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Various Aetiologies of Non-Traumatic Coccydynia Cause Pain in the Posterior Sacrococcygeal Leg of the Pelvic Tripod: A Burden on the Healthcare Sector
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作者 Kumar Satya Nandivada Venkata Kiran Nadavinamani Shivanand Raghavendra +3 位作者 Oommen Elsy Biju Bharadwaja Nikhil Nandivada Nandivada Vaishnavi Rizvi Usama Ahmed 《Open Journal of Orthopedics》 2024年第7期334-353,共20页
Introduction: Coccydynia, television disease, and coccygodynia are the different names given to this disabling disease, which can become chronic. It was described by Simson in 1859. Coccydynia means pain at the end of... Introduction: Coccydynia, television disease, and coccygodynia are the different names given to this disabling disease, which can become chronic. It was described by Simson in 1859. Coccydynia means pain at the end of the vertebral column. Non-traumatic coccydynia is a diagnosis, which is never straightforward like traumatic coccydynia because the onset is unclear, and both the patient and the unaware clinician face many challenges in treating it on time and with accuracy. Coccyx was likened to a cuckoo bird’s beak as a curved bone of fused 3 to 5 vertebrae with remnant disc material in some rare cases, unfused segments, linear scoliosis or subluxations and deformities. Stress X-rays of the coccyx in the antero-posterior and lateral views in standing and sitting reveal the “Dynamic Instability” due to congenital coccygeal morphological, pathological and mechanical variations. Material and Methods: This is a complex study having retrograde data collected from online publications from various databases, like PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and also antegrade data collected from 100 patients with their consent from patients in Adam and Eve Specialised Medical Centre-based at Abu Dhabi, UAE and data was processed in the research centre of Krushi Orthopaedic Welfare Society based in India between 2014-2024 following all guidelines of Helsinki and approved by the ethics board of Krushi Orthopaedic Welfare Society. Clinical Presentation: The coccyx is painful, with aches, spasms, and an inability to sit. This affects daily activities without any particular date of onset. The onset remains insidious for the non-traumatic variety of coccydynia. Aetiology and Patho Anatomy: Non-traumatic coccydynia can be caused by a myriad of reasons, like congenital morphological variations, acquired dynamic instabilities, and hidden trauma remaining quiescent to re-surface as a strain-induced pain. Radiological Presentations: Unless clarity is focused on these coccygeal views, the errors of the unevacuated rectum, non-dynamic standing views, improper X-ray exposure and refuge by insurance companies to approve the much needed but multiple views in radiological investigation (Stress X-ray), MRI scan, lack of awareness by the clinician, all lead to missed diagnosis with its repercussions as congenital variations in morphology, acquired changes in structure/mobility, pathologies like tumours like congenital teratoma & adult onset chordoma, Tarlov cysts, pilonidal sinus or infections—even tuberculosis, dural syndrome, stiff coccyx due to ankylosing spondylitis and many others like relation to neurosis have all been documented. Treatment options are outside the scope of this research topic, as only the differential diagnosis is being stressed here, so that the clinician and the patient do not overlook the varying aetiology, which is the first step to timely and appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Level 3 evidence is available pointing towards many aetiologies causing non-traumatic coccydynia, and in this study of 100 patients by Krushi O W S, a non-profit organisation, the results were as follows: 1) Coccydynia is more common in Type II coccyx and bony spicules. 2) Coccydynia is more prevalent when the sacrococcygeal joints are not fused. 3) Coccydynia is more prevalent when there is subluxation at the intercoccygeal joints. 4) Coccydynia is more when the sacral angle is lower. 5) Coccydynia is associated with higher sacrococcygeal curved length. 6) Coccydynia is associated with a lower sacrococcygeal curvature index. 7) Gender variations: The coccygeal curvature index was lower in females with coccydynia;the intercoccygeal angle was lower in males. 8) Both obese and thin individuals can get affected due to different weight-bearing mechanics in play. 展开更多
关键词 COCCYDYNIA Coccygodynia Pelvic Floor CHORDOMA Pilonidal Sinus Fused Sacrococcygeal Segment Non-Traumatic Coccydynia Entrapment of Coccygeal Nerves Dural Syndrome
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Comparison Study between Posterior Fossa Decompression with Duroplasty and Posterior Fossa Decompression without Duroplasty, in 20 Cases of Chiari I Malformation
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作者 Ahmed M. Elshanawany 《Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery》 2018年第4期353-359,共7页
Introduction: Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is typically defined as descent of the caudal tip of cerebellar tonsils at least 5 mm below the foramen magnum. The incidence of the malformation is not exactly known. T... Introduction: Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is typically defined as descent of the caudal tip of cerebellar tonsils at least 5 mm below the foramen magnum. The incidence of the malformation is not exactly known. Treatment of Chiari I malformation is debatable. Some advocate posterior fossa decompression (PFD) with duroplasty and others advocate posterior fossa decompression only without duroplasty. Aim of the Study: To compare the outcomes of patients who undergoing PFD with duroplasty and PFD without duroplasty, in Chiari I malformation. Patients and Methods: In the period between “January 2015-June 2016”, a prospective study was conducted involving 20 patients complaining of headache, motor and/or sensory affection secondary to Chiari I malformation. These patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first one had PFD with duroplasty and the other will have PFD without duroplasty. All patients had chiari one malformation in form of tonsillar herniation and cervical or cervico-dorsal syrinx. The average follow-up period was 9 months. Results: Over 90% of patients had a good clinical outcome, with improvement or resolution of their symptoms at last follow-up. There were no major complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.0 days. There was no perioperative death or neurological deterioration. The use of duroplasty was significantly associated with presence of complications and longer duration of hospital stay. Conclusion: PFD without duroplasty in cases of chiari I malformation carries a good results as well as PFD with duroplasty with lower risk of complications. 展开更多
关键词 CHIARI MALFORMATION non-dural OPENING Procedure Suboccipital DECOMPRESSION Duroplasty OUTCOMES
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硬脑膜动静脉瘘出血及非出血性神经功能障碍的危险因素分析
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作者 张鹏 王蒙 +4 位作者 刘超 韩伟杰 张振宇 孙红卫 刘献志 《郑州大学学报(医学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2020年第5期724-727,共4页
目的:探讨硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)出血及非出血性神经功能障碍(NHND)的危险因素。方法:选择经DSA确诊的161例DAVF患者,收集临床资料,分析其年龄、性别、临床表现、影像学特点、治疗方式及预后等情况,并进行随访。研究的终点事件为出血和N... 目的:探讨硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)出血及非出血性神经功能障碍(NHND)的危险因素。方法:选择经DSA确诊的161例DAVF患者,收集临床资料,分析其年龄、性别、临床表现、影像学特点、治疗方式及预后等情况,并进行随访。研究的终点事件为出血和NHND。采用Cox回归分析颅内出血和NHND的危险因素。结果:161例患者中发生颅内出血26例,发生NHND 30例。瘘口位置位于大静脉窦区54例,海绵窦区46例,其他窦区61例。根据有无皮层静脉引流(CVD)和皮层引流静脉扩张(VE)分为3组:无CVD组38例,有CVD无VE组100例,CVD+VE组23例。Cox回归分析结果显示VE是DAVF发生出血(HR=3.759,95%CI=1.515~9.328,P=0.004)和NHND(HR=4.351,95%CI=1.922~9.852,P<0.001)的危险因素。结论:VE是DAVF患者发生出血和NHND的危险因素。 展开更多
关键词 硬脑膜动静脉瘘 出血 非出血性神经功能障碍 皮层静脉引流 静脉扩张
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