Multi-Objective Optimization of Aluminum Alloy Electric Bus Frame Connectors for Enhanced Durability

The widespread adoption of aluminumalloy electric buses,known for their energy efficiency and eco-friendliness,faces a challenge due to the aluminum frame’s susceptibility to deformation compared to steel.This issue is further exacerbated by the stringent requirements imposed by the flammability and explosiveness of batteries,necessitating robust frame protection.Our study aims to optimize the connectors of aluminum alloy bus frames,emphasizing durability,energy efficiency,and safety.This research delves into Multi-Objective Coordinated Optimization(MCO)techniques for lightweight design in aluminum alloy bus body connectors.Our goal is to enhance lightweighting,reinforce energy absorption,and improve deformation resistance in connector components.Three typical aluminum alloy connectors were selected and a design optimization platform was built for their MCO using a variety of software and methods.Firstly,through three-point bending experiments and finite element analysis on three types of connector components,we identified optimized design parameters based on deformation patterns.Then,employing Optimal Latin hypercube design(OLHD),parametric modeling,and neural network approximation,we developed high-precision approximate models for the design parameters of each connector component,targeting energy absorption,mass,and logarithmic strain.Lastly,utilizing the Archive-based Micro Genetic Algorithm(AMGA),Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO),and Non-dominated SortingGenetic Algorithm(NSGA2),we explored optimized design solutions for these joint components.Subsequently,we simulated joint assembly buckling during bus rollover crash scenarios to verify and analyze the optimized solutions in three-point bending simulations.Each joint component showcased a remarkable 30%–40%mass reduction while boosting energy absorption.Our design optimization method exhibits high efficiency and costeffectiveness.Leveraging contemporary automation technology,the design optimization platform developed in this study is poised to facilitate intelligent optimization of lightweight metal components in future applications.

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of planar moving Timoshenko beam considering non-rigid non-elastic axial effects

Due to the importance of vibration effects on the functional accuracy of mechanical systems,this research aims to develop a precise model of a nonlinearly vibrating single-link mobile flexible manipulator.The manipulator consists of an elastic arm,a rotary motor,and a rigid carrier,and undergoes general in-plane rigid body motion along with elastic transverse deformation.To accurately model the elastic behavior,Timoshenko’s beam theory is used to describe the flexible arm,which accounts for rotary inertia and shear deformation effects.By applying Newton’s second law,the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the manipulator are derived as a coupled system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs)and partial differential equations(PDEs).Then,the assumed mode method(AMM)is used to solve this nonlinear system of governing equations with appropriate shape functions.The assumed modes can be obtained after solving the characteristic equation of a Timoshenko beam with clamped boundary conditions at one end and an attached mass/inertia at the other.In addition,the effect of the transverse vibration of the inextensible arm on its axial behavior is investigated.Despite the axial rigidity,the effect makes the rigid body dynamics invalid for the axial behavior of the arm.Finally,numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed model,and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element approach.The comparison confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model for the system.According to the mentioned features,this model can be reliable for investigating the system’s vibrational behavior and implementing vibration control algorithms.

Thermal stress simulation analysis of aerospace optical fibers and connectors and related extensions to high-speed railway area

Aerospace optical cables and fiber-optic connectors have numerous advantages(e.g.,low loss,wide transmission frequency band,large capacity,light weight,and excellent resistance to electromagnetic interference).They can achieve optical communication interconnections and high-speed bidirectional data transmission between optical terminals and photodetectors in space,ensuring the stability and reliability of data transmission during spacecraft operations in orbit.They have become essential components in high-speed networking and optically interconnected communications for spacecrafts.Thermal stress simulation analysis is important for evaluating the temperature stress concentration phenomenon resulting from temperature fluctuations,temperature gradients,and other factors in aerospace optical cables and connectors under the combined effects of extreme temperatures and vacuum environments.Considering this,advanced optical communication technology has been widely used in high-speed railway communication networks to transmit safe,stable and reliable signals,as high-speed railway optical communication in special areas with extreme climates,such as cold and high-temperature regions,requires high-reliability optical cables and connectors.Therefore,based on the finite element method,comprehensive comparisons were made between the thermal distributions of aerospace optical cables and J599III fiber optic connectors under different conditions,providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the performance of aerospace optical cables and connectors in space environments and meanwhile building a technical foundation for potential optical communication applications in the field of high-speed railways.

The Design of Multi-Connector IoT Central Gateway Based on Raspberry Pi and Docker

With the vigorous development of Internet of Things(IoT)technology,the demand for communication and data exchange between different types of IoT devices is increasing day by day.To solve the problems of diversity and complexity of communication protocols between devices,this paper proposes a design scheme of a multi-connector IoT central gateway based on Raspberry Pi and Docker.Through the research and application of related technologies,by integrating multiple communication interfaces and utilizing containerization technology,an efficient,flexible,and scalable IoT central gateway has been realized,which can support the connection and data interaction of multiple communication protocols and provide strong support for the stable operation and development of the IoT system.

搭接长度等对Ⅱ型APC接头拉伸性能的影响

为研究搭接长度和钢筋直径对Ⅱ型APC接头力学性能的影响,对63个该接头进行单向拉伸试验,分析了接头破坏模式、极限承载力、延性和黏结应力等。结果表明:钢筋直径相同时,随搭接长度增加,平均黏结应力降低,试件强度、延性、最大力总伸长率明显提高,残余变形整体呈下降趋势;钢筋拉断破坏试件强度、延性、最大力总伸长率和残余变形满足规范要求;加载过程中,套筒中部截面短边纵向和长边环向始终受拉;极限荷载下,随搭接长度增加,套筒中部截面短边侧环向压应变先转变为拉应变再向压应变发展,长边侧纵向压应变转变为拉应变;相对搭接长度相同时,极限承载力随钢筋直径增加而提高;提出的极限黏结强度及临界搭接长度计算公式与试验值吻合较好,可为实际工程应用提供参考。单拉工况下,钢筋直径不大于18 mm时,建议接头搭接长度大于12 d。

钉合木-混凝土组合楼板浅槽型连接件抗剪性能试验

钉合木(NLT)是一种不使用胶黏剂的结构材,具有环保、加工快捷等优点,可用于木结构建筑的楼板、屋面板等。将混凝土板设置在钉合木楼板上方,并通过剪力连接件将二者组合,可以提高原钉合木楼板的结构性能。本文提出适用于钉合木-混凝土组合楼板的浅槽型连接件,并基于推出试验开展浅槽型连接的抗剪性能研究。试验参数主要包括开槽宽度、螺钉倾斜角度和螺钉尺寸,其中,开槽宽度设置为100和200 mm;螺钉倾斜角度设置为垂直和交叉45°;螺钉尺寸主要考虑螺钉直径和锚固深度的影响。基于试验结果分析上述因素对浅槽型连接承载力、抗剪刚度和延性的影响。结果表明:采用交叉斜螺钉代替垂直螺钉、增大螺钉的直径和锚固深度均可提高浅槽型连接的抗剪性能;开槽宽度对浅槽型连接的抗剪承载力和滑移刚度影响较为显著。

应用ArcIMS Java connector制作动态专题图

提出一种Java connector方式制作动态专题图,并与ArcIMS制作动态专题图的另一种方式即定制开发ArcXML方式作了对比。前者直接编辑ArcXML文件,操作过程复杂、不易扩展,难以达到动态制作的目的;后者实现了ArcXML到Java对象的映射,支持面向对象的方式开发,省去了处理繁琐的ArcXML过程。重点以实际应用中制作专题统计图、分类图为例,采用会话对象存储动态数据,结合Java connector的面向对象开发功能,从数据角度和显示角度实现制作动态专题图的目的。实践表明,采用Java connector方式灵活方便、切实可行。

基于ArcIMS Java Connector与Ajax技术构建林业WebGIS

该文为了解决在林业WebGIS开发中大数据量的服务器端实时验证和提高用户体验,通过将Ajax技术与ArcIMS Java Connector相结合的方法,实现了林业WebGIS的大数据的服务器实时验证、记录的无刷新分页显示、无刷新的地图操作、可拖拽UI界面等传统方式所无法实现的功能。在林业WebGIS上实现了将两种技术成功集成的例子。

串联多浮体结构波浪漂移力特性研究

为了研究柔性连接多浮体结构在波浪作用下所受漂移力大小的问题。本文应用势流模型近场法研究了柔性连接的串联五模块浮式结构在规则波作用下的平均波浪漂移力和不规则波作用下低频慢漂力大小的影响因素。随着模块个数增加,结构所受平均漂移力呈线性增加,平均漂移位移受系泊缆的影响呈非线性增加。不规则波作用工况,低频慢漂力增加,但由于模块间遮蔽效应,结构漂移力呈非线性增加趋势,并且漂移力大小是有限的。随着连接刚度增加,平台结构整体所受平均漂移力减小,连接器刚度变化对低频慢漂力影响相对较小。

可分离连接器引发的典型故障分析

文中针对屏蔽型可分离连接器引发的典型故障,从产品结构和故障实物照片对故障原因进行综合分析并提出引发故障的原因。通过对屏蔽型可分离连接器环氧树脂与嵌件在不同的配合状态下进行建模和电场仿真分析,说明故障分析的合理性,并根据相关标准进行在此类绝缘故障条件下与正常条件下的局放对比测试实验,进一步证明了故障分析的正确性。结合故障特点提出避免此类绝缘故障发生的指导性意见。

长针板间连接器高可靠激光软钎焊技术

研究了长针板间连接器的激光软钎焊参数优化和应用可靠性。设计了适应长针板间连接器的激光焊接设备方案,计算了激光焊接所需的焊锡长度,优化预热和焊接温度曲线,将三段式焊接优化为五段式焊接,得到了不同覆铜层数印制板的激光焊接参数,对激光焊接后的印制板、焊点、连接器开展了外观检查与可靠性验证试验。结果表明,激光软钎焊技术可应用于长针板间连接器的焊接,提高了焊点质量,满足高可靠应用需求。

保温叠合剪力墙FRP连接件力学性能

以夹心保温叠合剪力墙为研究对象,研究螺纹型、矩形和六芒星状3种纤维增强复合材料连接件(FRP)在施工阶段和使用阶段下的抗剪力学性能,并且对三种FRP连接件在两个阶段下的破坏形态、抗拔承载力和荷载-位移曲线进行分析,结果表明:试件的破坏形态主要有混凝土锚固破坏,层间剪切破坏和断裂破坏。施工阶段下单根FRP连接件最终抗剪承载力在1.41~3.91 kN之间,使用阶段下单根FRP连接件最终的抗剪承载力在3.19~6.02 kN之间,根据理论公式得到的计算值与试验值对比可知,在两个阶段情况下3种连接件的安全系数均大于1,均有较大的安全储备,可以应用到实际工程中。

Accelerated Degradation Reliability Modeling and Test Data Statistical Analysis of Aerospace Electrical Connector

As few or no failures occur during accelerated life test,it is difficult to assess reliability for long-life products with traditional life tests.Reliability assessment using degradation data of product performance over time becomes a significant approach.Aerospace electrical connector is researched in this paper.Through the analysis of failure mechanism,the performance degradation law is obtained and the statistical model for degradation failure is set up; according to the research on statistical analysis methods for degradation data,accelerated life test theory and method for aerospace electrical connector based on performance degradation is proposed by improving time series analysis method,and the storage reliability is assessed for Y11X series of aerospace electrical connector with degradation data from accelerated degradation test.The result obtained is basically consistent with that obtained from accelerated life test based on failure data,and the two estimates of product＇s characteristic life only have a difference of 8.7%,but the test time shortens about a half.As a result,a systemic approach is proposed for reliability assessment of highly reliable and long-life aerospace product.

承插式管片成品验收标准与质量控制研究

针对新型承插式管片存在没有有效成品检验标准的问题,结合南京江心洲污水收集系统穿越夹江段盾构隧道新建工程,研究建立了新型承插式管片的成品验收标准与质量控制体系。随着工程建设标准的提高,新型承插式管片的检验需求日益凸显,因此建立科学、系统的检验体系显得尤为重要。该研究聚焦于承插式管片成品检验,这一环节是保障产品出厂质量的关键。研究内容主要包括制定连接件的外观尺寸和力学性能,并同时建立了检验承插式管片外观质量、尺寸精度及强度性能的验收标准。通过严谨的现场验收流程,确保每块管片均符合标准要求,进而保障工程项目的顺利进行。研究结果表明:该验收标准与质量控制体系能够显著提升管片及其连接件的质量水平,确保项目使用的材料质量可靠。因此,该研究为新型承插式管片的检验提供了有效的指导,对提升该类工程建设质量具有重要意义。

Metal Sealing Performance of Subsea X-tree Wellhead Connector Sealer

The metal sealing performance of subsea X-tree wellhead connectors is crucial for the safety and reliability of subsea X-trees. In order to establish the theoretical relation between metal sealing ring＇s contact stress and its structural parameters and working pressure, a mechanical analysis method for double-cone sealing of high pressure vessels is applied in analyzing the metal sealing ring under the condition of preload and operation. As a result, the formula of the unit sealing load for the metal sealing ring under operation with residual preload is shown in this paper, which ensures that the metal sealing ring has an excellent sealing effect and can prevent the metal sealing ring from yielding. Besides, while analyzing the sealing process of the metal sealing ring, the change rule of contact stress and working pressure is concluded here, putting forward that the structural parameters of the metal sealing ring are the major factors affecting the change rule. Finally, the analytical solution through theoretical analysis is compared with the simulation result through finite element analysis in a force feedback experiment, and both are consistent with each other, which fully verifies for the design and calculation theory on metal sealing ring＇s contact stress and its structural parameters and working pressure deduced in this paper. The proposed research will be treated as an applicable theory guiding the design of metal seal for subsea X-tree wellhead connectors.

Dynamic Responses of Mobile Offshore Base Connectors

A Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is a multi-purpose logistics base, which can be stationed in coastal or international waters. In the conceptual design of the MOB, attention should he paid to the dynamic responses of the inter-module connectors because tremendous loads occur in the connectors. In this paper, a study on dynamic responses of the MOB connectors is carried out by use of the Rigid Module Flexible Connector (RMFC) model which assumes that the module stiffness is significantly larger than that of the connector. In the analysis, the connector is modeled as a linear spring, which restricts relative translations but allows for relative rotations of modules. The 3-D source distribution method is adopted to determine the hydrodynamic forces of the modules, and the hydrodynamic interaction between modules is taken into account. The module motions and connector loads for 12 connector stiffness cases in regular and irregular waves are calculated with the multi-rigid-body motion equations. And the calculated results are compared with those from relative references. It is shown that the results obtained by different methods are in good agreement.

轨道交通钢混组合连续梁及剪力件设计探讨

由于钢混组合梁结构可以充分发挥混凝土和钢结构的性能优势,因此在轨道交通桥梁设计中逐步得到推广。目前对于轨道交通组合梁上部结构构造设计及计算参考较少,不同设计标准、规范针对剪力件的计算仍存在区别,因此有必要对上述问题进行分析探讨。本文结合国内某轨道交通项目(45+70+45)m钢混组合连续梁的设计,通过有限元软件建模计算,分析钢混组合梁的受力特点,并针对国内外不同规范对于钢混组合梁剪力件的抗剪承载力计算公式进行比较及探讨,以期为同类型桥梁设计计算提供一定参考。

Sealing Performance and Optimization of a Subsea Pipeline Mechanical Connector

Researchers seldom study the optimum design of a mechanical connector for subsea oil-gas pipeline based upon the sealing performance. An optimal design method of a novel subsea pipeline mechanical connector is presented. By analyzing the static metal sealing mechanism, the critical condition of the sealing performance is established for this connector and the formulation method of the contact pressure on the sealing surface is created. By the method the minimum mean contact pressure of the 8.625 inch connector is calculated as 361 MPa, which is the constraint condition in the optimum design of connector.The finite element model is created in ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL) and the structure is optimized by the zero-order method, with variance of contact pressure as the objective function, and mean contact pressures and plastic strains as constraint variables. The optimization shows that variances of contact pressure on two sealing surfaces decrease by 72.41% and 89.33%, respectively, and mean contact pressures increase by 31.18% and 52.84%, respectively. The comparison of the optimal connectors and non-optimal connectors in the water pressure experiments and bending experiments shows that the sealing ability of optimized connectors is much higher than the rated pressure of 4.5 MPa, and the optimal connectors don’t leak under the bending moment of 52.2 kN·m.This research provides the formulation to solve contact pressure on the sealing surface and a structure optimization method to design the connectors with various dimensions.

Discrete Element with Flexible Connector for Dynamic Analysis of 3-D Beam Structures

Combined multi-body dynamics with structural dynamics, a new discrete element with flexible connector, which is applicable for 3-D beam structures, is developed in this paper. Both the generalized elastic coefficient matrix of the flexible connector and the mass matrix of discrete element may be off-diagonal in a general case. The zero-length rigid element is introduced to simulate the node at which multiple elements are jointed together. It may also be effective when the axes of adjacent elements are not in the same line. The examples for eigenvalue calculation show that the model is successful. It can be extended to the geometric nonlinear response analysis.

Finite element model analysis of thermal failure in connector

Thermal analysis and thermal diagnose are important for small power connector especially in electronic devices since their structure is usually compact. In this paper thermal behavior of small power connector was investigated. It was found that the contact resistance increased due to the Joule beating, and that increased contact resistance produced more Joule heating; this mutual action causes the connector to lose efficiency. The thermal distribution in the connector was analyzed using finite element method （FEM）. The failure mechanism is discussed. It provides basis for improving the structure. The conclusion was verified by experimental results.