Successful emergency surgical intervention in acute non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction with rupture:A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is rising,with cardiac rupture accounting for approximately 2%of deaths in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Ventricular free wall rupture(FWR)occurs in approximately 2%of AMI patients and is notably rare in patients with non-STEMI.Types of cardiac rupture include left ventricular FWR,ventricular septal rupture,and papillary muscle rupture.The FWR usually leads to acute cardiac tamponade or electromechanical dissociation,where standard resuscitation efforts may not be effective.Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture often result in refractory heart failure,with mortality rates over 50%,even with surgical or percutaneous repair options.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of an acute non-STEMI patient who suffered sudden FWR causing cardiac tamponade and loss of consciousness immediate before undergoing coronary angiography.Prompt resuscitation and emergency open-heart repair along with coronary artery bypass grafting resulted in successful patient recovery.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the risks of AMI complications,shares a successful treatment scenario,and discusses measures to prevent such complications.

New Cutoff for High Sensitivity Troponin to Better Risk Stratify Patients with Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction

Background: The diagnosis of Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) is dependent on elevation of high sensitivity troponin (Hs-troponin). The current cutoff point for Hs-troponin is highly sensitive but not specific for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to determine the best cutoff point for diagnosing CAD in patients presented with NSTEMI. Methods: Our study included all patients admitted as NSTEMI that underwent coronary angiography (CAG). They were grouped into two groups: A and B. Group A has obstructive CAD of 70% or more stenosis and group B with non-obstructive CAD. Patients were assessed for their demographics, clinical history, laboratory and imaging results. Using SPSS version 22, the pooled cohort of patients were analyzed at significant level < 0.05 and the data were tested for significant correlations between two predetermined groups. Results: Group A comprised 87.6% of the patients and both groups had a median age of 53 years. In Group A, 91% were males, 54% diabetics, 54% hypertensives, and median Hs-troponin was 145 ng/L. While in group B, 88% were males, 39% diabetics, 60% hypertensives, and median Hs-troponin was 54 ng/L. There was significant correlation between the two groups in the percentage of diabetes and median troponin level (p < 0.05). A ROC curve has identified a level of 127 ng/dL as the best cutoff of Hs-troponin in detecting obstructive CAD (p = 0.03). Interestingly, 60% of patients in group B had alternative diagnoses. Conclusion: Hs-troponin is sensitive but less specific for obstructive CAD. However, increasing its cutoff value will improve its specificity.

Depression and myocardial injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study

BACKGROUND Depression is common in patients with myocardial infarction and has been independently associated with adverse outcomes.However,the association between depression and myocardial injury on cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)has still not been assessed.AIM To assess the association between depression and myocardial injury on CMR in patients with STEMI.METHODS A total of 107 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(P-PCI)were analyzed in this prospectivecohort study.Each subject completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.CMR was performed at a median of 3 d after PPCI for quantifying post-MI myocardial injury.Correlations between depression identified by the PHQ-9 and myocardial injury measured on CMR were assessed.RESULTS In this study,19 patients(17.8%)were diagnosed with major depression identified by the PHQ-9≥10.PHQ-9 was analyzed both as a continuous variable and dichotomous variable.After multivariable adjustment,the proportion of patients with large infarction size was significantly higher in the major depression group(PHQ-9≥10)(OR:4.840,95%CI:1.122–20.868,P=0.034).When the PHQ-9 was evaluated as a continuous variable,after multivariable adjustment,an increased PHQ-9 score was associated with an increased risk of large infarction size(OR:1.226,95%CI:1.073–1.401,P=0.003).CONCLUSION In patients with STEMI undergoing PCI,depression was independently associated with a large infarction size.

Reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the relationship between CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 gene promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and the type of acute myocardial infarction （ST elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI vs the non-ST elevation Myocardial infarction, NSTEMI）. Methods One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with AMI were included for the study, of whom 60 had STEMI and 56 had NSTEMI, and 60 adults without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were selected as controls. Blood samples were obtained from patients within 6 h of AMI and the plasma PAI-1, CRP, and the gene polymorphism were measured. Results Plasma levels of PAI- 1 and CRP were higher in AMI groups, compared those in the control group, and plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in patients with STEMI compared to those with NSTEMI （80.12ng/ml VS.73.01ng/ml, P 〈0.01）, while CRP levels were not significantly different between patient with STEMI and NSTEMI （3.87 ± 0.79 mg/ml VS.4.01 ±0.69mg/ml, P〉0.05）. PAI-1 levels presented a significant correlation with CRP levels in the NSTEMI subjects. However, PAI-1 and CRP levels could explain the lack of a significant relationship between them in control and STEMI subjects.The frequencies of 4G/4G genotype in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group and higher in patient with STEMI than in patient with NSTEMI. Plasma levels of PAI-1 in subjects with 4G/4G genotype were significantly increased as compared to those in subjects with 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype. Conclusions Plasma PAI-1 levels were associated with different myocardial infarction type, and PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphisms and CRP may be related to plasma PAI-1 levels

A Retrospective Clinical Analysis of 216 Patients With Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics of 216 patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI）. Methods A retrospective analysis was used. Two hundred and sixteen NSTEMI patients were divided into two groups： （1） according to the age： age 〈65 years group and age ≥65 years group; （2） according to thrombolysis in myocardial ischemia trial （TIMI） lib risk stratification scoring system： score 〈4 group and ≥4 group; （3） according to serum creatinine （sCr） level： sCr level ≤ 178 μmol · L^-1 group and 〉 178 μmol · L^-1 group. Seven hundred and eighty six acute myocardial infarction （AMI） patients during the same period were divided into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） group and NSTEMI group. Clinical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were compared. Results （1） The number of NSTEMI patients in age ≥65 years group is significantly greater than that in age 〈 65 years group. Study revealed that the patients in age ≥ 65 years group were without chest pain, had hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiac and renal dysfunction （sCr 〉 178 μmol· L^-1 ）and triple vessel disease. Fewer patients in this group received coronary artery angiography （CAG）, percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and coronary artery bypass graft （CABG）. More number of deaths in this group compared with the age 〈 65 years group. （2） The number of NSTEMI patients in TIMI score 〉 4 group is significantly greater than that in TIMI score 〈 4 group. Four major complications such as acute left ventricular failure, cardiogenic shock, serious arrhythmia and deaths, increased significantly in TIMI score 〉 4 group comparing with TIMI score ≤〈4 group. （3） Obviously, more number of elderly patients, non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus （NIDDM）, patients with cardiac troponin T （CTnT） 〉3.0 ng· L^-1 and deaths occurred in sCr 〉 178 μmol · L^-1 group.（4） STEMI and NSTEMI patients were compared in same time frame as follows： fewer NSTEMI patients and more elderly patients had no chest pain, NID- DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, left main coronary artery （LMCA） disease while CTnT ≥3.0 ng· ml^- ; fewer patients with aneurysm （30 days） underwent CAG, PCI and CABG treatment. However, there were no significant differences in smokers, patients with less than 50% stenosis in any vessel, 1 - 3 vessel disease, acute left ventricle heart failure, cardiogenic shock, serious arrhythmia and deaths. （5） The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that death in NSTEMI was directly influenced by malignant arrhythmias with age ≥70 years. Conclusions Patients with NSTEMI were older, had more risk factors and presented more serious vessel disease, therefore, less of them could receive standard treatment. Complications and mortality of patients with NSTEMI were similar to that of patients with STEMI. Thus, NSTEMI is a serious disease with poor prognosis. NSTEMI patients may present with atypical chest pain and electrocardiogram changes, so are easily missed or loss diagnosed.

Differences in symptoms and pre-hospital delay among acute myocardial infarction patients according to ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram: an analysis of China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry

Background: Approximately 70% patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) often presented with atypical symptoms, which may be related to pre-hospital delay and increased risk of mortality. However, up to date few studies reported detailed symptomatology of NSTEMI, particularly among Asian patients. The objective of this study was to describe and compare symptoms and presenting characteristics of NSTEMI vs. STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled 21,994 patients diagnosed with AMI from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry between January 2013 and September 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to ST-segment elevation: ST-segment elevation (STEMI) group and NSTEMI group. We extracted data on patients' characteristics and detailed symptomatology and compared these variables between two groups. Results: Compared with patients with STEMI (N=16,315), those with NSTEMI (N=5679) were older, more often females and more often have comorbidities. Patients with NSTEMI were less likely to present with persistent chest pain (54.3% vs.71.4%), diaphoresis (48.6% vs.70.0%), radiation pain (26.4% vs.33.8%), and more likely to have chest distress (42.4% vs.38.3%) than STEMI patients (all P<0.0001). Patients with NSTEMI were also had longer time to hospital. In multivariable analysis, NSTEMI was independent predictor of presentation without chest pain (odds ratio: 1.974, 95% confidence interval:1.849-2.107). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI were more likely to present with chest distress and pre-hospital patient delay compared with patients with STEMI. It is necessary for both clinicians and patients to learn more about atypical symptoms of NSTEMI in order to rapidly recognize myocardial infarction.

Short-term Prognosis of Fragmented QRS Complex in Patients with Non-ST Elevated Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background：There remains significant debate as to the relationship between fragmented QRS （fQRS） complexes on electrocardiogram （ECG） and acute myocardial infarction （AMI）.Few studies have reported on this relationship in non-ST elevated AMI （NSTEMI）,and thus,we attempt to assess this relationship and its potential short-term prognostic value.Methods：This was a single-center,observational,retrospective cohort study.A total of 513 consecutive patients （399 men,114 women） with NSTEMI within 24 h who underwent coronary angiography at our department,between January 1,2014,and December 31,2014.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of fQRS complex on the admission ECG.fQRS complexes were defined as the existence of an additional R＇ or crochetage wave,notching in the nadir of the S wave,RS fragmentation,or QS complexes on 2 contiguous leads.All patients were followed up for 6 months,and all major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were recorded.Results：In this study,there were 285 patients with fQRS ECG in the 513 patients with NSTEMI.The number of patients with 0-2 coronary arteries narrowed by ≥50% in fQRS group were less while patients with 3 narrowed arteries were more than in the non-fQRS group （P =0.042）.There were fewer Killip Class Ⅰ patients in the fQRS group （P =0.019）,while Killip Class Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ patients were more in the fQRS group than in the non-fQRS group （P =0.019）.Left ventricular ejection fraction levels were significantly lower in the fQRS group （P =0.021）.Baseline total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,creatinine,creatine kinase,homocysteine,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （CRP）,and red blood cells distribution width levels were significantly higher in the fQRS group.Total MACE （MACE,P =0.028）,revascularization （P =0.005）,and recurrent angina （P =0.005） were also significantly greater in the fQRS group.On final logistic regression analysis,after adjusting for baseline variables,the following variables were independent predictors of fQRS：Coronary artery narrowing （P =0.035）,Killip classification （P =0.026）,and total cholesterol （P =0.002）.The following variables were found to be independent predictors of preoperative MACE：Hemoglobin （P =0.000）,gender （P =0.026）,fQRS （P =0.016）,and time from myocardial infarction to balloon or coronary artery bypasses grafting （P =0.013）.Conclusions：The fQRS complexes are commonly present in NSTEMI and the fQRS complexes are an independent predictor of MACE in NSTEMI patients.The number of narrowed coronary arteries,Killip classification,and total cholesterol are all independent predictors of the fQRS complexes.

The Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index Predicts No-Reflow Phenomenon after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Patients with STEMI

Purpose:Coronary no-reflow phenomenon(NRP),a common adverse complication in patients with ST-segment eleva-tion myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),is associated with poor patient prognosis.In this study,the correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)and NRP in older patients with STEMI was studied,to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk patients and improve their prognosis.Materials and methods:Between January 2017 and June 2020,578 older patients with acute STEMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Hebei General Hospital for direct PCI treatment were selected for this retrospective study.Patients were divided into an NRP group and normal-flow group according to whether NRP occurred during the operation.Clinical data and the examination indexes of the two groups were collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of NRP,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to further analyze the ability of SII to predict NRP in older patients with STEMI.Results:Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that hypertension(OR=2.048,95%CI:1.252–3.352,P=0.004),lymphocyte count(OR=0.571,95%CI:0.368–0.885,P=0.012),platelet count(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.005–1.013,P<0.001),hemoglobin(OR=1.015,95%CI:1.003–1.028,P=0.018),multivessel disease(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.407–3.558,P=0.001),and SII≥1814(OR=3.799,95%CI:2.190–6.593,P<0.001)were independent predictors of NRP after primary PCI in older patients with STEMI.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that SII had a high predictive value for NRP(AUC=0.738;95%CI:0.686–0.790),with the best cut-off value of 1814,a sensitivity of 52.85%and a specificity of 85.71%.Conclusion:For older patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI,SII is a valid predictor of NRP.

列线图构建老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者发生院内心衰的预测模型

目的构建老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生院内心衰的列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2021年9月至2023年9月中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心收治的139例老年急性STEMI患者的临床资料,根据8∶2定律分为训练集(n=111)与验证集(n=28)。根据老年急性STEMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后是否发生院内心衰分为发生组与非发生组。对比训练集发生组与非发生组的临床资料,分析老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰的影响因素,构建并验证老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰的列线图预测模型。结果训练集111例患者中,发生院内心衰35例;验证集28例患者中,发生院内心衰9例。训练集发生组Killip分级≥3级例数占比、病变血管数、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(NHR)、修正休克指数(MSI)、发病到入院时间、入院时急性冠脉事件全球注册(GRACE)评分高于非发生组(P<0.05),训练集发生组左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于非发生组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,NT-proBNP(OR=4.272,95%CI:1.878~9.717)、NLR(OR=4.764,95%CI:2.094~10.836)、NHR(OR=3.888,95%CI:1.709~8.845)、MSI(OR=3.597,95%CI:1.581~8.182)为老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰的影响因素(P<0.05)。训练集列线图预测模型预测老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰的灵敏度为88.57%(95%CI:0.723~0.963),特异度为89.47%(95%CI:0.798~0.950),曲线下面积为0.903(95%CI:0.856~0.967)。验证集列线图预测模型预测老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰的灵敏度为88.88%(95%CI:0.507~0.994),特异度为84.21%(95%CI:0.595~0.958),曲线下面积为0.894(95%CI:0.834~0.952)。结论NT-proBNP、NLR、NHR、MSI与老年急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰有关,构建列线图预测模型有助于早期甄别急性STEMI患者发生院内心衰风险。

直接PCI前瑞舒伐他汀干预对长期服用他汀药物老年STEMI病人心肌再灌注及迷走神经功能的作用

目的探讨直接PCI术前瑞舒伐他汀不同预处理对长期服用他汀药物的急性ST段型抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)老年病人心肌再灌注和迷走神经功能的影响。方法按是否起病前服用他汀类药物超过3月,将118例首次STEMI老年病人随机分为长期他汀干预组(32例)、大剂量预处理组(45例)和常规剂量预处理组(41例)。术前、术后分别检测心肌磷酸酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(TnT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及血脂水平;评价心肌再灌注情况;术后7d、40d检测心率减速力(DC)、化学反射敏感性(ChRS);术后40d内观察主要心血管不良事件及药物不良反应的发生。结果 PCI术后长期他汀干预组病人CK-MB、TnT峰值水平、hs-CRP、IL-6、心肌灌注水平与大剂量组比较无统计学意义,两组均较常规剂量组明显改善(P<0.05);术后7d及40d时,两组DC值、低风险值比例和ChRS值均较常规剂量组明显升高(P<0.05),高风险值比例均较常规剂量组明显降低(P<0.05)。再发心绞痛、心衰、严重室性心律失常(多形性室早、非持续性室性心动过速)、心脏彩超左室射血分数(LVEF)指标方面,两组均优于常规剂量组(P<0.05)。结论长期服用他汀药物病史病人术前常规剂量瑞舒伐他汀预处理,即可进一步提高直接PCI术治疗的老年STEMI病人心肌灌注,保护心肌,增加迷走神经活性,减少严重心律失常的发生,改善近期预后。

主动脉内球囊反搏置入辅助急诊冠状动脉介入治疗老年急性心肌梗死伴心源性休克的分析

目的:研究主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)辅助急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ASTEMI)合并心源性休克(CS)患者的短期预后。方法:回顾性选择首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科,自2015年1月至2016年12月,收治并应用IABP辅助急诊PCI治疗的STEMI合并CS的79例老年患者,同期选择未应用IABP辅助治疗的STEMI合并CS的75例老年患者作为对照组,比较两组术前、术中和术后情况的变化以及随访30 d时的病死率,并应用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评价两组的生存情况。结果:入选的154例患者中,男性85例,女性69例,平均年龄(69.4±9.3)岁,入院平均动脉压为(58.9±13.5)mmHg。两组间术前平均动脉压、CK-MB值、cTnI值、血肌酐、氧和指数、血肌酐、进门-球囊扩张时间、术后CK-MB和cTnI峰值、心电图ST段回落、完全血管化比例等,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者血管活性药物使用时间、有创机械通气比例、住院时间、急性肾损伤、再发心肌梗死差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访30d时,死亡31例。Kaplan-Meier生存分析两组间的中位生存时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:IABP辅助PCI治疗老年ASTEMI急性冠状动脉综合征合并CS有助于改善短期患者的血流动力学。但IABP组患者基础心功能差,短期病死率高。因此需更多高质量、大规模的随机对照临床研究验证IABP辅助治疗老年ASTEMI的长期效果。

青年初发急性心肌梗死患者的临床特征分析

目的：探讨青年初发急性心肌梗死患者临床特征。方法入选2011年6月~2013年10月因初发ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）入住徐州市中心医院心内科的青年患者42例（青年组），同期入院老年STEMI患者（老年组）52例作为疾病对照组，冠状动脉CTA检查排除冠心病人群20例作为健康对照组（对照组）。收集患者临床基本资料、冠状动脉造影结果、入院、出院GRACE积分，分析纳入青年组高敏C反应蛋白、血脂、脑钠肽（BNP）、Gensini积分、入院GRACE积分与老年组及对照组差别。结果青年组有诱因者占42.9%，老年组有诱因者占15.4%，两组有诱因患者构成比有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。青年组患者以男性为主，且吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病家族史构成比较老年组患者高（P＜0.05），其胸痛等临床症状表现典型，冠状动脉病变支数少于老年组患者（P＜0.05）。相关分析表明，入院GRACE积分与高敏C反应蛋白、Gensini积分、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关（P＜0.01），与BNP呈正相关（P＜0.01）；出院GRACE积分与高敏C反应蛋白、Gensini积分呈负相关（P＜0.01），与BNP、年龄呈正相关（P＜0.01）。结论青年初发AMI,以男性患者为主，多有明显家族史及诱因，有多种高危因素，冠状动脉造影检查结果多为单支病变，早期监测与干预可能改善预后。

青年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的:探讨青年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者的临床特点。方法:回顾性入选2009年1月至2013年7月诊断为急性心肌梗死并行冠状动脉造影检查且年龄≤40岁的593例患者。按照发病时心电图是否有ST段抬高,分为NSTEMI组(n=96)和ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)组(n=497),比较其危险因素、辅助检查结果、冠状动脉造影和血运重建情况。结果:NSTEMI占急性心肌梗死的比例为16.2%。NSTEMI组与STEMI组比较,高血压比例(49.0%vs.37.2%,P=0.031)、高脂血症比例(87.5%vs.76.3%,P=0.015)、肥胖比例(49.0%vs.35.8%,P=0.015)、总胆固醇[(4.66±1.50)mmol/L vs.(4.34±1.12)mmol/L,P=0.016]、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)[(2.88±1.33)mmol/L vs.(2.56±0.97)mmol/L,P=0.006]和糖化血红蛋白[(6.37±1.28)%vs.(6.09±1.19)%,P=0.037]均较高;危险因素个数[(3.2±1.4)个vs.(2.8±1.2)个,P=0.004]、左心室射血分数[(61.74±8.02)%vs.(57.55±8.89)%,P<0.001]、三支/左主干病变比例(37.5%vs.27.2%,P=0.041)和置入支架数[(1.95±1.08)枚vs.(1.60±1.00)枚,P=0.007]也显著升高;中性粒细胞计数[(4.97±1.96)×10^(9)/L vs.(5.50±2.72)×10^(9)/L,P=0.023]和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值[(2.36±1.27)vs.(2.81±2.01),P=0.006]均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义。NSTEMI组存在血管闭塞的比例为29.2%,以左回旋支比例最高,占14.6%。二元Logistic回归分析表明,LDL-C和肥胖是NSTEMI的独立相关因素[OR(95%CI):1.297(1.070~1.572),P=0.008;OR(95%CI):1.633(1.034~2.578),P=0.035]。结论:青年NSTEMI和STEMI患者相比,具有更多的危险因素,冠状动脉病变更重,置入支架数更多;LDL-C和肥胖是NSTEMI的独立相关因素。

直接完全血运重建对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并多支血管病变患者预后影响的前瞻性分析

目的本研究旨在比较老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)合并多支血管病变患者采取不同策略血运重建对预后的影响。方法前瞻性分析2012年9月至2015年8月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科接受急诊经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)且符合STEMI合并多支病变(病变血管≥2支)、年龄≥60岁的281例患者,按冠脉血运重建情况分为直接完全血运重建组(77例),分次血运重建组(204例)。结果两组患者性别构成比、高血压、糖尿病、冠脉病变情况等均无明显差异;住院期间直接完全血运重建组急性血栓事件发生率明显高于分次血运重建组(6.5%vs.1.5%,P=0.032),但两组患者住院期间的心衰发生率(1.0%vs.1.3%,P=0.329)、心脏压塞(0vs.0,P=1.000)、出血并发症(2.5%vs.2.6%,P=0.840)、外周血管血栓事件发生率(1.0%vs.1.3%,P=0.329)无明显差别;平均随访24.9±5.8月,随访期间两组患者的心源性死亡发生率(1.8%vs.2.0%,P=0.811)、再梗死发生率(5.4%vs.5.2%,P=0.442)、卒中(4.4%vs.3.9%,P=0.643)、再次血运重建比例(7.8%vs.6.5%,P=0.589)和再住院率(48.0%vs.50.6%,P=0.529)无显著差别。结论与分次血运重建组相比,直接完全血运重建策略对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并多支血管病变的患者预后无显著改善,而且有增加术后急性血栓事件的风险。

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人就医延迟影响因素及防控对策研究进展

对就医延迟相关概念、急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人就医延迟的影响因素、不良后果及防控对策进行综述,以期缩短病人延迟就医时间,及时采取积极、有效的急救措施,提高急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人救治成功率。

经桡动脉血栓抽吸治疗老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床效果及预后评价

目的评价经桡动脉血栓抽吸治疗老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)的临床效果及预后。方法选取2014年3月至2015年2月本院收治的84例老年NSTEMI患者为研究对象,根据随机数表法将入选患者分为观察组与对照组,每组各42例。对照组患者行常规经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),观察组患者于PCI术前用血栓抽吸导管抽吸血栓。比较两组患者术中冠状动脉造影结果、术后血流恢复情况、住院时间及随访情况。结果观察组患者血栓抽吸后无复流、冠状动脉慢血流患者的比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组采取主动脉内球囊反搏的患者例数及使用支架数量的构成比、病变血管支数的构成比比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。观察组心肌梗死溶栓试验3级血流的患者明显多于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者肌酸激酶同工酶和肌酸激酶的峰值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后即刻和术后7天的左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、住院时间、住院期间总死亡率比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组患者术后1、6、12个月的不良心脏事件、死亡、再次心肌梗死、再入院、靶血管重建发生率与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论老年NSTEMI患者于PCI术前采用经桡动脉血栓抽吸可明显降低患者肌酸激酶同工酶和肌酸激酶的峰值,有效缓解病情,显著改善微小血管阻塞及预后,临床疗效良好。

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后左室功能及临床预后的作用

目的探讨替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后左室功能及临床预后的作用。方法选取我院2014年6月~2016年6月急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者94例,根据随机数字表法分为均等两组。对照组采用直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予替罗非班治疗。比较两组患者术后TIMI达到3级比率;平均住院天数、出血发生率;治疗前和治疗后患者左室射血分数、生存质量的差异。结果观察组术后TIMI达到3级比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组平均住院天数短于对照组,出血发生率高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗前两组左室射血分数、生存质量相似(P>0.05);治疗后观察组相较于对照组左室射血分数、生存质量改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后左室功能及临床预后的作用确切,可有效地改善患者左室功能,促进血流再灌注,改善患者预后,缩短住院时间,提升患者生存质量,但需警惕用药后出血现象的发生。

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者血管开通时间延迟的影响因素分析

目的 探讨ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血管开通时间延迟的影响因素。方法 选取本院204例STEMI行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗手术患者,根据患者延迟时间、系统延迟时间、院内延迟时间分别进行分组。采用单因素及Logisitic回归分析各组血管开通时间延迟的影响因素。结果 患者延迟时间≤90 min组93例,>90 min组111例;女性、高龄、自费、居住地在城郊或农村、到院距离>10 km、发病时间在非正常工作时间是患者延迟时间的危险因素,文化程度高、入院方式为紧急救援系统(EMS)、发病时有陪护者是患者延迟时间的保护因素。系统延迟时间≤120 min组119例,>90 min组85例;乡镇转院、EMS入院、非正常工作时间是系统延迟时间的危险因素。院内延迟时间≤90 min组173例,>90 min组31例;乡镇转院、EMS入院是院内延迟时间的保护因素,非正常工作时间是院内延迟时间的危险因素。结论 非正常工作时间是STEMI患者血管开通时间延迟的危险因素。

胸痛中心优化护理流程对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效果的影响分析

目的探讨胸痛中心优化护理流程对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效果的影响。方法随机选取2018年4月-2020年4月泰兴市人民医院100例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,以数字表法分为两组,每组50例。对照组采取常规护理,优化流程护理组在对照组的基础上给予胸痛中心优化护理流程。比较两组护理前后焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分、NYHA心功能分级、生活质量评分、分诊评估时间、导管室激活时间、平均抢救时间、住院时间、满意度。结果护理后,优化流程护理组焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分、NYHA心功能分级低于对照组,生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。优化流程护理组分诊评估时间(0.56±0.12)min、导管室激活时间(50.56±12.14)min、抢救时间(37.56±2.52)min、总住院时间(8.56±2.12)d均短于对照组(2.23±0.56)min、(65.14±14.56)min、(61.14±12.12)min、(11.14±2.56)d,差异有统计学意义(t=20.619、5.438、13.469、5.489,P<0.05)。优化流程护理组护理满意度(100.00%)高于对照组(82.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.814,P<0.05)。结论急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者实施胸痛中心优化护理流程可减轻患者的心理负担,提高患者满意度,有利于改善心功能,缩短抢救时间,是值得推广的护理模式。

探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者D2B时间的影响因素及对策

目的探讨STEMI患者D2B时间的影响因素,为临床有效降低急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死死亡率提供指导。方法按纳入标准选择42例STEMI患者,按就诊顺序分为对照组(19人)及观察组(23人)。对照组按常规方法就诊治疗,观察组从进门完成首份心电图到进行球囊扩张术,严格按照D2B时间≤90分钟的标准执行。结果观察组患者D2B完成各环节检查时间高于对照组,观察组D2B达标率明显优于对照组。结论缩短STEMI患者D2B时间,是有效开通梗死动脉、恢复有效的心肌灌注、挽救患者生命的关键,在临床工作中应对STEMI患者D2B时间引起重视。