The Future Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma? Non-Invasive Physical Plasma as an Innovative Oncological Therapy Modality

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most important urological tumors and is one of the most common cancer diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, the treatment options are very limited due to resistances. Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) is currently becoming a promising and very well tolerated treatment option for cancer. NIPP represents a highly energized gas and induces varying antioncogenic cell responses in tumor cells. And also in the case of RCC, NIPP treatment has great potential to enhance and supplement existing anticancer treatment options. Outstanding characteristics of NIPP treatment are 1) a precise and local effect on the treated tissue and 2) an almost exclusive effect on treated tumor cells without side effects. This allows an enormously large therapeutic window and makes the combination of NIPP treatment and classical therapy appear particularly promising. In addition to RCC, plasma oncology offers an extremely innovative physical treatment method for future oncology in general. This brief review article summarizes the current knowledge on the potential use of NIPP in RCC therapy.

Relativistic Corrections to the Maxwellian Distribution for Astrophysical and Fusion Plasmas

We present calculations and improvement inspired by the work of Lorenzo Zaninetti, published in 2020, it concerns a problem whose origin dates back 1911 with so called Maxwell-Jüttner distribution these lies on the Lorentz factor , with . This work uses powerful modern software for a reconstruction of Zaninetti work, which computes with special functions, these are included in the Mathematica software, as by instance Bessel and Meijer G-functions ready to manipulate. A progress is made, it is possible to perform an integral that is not computed in Zaninetti paper. This author connects the correct relativistic probability law: the Maxwell-Jüttner to the synchrotron emissivity with a magnetic B field, this work generalize these results, using the linear Stark effect and deals with an electric field E.

New Soliton Wave Solutions to a Nonlinear Equation Arising in Plasma Physics

The extraction of traveling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations is a challenge in various mathematics,physics,and engineering disciplines.This article intends to analyze several traveling wave solutions for themodified regularized long-wave(MRLW)equation using several approaches,namely,the generalized algebraic method,the Jacobian elliptic functions technique,and the improved Q-expansion strategy.We successfully obtain analytical solutions consisting of rational,trigonometric,and hyperbolic structures.The adaptive moving mesh technique is applied to approximate the numerical solution of the proposed equation.The adaptive moving mesh method evenly distributes the points on the high error areas.This method perfectly and strongly reduces the error.We compare the constructed exact and numerical results to ensure the reliability and validity of the methods used.To better understand the considered equation’s physical meaning,we present some 2D and 3D figures.The exact and numerical approaches are efficient,powerful,and versatile for establishing novel bright,dark,bell-kink-type,and periodic traveling wave solutions for nonlinear PDEs.

Tunable energy spectrum betatron x-ray sources in a plasma wakefield

X-ray sources with tunable energy spectra have a wide range of applications in different scenarios due to their different penetration depths.However,existing x-ray sources face difficulties in terms of energy regulation.In this paper,we present a scheme for tuning the energy spectrum of a betatron x-ray generated from a relativistic electron bunch oscillating in a plasma wakefield.The center energy of the x-ray source can be tuned from several keV to several hundred keV by changing the plasma density,thereby extending the control range by an order of magnitude.At different central energies,the brightness of the betatron radiation is in the range of 3.7×10^(22)to 5.5×10^(22)photons/(0.1%BW·s·mm^(2)·mrad^(2))and the photon divergence angle is about 2 mrad.This high-brightness,energy-controlled betatron source could pave the way to a wide range of applications requiring photons of specific energy,such as phase-contrast imaging in medicine,non-destructive testing and material analysis in industry,and imaging in nuclear physics.

The state-of-the-art of atmospheric pressure plasma for transdermal drug delivery

Plasma-enhanced transdermal drug delivery(TDD) presents advantages over traditional methods,including painless application, minimal skin damage, and rapid recovery of permeability. To harness its clinical potential, factors related to plasma’s unique properties, such as reactive species and electric fields, must be carefully considered.This review provides a concise summary of conventional TDD methods and subsequently offers a comprehensive examination of the current state-of-the-art in plasma-enhanced TDD. This includes an analysis of the impact of plasma on HaCaT human keratinocyte cells, ex vivo/in vivo studies, and clinical research on plasma-assisted TDD. Moreover, the review explores the effects of plasma on skin physical characteristics such as microhole formation, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), molecular structure of the stratum corneum(SC), and skin resistance. Additionally, it discusses the involvement of various reactive agents in plasma-enhanced TDD, encompassing electric fields,charged particles, UV/VUV radiation, heat, and reactive species. Lastly, the review briefly addresses the temporal behavior of the skin after plasma treatment, safety considerations, and potential risks associated with plasma-enhanced TDD.

Non-invasive Prenatal Gene Diagnosis: Progress through Cell-free Fetal DNA and RNA in Maternal Plasma and Urine

Non-invasive prenatal gene diagnosis has been developed rapidly in the recent years, and numerous medical researchers are focusing on it. Such techniques could not only achieve prenatal diagnosis accurately, but also prevent tangential illness in fetuses and thus, reduce the incidence of diseases. Moreover, it is non-invasive prenatal gene diagnosis that prevents potential threaten and danger to both mothers and fetuses. Therefore, it is welcomed by clinical gynecologist and obstetrian, researchers of medical genetics, and especially, pregnancies. This review article touches briefly on the advanced development of using cell-free DNA, RNA in maternal plasma and urine for non-invasive prenatal gene diagnosis.

Physical Alloying of Plasma Metallization Carbide Nanocomposite Coating by Allotropic Carbon Nanostructures

The fundamental scientific problem for micro- and nano-electronics has been solved—methods for creating and investigating properties of physically doped materials with spatially inhomogeneous structure at the micro- and nano-meter scale have been developed. For the application of functional nanocomposite film coatings based on carbides of various transition metals structured by nanocarbon, for the first time in the world, we developed a new technique for their plasma deposition on a substrate without the use of reaction gases (hydrocarbons such as propane, acetylene, etc.). We have created nanostructured film materials, including those with increased strength and wear resistance, heterogeneous at the nanoscale, physically doped with nanostructures—quantum traps for free electrons. We learned how to simultaneously spray (in a plasma of a stationary magnetron discharge) carbides and graphite from a special mosaic target (carbide + carbon) made mechanically. As a result of such stationary sputtering of carbides and carbon, plasma nanostructured coatings were obtained from nanocarbides, metal nanocrystals and nanocarbon. Our design of such a target made it possible to intensively cool it in the magnetron body and spray its parts (carbide + carbon) simultaneously with a high power density of a constant plasma discharge—in the range of values from 40 W/cm2 to 125 W/cm2. Such sputtering with a change in the power or the initial relative surface areas of various parts of the mosaic target (carbon and carbide) made it possible to change the average density of carbide, metal and carbon in a nanostructured (nanocarbon and metal nanostructures) coating. The changed relative density of various components of the nanocomposite (nanostructures of carbide, metal, and carbon in the form of graphite) significantly affected the physical properties of the nanocomposite coating. The creating method of multiphase nanostructured composite coatings (based on carbides of transition metals) with high hardness of 30 GPa, a low coefficient of friction to dry 0.13 - 0.16, with high heat resistance up to 3000°C and thermal stability in the nanocrystalline state over 1200°C is developed. It is established that the presence of nanographite in the composite significantly improves the impact strength and extends the range of possible applications, compared with pure carbides. The solution to this problem will allow creating new nanostructured materials, investigating their various physical parameters with high accuracy, designing, manufacturing and operating devices with new technical and functional capabilities, including for the nuclear industry and rocket science.

Part 2: Review of Tokamak Physics as a Way to Construct a Device Optimal for Graviton Detection and Generation within a Confined Small Spatial Volume, as Opposed to Dyson’s “Infinite Astrophysical Volume” Calculations

Review of arguments in refutation of Dyson’s alleged prohibition against use of device physics as to determining if Gravitons can be determined to exist is followed up by use of a hot Plasma within a Tokamak in a redo of the amplitude of alleged Gravitational waves. This overlaps with gravitons, and we follow up with an analysis of the pertinent form of Gravitons, i.e. do we have massless or massive gravitons. In addition we also obtain GW of amplitude as low as five meters above the Tokamak center such low strain values are extremely close to brane world GW, and strain values in early universe cosmology. This is after our device analysis. Using Grischuk and Sachin (1975) amplitude for the GW generation due to plasma in a toroid, we generalize this result for Tokamak physics. We obtain evidence for strain values up to?in a Tokamak center. These values are an order of magnitude sufficient to allow for possible detection of gravitational waves. The critical breakthrough is in utilizing a burning plasma drift current, which relies upon a thermal contribution to an electric field. Such low strain values are extremely close to brane world GW, and strain values in early universe cosmology. We conclude with statements as to comparing our basic results with those of Yan-Gang Miao, Ying-Jie Zhao as to their generalized HUP which gives support to the suppositions given in our comparison of the character of gravitons which are initially at the start of inflation versus those of our present era, as measured by the Tokamak.

Transformation Plasma Physics

Plasma technology has widespread applications in many fields, whereas the methods for manipulating plasma transport are limited to magnetic control. In this study, we used a simplified diffusion-migration approach to describe plasma transport. The feasibility of the transformation theory for plasma transport was demonstrated.As potential applications, we designed three model devices capable of cloaking, concentrating, and rotating plasmas without disturbing the density profile of plasmas in the background. This research may help advance plasma technology in practical fields, such as medicine and chemistry.

On the Physical Basis of Self-Organization

Experiments performed with the aim to explain pattern formation in plasma devices offer, as I will show in this survey, a new insight into the mechanism by which locally matter transits spontaneously from a disordered state into an ordered one. The essential news revealed by these experiments is the identification of a population of electrons that, driven at a critical distance from thermal equilibrium, is able to act as the organizer of the emergence and the survival of a complexity starting from chaos, i.e., from electric sparks the appearance of which is controlled by deterministic chaos. Supplied at a constant rate with thermal energy extracted by electrons from plasma, the complexity survives in a dynamical state performing operations in agreement with a code directly related to electrons thermal energy distribution function. Acting as a constituent of the matter, the population of electrons intrinsically controls the emergence and the survival of the complexity. Performing operations directly related to electron’s thermal energy distribution function, the complexity evolves stepwise in more advanced self-organized dynamical states, when this function is changed by an additional injection of energy. A set of nonlinear phenomena, not explainable by classical processes is involved in the mechanism by which the complexity emerges, survives and evolves. Thus, phenomena like Bose-Einstein condensation, macroscopic quantum coherence, direct and alternate Josephson effects, electron tunneling, negative differential impedance and others, potentially explain the emergence, functionality and vitality, i.e., the dynamical state of the complexity.

Brief Introduction to the Foundation of CAI Shidong Award for Plasma Physics

The late Academician Professor CAI Shidong was an outstanding plasma physicist who had made seminal contributions in both fundamental plasma theories and controlled thermonuclear fusion energy research. Professor CAI was also one of the pioneers in China＇s plasma physics research. In 1973, Professor CAI decided to leave U.S.

不同制备工艺参数对PS-PVD-8YSZ涂层微结构及性能的影响

作为新型热障涂层工艺制备技术,等离子物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)射流具有高能高速等特性,涂层沉积时存在扰流作用导致涂层微结构及性能的显著影响。为了减少圆柱体工装扰流作用,掌握工艺参数对涂层微结构的基本影响规律,采用平面工装系统研究不同PS-PVD工艺参数下,如喷涂电流、送粉量、喷枪摆动及样品旋转参数等对涂层微结构的影响规律。研究结果表明:送粉量和喷枪-样品相对运动参数对涂层微结构影响较大,可快速实现涂层微结构的调控;喷涂电流的变化通过柱状晶尺寸和冷凝纳米颗粒含量等方面影响涂层微结构,涂层显微硬度随喷涂电流增大而降低;喷涂沉积距离的影响较小,喷涂距离增大使沉积效率和柱状晶发散生长程度降低,冷凝纳米颗粒含量提高,同时涂层显微硬度呈现先降低后升高的趋势。JL-11NP粉末表现出宽幅工艺范围内准柱状结构的获得能力,进一步掌握低沉积电流工艺条件下基于气-固-液三相复合沉积的影响规律。开展了低电流工艺参数条件下PS-PVD涂层的微结构调控及沉积机制研究,研究成果可为兼顾隔热和寿命、抗冲蚀的涂层性能结构优化及调控奠定良好基础。

弱相对论涡旋光在等离子体中传播的波前畸变及补偿

涡旋光与等离子体相互作用近年来在激光等离子体领域引起了广泛的关注.深入研究涡旋光在等离子体中的传播对粒子加速和辐射源产生等工作具有重要意义.本文着重探讨了弱相对论涡旋光在等离子中传播时,传播过程对电磁波结构的影响.基于三维粒子模拟,发现弱相对论涡旋光在等离子体中传播时会产生波前畸变.在给定等离子体密度时,畸变程度与电磁波强度及传播距离密切相关.基于相位修正模型,通过考虑电子相对论质量修正,在理论上对该现象进行了解释.此外,研究还发现可以通过设置适当的初始密度调制对波前畸变进行补偿抑制,并通过三维粒子模拟进行了验证.本工作加强了对涡旋光在等离子体中传播过程的理解,并为设计应用于相对论涡旋光的等离子体器件提供了参考.

改性芳纶短纤维增强氯丁橡胶/顺丁橡胶复合材料的实验研究

采用等离子体/油酸钾协同处理对芳纶纤维进行改性,并研究了改性芳纶纤维对氯丁橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胶的增强作用。结果表明,等离子体的高能冲击使芳纶纤维的表面粗糙度增大,增加了芳纶纤维的表面积,并在芳纶纤维表面引入活性位点;油酸钾改性促进了芳纶纤维极性的削弱及其与橡胶的界面结合;经过等离子体/油酸钾协同处理的改性芳纶纤维增强后,橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度提高了25.85%,定伸模量提高了34.65%,刚度提高了10.96%,在正硫化时间(t90)未改变的情况下,焦烧时间(t10)下降。

变极性等离子弧焊技术发展及其在航天制造领域应用现状

变极性等离子弧(VariablePolarityPlasmaArc,VPPA)焊是一种高效的铝合金和镁合金焊接方法,其主要优势在于等离子电弧具有高能量密度,可以在焊接时穿透熔池形成小孔,大幅度降低焊接变形和残余应力,提高焊接质量。了解熔池小孔行为、电弧物理特性和控制方法对于优化和提高焊接过程的稳定性至关重要。本文综述了VPPA焊接技术发展的最新情况,对VPPA焊接过程信息的检测研究为深刻认识焊接稳定性机理提供了有力保障,尤其是利用X射线成像系统观测熔融金属流动的研究,对提升VPPA穿孔熔池物理本质的认识做出了重要贡献。此外,针对不同位置VPPA焊接的研究增加了这一焊接工艺的灵活性,由VPPA焊接衍生的多种拓展工艺拓宽了该焊接方法的适用范围。VPPA穿孔焊接技术以其焊接变形小、焊后无缺陷、单面焊接双面一次成形等优势,成为航空航天领域铝合金中厚板材焊接制造的优选工艺。

不同阴极材料对PS-PVD等离子射流的影响

目的探究热阴极材料对先进等离子物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)射流的影响。方法分别采用铈钨、钍钨和镧钨材料制备大功率等离子喷枪阴极,在相同工艺条件下制备涂层,采用光学发射光谱仪(OES)检测无送粉和送粉状态下的等离子射流光谱强度,分别评价射流的能量场分布及稳定性,通过扫描电子显微镜对涂层微观形貌进行观察和分析。结果在无送粉状态下,使用镧钨阴极时射流中的ArⅠ和HeⅠ特征峰强度在400~1000 mm之间最高,在1000 mm后显著降低;使用钍钨阴极时,轴向中心ArⅠ特征峰强度逐渐升至1000 mm处,之后缓慢下降,HeⅠ特征峰强度的下降速度较快;使用铈钨阴极时,从600~1200 mm,ArⅠ特征峰强度衰减得最缓慢,HeⅠ特征峰的强度逐渐提高;射流光谱强度波动幅度从大到小的顺序为铈钨、钍钨、镧钨;在送粉状态下,在强度峰值区域,钍钨阴极激发射流中不同元素的光谱强度最高,镧钨和铈钨阴极激发射流光谱强度接近,在射流轴线上方均为铈钨阴极的射流光谱强度最高;在高浓度气相区内,钍钨阴极所制备涂层以高气相比例沉积为主,枝晶生长发达,铈钨和镧钨阴极制备涂层柱间出现了较多的球形冷凝颗粒。结论镧钨阴极产生的射流在轴向400~1000 mm范围内的能量强度最高,射流稳定性最好,但在1000 mm之后存在较大的轴向和径向(HeⅠ)能量衰减,其最优喷涂距离应大于等于1000 mm;钍钨阴极产生的射流在轴向400~1000 mm区域内的能量强度和稳定性低于镧钨阴极,但大于1000 mm射流能量强度衰减的速度较慢;铈钨阴极产生的射流在轴向600~1200 mm之间的能量强度衰减最小,且轴向和径向均表现出宽域的能量和气相分布特征,但射流稳定性不足。

物理抗菌网液在儿童低温等离子扁桃体切除术后康复中的应用效果

目的 探讨物理抗菌网液在儿童低温等离子扁桃体切除术后康复中的应用效果。方法 便利抽样法选取2022年6月至2023年6月温州医科大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉科接受治疗的180例儿童扁桃体切除术患儿,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各90例。对照组术后采用常规护理措施,观察组在常规护理的基础上采用物理抗菌网液。比较两组患儿术后并发症总发生率、住院时间、切口愈合时间及临床疗效。结果 观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院时间、切口愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 物理抗菌网液在儿童低温等离子扁桃体切除术后口腔管理中的应用效果显著,有助于降低患儿术后并发症的发生,促进手术切口的早期恢复,值得临床推广应用。

基于元学习的气体放电等离子体电子Boltzmann方程数值求解

在气体放电等离子体中,电子的输运行为可由Boltzmann方程精确描述,该方程的解是许多等离子体仿真模型的基础。物理信息神经网络作为一种求解Boltzmann方程的新型方法,虽克服了传统数值方法网格剖分和方程离散的缺陷,但其参数空间规模大,在求解多任务时训练效率较低。为此,该文构建了一种基于元学习的双循环物理信息神经网络,在内循环中对多个Boltzmann方程求解任务进行优化训练,得到各任务优化后的元损失函数,用于在外循环中进行网络参数更新,从而提高网络在求解新任务时的计算效率。计算结果表明,基于元学习的双循环物理信息神经网络在求解新的Boltzmann方程时,网络损失函数值和L2误差值的下降速度均显著快于普通的物理信息神经网络。此外,该文还研究了网络容量和内循环迭代次数对Boltzmann方程多任务求解效率的影响,结果显示计算效率并不随网络容量的增大而提高,且受内循环迭代次数影响较小。

基于JEC-FDTD等效循环神经网络的电磁建模和等离子体参数反演

磁化等离子体中的电磁波传播是重要的研究课题,针对特定场景下的电磁等离子耦合问题,进行有效且准确的方程建模与参数求解具有极强的研究价值和挑战性,这是探究电磁波与等离子体复杂非线性相互作用机制的关键。文中设计了一种可用于电磁等离子体正逆向建模的循环神经网络(recurrent neural network,RNN),该网络正向传播过程等价于任意磁倾角情况下的电流密度卷积时域有限差分(current density convolution finite-difference time-domain,JEC-FDTD)方法,因此可以求解给定的电磁建模问题,并易于大规模并行计算。通过构建前向可微模拟过程,JEC-FDTD方法可以使用自动微分技术准确且高效地计算梯度,然后通过训练网络来解决反问题。因此,该方法可以有效利用观测到的时域散射场信号反演重要的等离子体参数。JEC-FDTD方法和RNN相结合,形成了较强的协同效应,使得模型具有可解释性和高效的计算效率,受益于深度学习提供的优化策略和专用硬件支持,可以适用于不同仿真场景下的电磁建模和等离子体参数反演。

Al_(2)O_(3)改性等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积热障涂层的异物损伤行为及失效机理

由外来异物损伤引起的颗粒冲蚀是制约热障涂层使用寿命的重要因素。为了提高等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)热障涂层的耐冲蚀性能,采用磁控溅射和真空热处理在PS-PVD喷涂的7YSZ热障涂层表面制备一层致密的α-Al_(2)O_(3)。系统研究热障涂层的异物损伤行为,并采用第一性原理计算对α-Al_(2)O_(3)/c-ZrO_(2)界面进行研究。结果表明,PS-PVD、大气等离子喷涂(APS)和电子束-物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)热障涂层的冲蚀质量损失率分别为324、248和139μg/g,而Al_(2)O_(3)改性的PS-PVD热障涂层的冲蚀质量损失率降至199μg/g。此外,在Al_(2)O_(3)/ZrO_(2)-O的顶部构型模型中观察到的界面结合能最高(3.88 J/m^(2)),远高于ZrO_(2)/Ni(2.011 J/m^(2)),使界面结合性能得以提高。