(MIP)、最大口腔呼气压(MEP)及氧合指数均高于干预前,且观察组高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分阶段式呼吸肌训练在临床护理中效果较好,可促进呼吸衰竭患者呼吸肌力恢复,改善膈肌功能,缩短机械通气时间,提高撤机成功率。

经鼻高流量湿化治疗仪治疗慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒患者的效果

目的:分析经鼻高流量湿化治疗仪应用于慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒的治疗效果,探讨其对患者血气指标及肺功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年10月在北京市昌平区医院呼吸与危重症学科治疗的100例慢阻肺急性加重伴呼吸性酸中毒患者的临床资料。根据治疗方式的不同分为两组,各50例。观察组接受经鼻高流量湿化氧疗,对照组接受无创正压通气治疗。比较两组的血气指标、肺功能指标、治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血气指标、肺功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组pH值、氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(OI)均高于治疗前,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于治疗前,且观察组pH值、PaO_(2)、OI高于对照组,PaCO_(2)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰流速值(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV_(1)/FVC%)均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经鼻高流量湿化氧疗、无创正压通气治疗都是慢阻肺急性加重期伴呼吸性酸中毒辅助通气的有效方法,而经鼻高流量湿化氧疗可有效提高治疗效果,改善患者血气指标及肺功能,不良反应少,安全性更高。

1例心源性脑梗死后出血转化合并心肾综合征病人应用无创呼吸机治疗的护理

总结1例心源性脑梗死后出血转化合并心肾综合征病人应用无创呼吸机治疗的护理经验。护理要点:无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗的护理、液体及营养支持管理、静脉血栓的预防及处理、预防和控制感染、联合康复科制订渐进式康复方案、出院指导与随访。经过21 d的精心治疗和护理,病人病情稳定,顺利转回当地医院继续康复治疗。

Long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a meta-analysis

Background The evidence for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） used in patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is insufficient. The aim of the meta-analysis was to assess the treatment effects of long-term NIPPV on gas change, lung function, health-related quality of life （HRQL）, survival and mortality in severe stable COPD patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and crossover studies comparing the treatment effects of NIPPV with conventional therapy were identified from electronic databases and reference lists from January 1995 to August 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. Data were combined using Review Manager 5.0. Both pooled effects and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Five RCTs and one randomized crossover study with a total of 383 severe stable COPD patients were included NIPPV improved gas change significantly when using a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures. The weighted mean difference （WMD） for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery （PaCO2） was -3.52 （-5.26, -1.77） mmHg and for the partial pressure of oxygen in artery （PaO2） 2.84 （0.23, 5.44） mmHg. There were significant improvements in dyspnea and sleep quality, but gained no benefits on lung function. The standardized mean difference （SMD） for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1） was 0.00 （0.29, 0.29）. And the benefits for exercise tolerance, mood, survival and mortality remained unclear. Conclusions Patients with severe stable COPD can gain some substantial treatment benefits when using NIPPV, especially improvements in gas change, dyspnea and sleep quality. Studies of high methodological quality with large population, especially those based on a higher inspiratory positive airway pressures are required to provide more evidences.

Application of non-invasive ventilation in China over 20 years

Over the last 20 years, the application of non-invasive ventilation （NIV） in China has progressively increased both in the hospital and extrahospital setting. The history of the NIV and its increasing spread in the clinical practice over China are one of the most important results of the cooperation between medicine and non-invasive mechanic technology.

无创通气AVAPS模式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗价值

目的分析无创机械通气平均容积保证压力支持(AVAPS)模式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗价值。方法选取2021年1月~2022年12月在北京市房山区良乡医院呼吸科住院的82例慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机数表法分为对照组(n=42)和观察组(n=40)。对照组采用双水平正压通气(BiPAP)S T模式+内科治疗方案,观察组采用AVAPS模式(S T+VT目标)+内科治疗方案。观察两组患者血气指标变化、通气效果和呼吸机相关并发症发生率。结果对照组患者呼吸机不耐受给予内科治疗5例、治疗失败气管插管者8例;观察组40例,呼吸机不耐受2例、治疗失败气管插管者3例,并且插管后进呼吸重症监护室(RICU)治疗,无1人死亡,其余患者全都好转出院。机械通气治疗后,两组患者pH值均上升,二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))降低,与机械通气前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组机械通气不同时刻pH值的上升与PaCO_(2)降低优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组平均潮气量(VT)(520.00±50.00)ml、每分钟静息通气量(VE)(9.77±1.30)L min高于对照组,呼吸频率(RR)(16.00±1.00)次min、平均漏气量(Lleak)(18.00±6.00)L min明显低于对照组,人均呼吸机吸氧时间日(TA)(7.35±2.44)h和人均带机时间(TB)(52.89±9.85)h高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=9.979、6.999、11.366、9.347、7.944、11.672,P<0.05)。观察组患者机械通气治疗依从性90.0%高于对照组71.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.499,P<0.05)。观察组气管插管率7.50%、面部压伤7.50%、胃肠胀气5.00%、吸入性肺炎2.50%和眼结膜炎2.50%均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无创机械通气平均容积保证压力支持AVAPS模式减少呼吸肌做功,人机协调性好,较BiPAP显示出一定的优越性。

莫西沙星溶液雾化吸入配合无创呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并肺部感染的效果

目的 探讨莫西沙星溶液雾化吸入配合无创呼吸机治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AECOPD)合并肺部感染的效果。方法 选取2020年1月-2023年1月收治的AECOPD合并肺部感染120例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例。2组均予以常规治疗,于此基础上,对照组予以无创呼吸机治疗,观察组予以莫西沙星溶液雾化吸入配合无创呼吸机治疗。2组均治疗2周。比较2组临床疗效及治疗前、治疗3 d后、治疗7 d后辅助呼吸肌评分、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(acute physiological and chronic health statusⅡ, APACHEⅡ)评分、血气分析[动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(arterial oxygen partial pressure, PaO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation, SaO2)]、血清炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C response protein, CRP)]、NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3)/半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)/白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)炎症免疫信号通路相关mRNA表达。结果 观察组总有效率[96.67%(58/60)]较对照组[85.00%(51/60)]高(P<0.05);治疗3 d、7 d后,观察组辅助呼吸肌评分、APACHEⅡ评分及TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β mRNA低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3 d、7 d后,观察组PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)较对照组升高,PaCO_(2)较对照组降低(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率[13.33%(8/60)]与对照组[8.33%(5/60)]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 莫西沙星溶液雾化吸入配合无创呼吸机能改善AECOPD合并肺部感染患者血气指标,降低血清炎性因子,改善患者健康状况,疗效显著,可能与调节NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β炎症免疫信号通路有关。