The Impact of Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Factors on Non-performing Loans in Sri Lankan Commercial Banks

The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on non-performing loans in systemically and non-systemically important commercial banks in Sri Lanka over 10 year’s period from 2004 to 2013.Also,the study examines the impact of civil war that prevailed in the country for 30 years on the ex-post credit risk of the banking sector.The study employed panel data methodology to investigate the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on non-performing loans.Panel unit root test has been undertaken in order to test the stationary of the variables.Hausman test and Wald coefficient restriction test were used to select the appropriate model out of pooled,random,and fixed effect.A dummy variable panel regression model adopted to study the war effect,considering 2009 as the structural year.Findings revealed that return on assets as a proxy for bank efficiency has a significant negative influence,while non-interest income as a proxy for income diversity is positively correlated with non-performing loans of systemically important banks.Both real gross domestic products and lending rates were highly significant in both bank types.On contrary with literature,growth in bank branches is negatively correlated.Public banks do not account for higher level of non-performing loans compared to their private counterpart.Finally,it was identified that civil war had an effect on the level of non-performing loans in commercial banks.The research would have benefited if the analysis is carried out among classified types of loans offered by commercial banks.Future researchers should involve in identifying the most significant contributing loan type to the non-performing loans and its determinants.This study is one of the few studies which have investigated the causes of non-performing loans in the commercial banking industry in Sri Lanka.The analysis of civil war and its impact on non-performing loans is the first study of that nature to be conducted in the context.

Review of Arbitral Award of Network Loan and Analysis of Construction of Implementation Review Rules

The network arbitration cases arising from the network lending disputes are pouring into the courts in large numbers.It is reported that the network arbitration system of some arbitration institutions even“can accept more than 10,000 cases every day,”while online lending is booming,it has also caused a lot of contradictions and disputes,and traditional dispute resolution methods have failed to effectively respond to the need for efficient and convenient resolution of online lending disputes.This paper tries to study the arbitral award of online loans and proposes the construction of implementation review rules.

A Knowledge-based System for the Analysis of the Ability of Paying back Loans

This paper describes the development of a knowledgebased system (KBS) for determining whether or not, and under what conditions, a bank Ioan officer should grant a business loan to a company. The prototype system developed focuses on what is bank loans risks management, how to prevent risk by the analysis of the ability of paying back loans. The paper makes the structural analysis involved in the system's decision situation, the structured situation diagram or model, dependency diagram and the document needed by the KBS prototype system thus are developed. Through testing the samples from loan business, the quality for the analysis of the ability of paying back loans can be effectively evaluated by the KBS prototype system.

Intelligent Decision Support System for Bank Loans Risk Classification

Intelligent Decision Support System (IISS) for Bank Loans Risk Classification (BLRC), based on the way of integration Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Expert System (ES), is proposed. According to the feature of BLRC, the key financial and non-financial factors are analyzed. Meanwhile, ES and Model Base (MB) which contain ANN are designed . The general framework,interaction and integration of the system are given. In addition, how the system realizes BLRC is elucidated in detail.

Designing of Commercial Bank Loans Risk Early Warning System Based on BP Neural Networks

According to the index early warning method, a commercial bank loans risk early warning system based on BP neural networks is proposed. The warning signal is mainly involved with the financial situation signal of loaning corporation. Except the structure description of the system structure the demonstration of attemptive designing is also elaborated.

Problems in Development of Micro-credit Loans to Farmers in China and Countermeasures

There are problems of inadequate natural endowment and weak stamina in the development of micro-credit loans to farmers in China. Specifically,existing problems include narrow profit space,serious non-agricultural trend of funds,high dependence on government support,short life cycle,and constantly increasing operating risks. These problems are related to endogenous drawback in design,defect in operating procedure,lagging in relevant policies and measures,and vacancy in risk compensation mechanism.

An Empirical Study of the Allocation Efficiency of Rural Financial Resources in Hubei Province from the Perspective of Agricultural Loans

The incompatibility of China's economy and finance has to some extent inhibited the development of rural economy. Taking Hubei Province for example,we measure the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources from the perspective of agricultural input and output,and use the modern rural financial development theory to set forth some policy recommendations on how to build a new rural financial resource allocation system. Studies have shown that the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources is low in China,and improving the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources is the key to perfecting rural financial environment while increasing financial support for agriculture.

Loans to Foreign-Funded Enterprises

With the implementation of the opening policy, the Bank of China(BOC) started lending to foreignfunded enterprises early in the 1980s. At the end of 1993, 50 percent of foreignfunded enterprise had opened accounts with the BOC. BOC has made US dollar loans worth $16.8 billion, and RMB ioans of ￥ 135.55 billion to

The cascade development scheme of the Hongshui River Tapping the nation's wealth of rivers,from Yangtze,Yellow River to Hongshui River Cooperation from Hongkong,Macao,Taiwan and abroad in terms of loans,provision of equipment and technology,and investmen

China is very rich in hydropower resources.The country’s theoreticalpotential is 680 GW,of which the exploitable is 380 GW,correspond-ing to an annual electricity generation of 1923 TWh.But the installedhydropower capacity is only 36,900 MW through 1989 with an electricitygeneration of 114 TWh.Together with the 12,000 MW of hydropowerstation under construction,the total hydropower exploited is still onlyabout 13% of the exploitable.In order to speed up the hydropower construction,Chinese governmenthas mapped out the development strategy for hydropower.Efforts shouldbe concentrated on continuous cascade exploitation of some river

World Bank loans help ease Central China's power Supply Shortage

Central China’s power sup-ply will get a major boostfrom the expansion of Henan Province’sYanshi Thermal Power Plant --a project involving $180 million worth of WorldBank loans. Yanshi Plant is situated on thesouth bank of Yellow River, about 30 kmeast of Luoyang Municipality. Once com-pleted at the end of 1995, the plant willboast an installed capacity of 1000 MW,

Predictive Modeling and Expectable Loss Analysis for Borrower Defaults of Mortgage Loans

Home mortgage loan lending firms are exposed to many business risks.This paper focuses on the mortgage loan borrower risks and proposes a prospective loss analysis approach in regard to loan repayment defaults of borrowers.For this purpose,a predictive modeling is presented in three stages.In the first stage,occurrence of borrower defaults in a mortgage loans portfolio is modeled through the generalized linear models(GLMs)type regressions for which we specify a logistic distribution for default events.The second stage of modeling develops a survival analysis in order to estimate survival probability and hazard rate functions for individual loans.Ultimately,an expectable loss amount model is presented in the third stage as a function of conditional survival probabilities and corresponding hazard rates at loan levels.Throughout all modeling stages,a large and real data set is used as an empirical analysis case by which detailed interpretations and practical implications of the obtained results are stated.

Guidelines Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits

I. INTRODUCTIONPurpose1.1 The purpose of these Guidelines is to informthose carrying out a project that is financed in wholeor in part by a loan from the International Bank forReconstruction and Development (IBRD) or a creditfrom the International Development Association(IDA), of the arrangements to be made for procur-ing the goods and works (including relatedservices) required for the project. The Loan Agree-ment governs the legal relationships between the Bor-rower and the Bank, and the Guidelines are made ap-plicable to procurement of goods and works for theproject, as provided in the agreement. The rightsand obligations of the Borrower and the providers ofgoods and works for the project are governed by thebidding documents, and by the contracts signed bythe Borrower with the providers of goods and works,and not by these Guidelines or the Loan Agreements.No party other than the parties to the Loan Agree-ment shall derive any rights therefrom or have anyclaim to loan proceeds.

中国绿色信贷发展状况、基本特征与政策建议

绿色信贷市场是中国绿色金融体系中发展最早、规模最大的市场,在支持绿色领域融资、推动“双碳”目标实现的过程中将发挥举足轻重的作用。目前全球尚无绿色信贷的统一标准,国内外标准各有侧重。近年来中国的绿色信贷市场快速发展,其规模、增速及占总贷款的比重均持续攀升。从结构特征看,其资金主要投向绿色交通运输和清洁能源领域,参与机构从大型银行拓展到中小银行。从变化趋势看,其政策目标从号召引导过渡到制度规范,政策重点措施从限制性转变为鼓励性,产品类别从单一化发展到多样化,绿色信贷市场逐渐走向规范和完善。但是,当前中国绿色信贷市场在制度环境、激励约束、信息披露监管等方面仍存在一些缺陷。基于上述分析,提出促进中国绿色信贷市场发展的四点建议:促进绿色信贷制度的完善,加大政策激励与支持的力度,加快数据与信息披露体系建设,加强全流程的跟踪监管。

企业内外资金持有量对研发补贴激励作用的门槛效应——来自民营科技企业的数据分析

以2010—2020年402家民营科技企业数据为研究样本,实证分析企业内外资金持有量对政府研发补贴激励效果的影响,进而追本溯源地剖析影响中国民营科技企业研发补贴激励效果的根本原因。结果显示:企业内外资金持有量对研发补贴的激励效果具有双重门槛效应。一方面,内部资金过多或过少均不利于研发补贴发挥激励作用,当企业内部资金水平过高时,研发补贴对企业研发投入的促进作用最弱;另一方面,外部贷款较少的企业,研发补贴激励作用最显著,随着外部贷款水平提高,研发补贴的激励作用逐渐下降,直至不再显著。

双重资金约束下考虑碳配额交易的供应链融资决策

构建由生产和减排双重资金约束的制造商和零售商组成的低碳供应链系统,针对银行借贷和提前支付两种融资模式,探究碳配额交易下制造商的融资决策问题,并分析了碳减排成本系数和碳交易价格对融资决策和供应链成员利润的影响.研究发现:当提前支付利率等于银行借贷利率时,无论是否考虑碳配额交易,提前支付融资总会给制造商带来较大利润,因此,提前支付是制造商的最优融资选择.当融资利率不等时,制造商融资方式会受到碳配额交易和碳减排成本系数的影响.碳减排成本系数增大时,融资规模、供应链成员利润均降低,而碳交易价格提高时,融资规模、制造商利润均增加.另外,碳配额交易会增加制造商利润,但会损害零售商利润.

银行科技贷款对创新质量的影响机制及效应研究

银行科技贷款作为科技金融的重要组成部分之一,对企业创新质量的提高具有至关重要的作用。本文基于高科技产业面板数据,构建了银行科技贷款对创新质量的影响机制,并采用面板回归模型、面板门槛模型对其中的线性关系、非线性关系进行了实证研究。研究发现,银行科技贷款总体上对创新质量产生正向影响。银行科技贷款水平较低时,其对创新质量的促进作用较大;企业创新质量水平较低时,银行科技贷款对创新质量的促进作用不足。随着企业研发经费投入水平由低到高,银行科技贷款对创新质量的贡献呈“U”型。因此,为实现企业创新质量的提高,应优化研发经费来源配置。