A Non-Uniform Discrete-Multitone(DMT) transceiver can help mitigate the channel-noise enhancement,attributed to zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) technique,by splitting the channel frequency response into octave spaced ...A Non-Uniform Discrete-Multitone(DMT) transceiver can help mitigate the channel-noise enhancement,attributed to zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) technique,by splitting the channel frequency response into octave spaced subbands.This paper presents a novel quantitative analys is of the channel-noise enhancement in different subbands of the Non-Uniform DMT system.In order to improve the bit error rate(BER) performance,a modified Non-Uniform DMT transceiver is proposed.The BER performance of the modified Non-Uniform DMT system is compared with that of the Non-Uniform DMT and conventional DMT systems in a Digital Subscriber Line(DSL).展开更多
Backfill mining is one of the most important technical means for controlling strata movement and reducing surface subsidence and environmental damage during exploitation of underground coal resources. Ensuring the sta...Backfill mining is one of the most important technical means for controlling strata movement and reducing surface subsidence and environmental damage during exploitation of underground coal resources. Ensuring the stability of the backfill bodies is the primary prerequisite for maintaining the safety of the backfilling working face, and the loading characteristics of backfill are closely related to the deformation and subsidence of the roof. Elastic thin plate model was used to explore the non-uniform subsidence law of the roof, and then the non-uniform distribution characteristics of backfill bodies’ load were revealed. Through a self-developed non-uniform loading device combined with acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) monitoring technology, the synergistic dynamic evolution law of the bearing capacity, apparent crack, and internal fracture of cemented coal gangue backfills (CCGBs) under loads with different degrees of non-uniformity was deeply explored. The results showed that: 1) The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of CCGB increased and then decreased with an increase in the degree of non-uniformity of load (DNL). About 40% of DNL was the inflection point of DNL-UCS curve and when DNL exceeded 40%, the strength decreased in a cliff-like manner;2) A positive correlation was observed between the AE ringing count and UCS during the loading process of the specimen, which was manifested by a higher AE ringing count of the high-strength specimen. 3) Shear cracks gradually increased and failure mode of specimens gradually changed from “X” type dominated by tension cracks to inverted “Y” type dominated by shear cracks with an increase in DNL, and the crack opening displacement at the peak stress decreased and then increased. The crack opening displacement at 40% of the DNL was the smallest. This was consistent with the judgment of crack size based on the AE b-value, i. e., it showed the typical characteristics of “small b-value-large crack and large b-value-small crack”. The research results are of significance for preventing the instability and failure of backfill.展开更多
During the production,the fluid in the vicinity of the directional well enters the wellbore with different rates,leading to non-uniform flux distribution along the directional well.However,in all existing studies,it i...During the production,the fluid in the vicinity of the directional well enters the wellbore with different rates,leading to non-uniform flux distribution along the directional well.However,in all existing studies,it is oversimplified to a uniform flux distribution,which can result in inaccurate results for field applications.Therefore,this paper proposes a semi-analytical model of a directional well based on the assumption of non-uniform flux distribution.Specifically,the direction well is discretized into a carefully chosen series of linear sources,such that the complex well trajectory can be captured and the nonuniform flux distribution along the wellbore can be considered to model the three-dimensional flow behavior.By using the finite difference method,we can obtain the numerical solutions of the transient flow within the wellbore.With the aid of Green's function method,we can obtain the analytical solutions of the transient flow from the matrix to the wellbore.The complete flow behavior of a directional well is perfectly represented by coupling the above two types of transient flow.Subsequently,on the basis of the proposed model,we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pressure transient behavior of a directional well.The computation results show that the flux variation along the direction well has a significant effect on pressure responses.In addition,the directional well in an infinite reservoir may exhibit the following flow regimes:wellbore afterflow,transition flow,inclined radial flow,elliptical flow,horizontal linear flow,and horizontal radial flow.The horizontal linear flow can be observed only if the formation thickness is much smaller than the well length.Furthermore,a dip region that appears on the pressure derivative curve indicates the three-dimensional flow behavior near the wellbore.展开更多
In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its in...In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its internal structures and transient processes.However,both internal structures and transient processes can lead to the non-uniform swelling.In this study,we hypothesize that the non-uniform swelling is responsible for why coal permeability in experimental measurements is not only controlled by the effective stress but also is affected by the adsorption-induced swelling.We propose a concept of the swelling triangle composed of swelling paths to characterize the evolution of the non-uniform swelling and serve as a core link in coupled multiphysics.A swelling path is determined by a dimensionless volumetric ratio and a dimensionless swelling ratio.Different swelling paths have the same start and end point,and each swelling path represents a unique swelling case.The swelling path as the diagonal of the triangle represents the case of the uniform swelling while that as the two perpendicular boundaries represents the case of the localized swelling.The paths of all intermediate cases populate inside the triangle.The corresponding relations between the swelling path and the response of coal multiphysics are established by a non-uniform swelling coefficient.We define this method as the triangle approach and corresponding models as swelling path-based ones.The proposed concept and models are verified against a long-term experimental measurement of permeability and strains under constant effective stress.Our results demonstrate that during gas injection,coal multiphysics responses have a close dependence on the swelling path,and that in both future experiments and field predictions,this dependence must be considered.展开更多
Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil recovery.In contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinni...Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil recovery.In contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption retention,inaccessible pore volume and reduced effective permeability.Meanwhile,the flux density and fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture are generally non-uniform due to the effects of pressure distribution,formation damage,and proppant breakage.In this paper,we present an oil-water two-phase flow model that captures these complex non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior,and non-uniform fracture characteristics in fractured polymer flooding.The hydraulic fracture is firstly divided into two parts:high-conductivity fracture near the wellbore and low-conductivity fracture in the far-wellbore section.A hybrid grid system,including perpendicular bisection(PEBI)and Cartesian grid,is applied to discrete the partial differential flow equations,and the local grid refinement method is applied in the near-wellbore region to accurately calculate the pressure distribution and shear rate of polymer solution.The combination of polymer behavior characterizations and numerical flow simulations are applied,resulting in the calculation for the distribution of water saturation,polymer concentration and reservoir pressure.Compared with the polymer flooding well with uniform fracture conductivity,this non-uniform fracture conductivity model exhibits the larger pressure difference,and the shorter bilinear flow period due to the decrease of fracture flow ability in the far-wellbore section.The field case of the fall-off test demonstrates that the proposed method characterizes fracture characteristics more accurately,and yields fracture half-lengths that better match engineering reality,enabling a quantitative segmented characterization of the near-wellbore section with high fracture conductivity and the far-wellbore section with low fracture conductivity.The novelty of this paper is the analysis of pressure performances caused by the fracture dynamics and polymer rheology,as well as an analysis method that derives formation and fracture parameters based on the pressure and its derivative curves.展开更多
Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption ev...Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption events,and conducting space weather forecasting.This study aims to explore the effective use of radioheliographs for solar observations,specifically for imaging coronal mass ejections(CME),to track their evolution and provide space weather warnings.We have developed an imaging simulation program based on the principle of aperture synthesis imaging,covering the entire data processing flow from antenna configuration to dirty map generation.For grid processing,we propose an improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT)method to provide superior image quality.Using simulated imaging of radio coronal mass ejections,we provide practical recommendations for the performance of radioheliographs.This study provides important support for the validation and calibration of radioheliograph data processing,and is expected to profoundly enhance our understanding of solar activities.展开更多
利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)分离、克隆奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)睾丸DMT(DM-do-main gene in testis)基因,并进行序列测定与分析。结果表明,该基因cDNA序列全长1 260 bp,包括74 bp 5’非翻译区,879 bp阅读框以及含pol...利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)分离、克隆奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)睾丸DMT(DM-do-main gene in testis)基因,并进行序列测定与分析。结果表明,该基因cDNA序列全长1 260 bp,包括74 bp 5’非翻译区,879 bp阅读框以及含poly(A)信号AATAAA的307 bp 3’非翻译区,阅读框共编码292个氨基酸。序列同源性分析表明,不同进化地位动物的DMRT1基因DM域编码序列存在高度同源性,显示DMRT1基因在系统进化上高度保守。生物信息学分析表明:DMT基因编码蛋白无信号肽,无跨膜区域,有多个蛋白激酶C、酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和N-糖基化位点,推测其可能在细胞信号传导中发挥作用,且其生物活性可能接受信号途中多种信号的调控。该基因的成功克隆及生物信息学分析不仅为DMRT1基因的分子进化和相似性比较研究提供了新的材料,而且对进一步研究其编码蛋白的结构与功能以及其在鱼类性别调控中的作用具有重要意义。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):23-31]展开更多
目的探讨银杏叶提取物对帕金森患者血清黑质二价金属离子转运蛋白(divalent metal transporter1,DMT1)、葡萄糖调节蛋白75(glucose regulated protein 75,grp75)及神经功能的影响。方法帕金森患者38例,根据用药不同分为对照组和实验组,...目的探讨银杏叶提取物对帕金森患者血清黑质二价金属离子转运蛋白(divalent metal transporter1,DMT1)、葡萄糖调节蛋白75(glucose regulated protein 75,grp75)及神经功能的影响。方法帕金森患者38例,根据用药不同分为对照组和实验组,每组各19例,对照组患者给予多巴丝肼片,实验组在对照组的基础上给予银杏叶提取物片,治疗连续4周。治疗结束后,对所有患者黑质DMT1、grp75及认知功能进行检测。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的黑质DMT1水平较低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后黑质DMT1水平较低(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的grp75水平较高(P<0.05),与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后grp75水平较高(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的Mo CA评分较高(P<0.05),HAMD评分较低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后Mo CA评分较高(P<0.05),HAMD评分较低(P<0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物能够显著降低帕金森患者黑质DMT1水平,升高grp75水平,改善认知功能。展开更多
从分子结构与分布、生理功能及其对二价金属离子吸收的调控机制等方面对二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter 1,DMT1)的国内外研究现状进行了综述。旨在通过对DMT1在微量元素吸收中的作用机制的研究,来提高动物微量元素...从分子结构与分布、生理功能及其对二价金属离子吸收的调控机制等方面对二价金属离子转运蛋白1(divalent metal transporter 1,DMT1)的国内外研究现状进行了综述。旨在通过对DMT1在微量元素吸收中的作用机制的研究,来提高动物微量元素的吸收效率和利用率。展开更多
To analyze a multibody system composed of non-uniform beam and spring-mass subsystems, the model discretization is carried on by utilizing the finite element method（FEM）, the dynamic model of non-uniform beam is dev...To analyze a multibody system composed of non-uniform beam and spring-mass subsystems, the model discretization is carried on by utilizing the finite element method（FEM）, the dynamic model of non-uniform beam is developed by using the transfer matrix method of multibody system（MS-TMM）, the transfer matrix of non-u- niform beam is derived, and the natural frequencies are computed. Compared with the numerical assembly method （NAM）, the results by MS-TMM have good agreement with the results by FEM, and are better than the results by NAM. When using the high precision method, the global dynamic equations of the complex multibody system are not needed and the orders of involved system matrices are decreased greatly. For the investigation on the re- verse problem of the physical parameter identification of multibody system, MS-TMM and the optimization tech- nology based on genetic algorithms（GAs） are combined and extended. The identification problem is exchanged for an optimization problem, and it is formulated as a global minimum solution of the objective function with respect to natural frequencies of multibody system. At last, the numerical example of non-uniform beam with attach- ments is discussed, and the identification results indicate the feasibility and the effectivity of the proposed aop- proach.展开更多
文摘A Non-Uniform Discrete-Multitone(DMT) transceiver can help mitigate the channel-noise enhancement,attributed to zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) technique,by splitting the channel frequency response into octave spaced subbands.This paper presents a novel quantitative analys is of the channel-noise enhancement in different subbands of the Non-Uniform DMT system.In order to improve the bit error rate(BER) performance,a modified Non-Uniform DMT transceiver is proposed.The BER performance of the modified Non-Uniform DMT system is compared with that of the Non-Uniform DMT and conventional DMT systems in a Digital Subscriber Line(DSL).
基金Project(51925402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProject(202303021211060) supported by the Natural Science Research General Program for Shanxi Provincial Basic Research Program,China+1 种基金Project(U22A20169) supported by the Joint Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2021SX-TD001, 2021SX-TD002) supported by the Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering,China。
文摘Backfill mining is one of the most important technical means for controlling strata movement and reducing surface subsidence and environmental damage during exploitation of underground coal resources. Ensuring the stability of the backfill bodies is the primary prerequisite for maintaining the safety of the backfilling working face, and the loading characteristics of backfill are closely related to the deformation and subsidence of the roof. Elastic thin plate model was used to explore the non-uniform subsidence law of the roof, and then the non-uniform distribution characteristics of backfill bodies’ load were revealed. Through a self-developed non-uniform loading device combined with acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) monitoring technology, the synergistic dynamic evolution law of the bearing capacity, apparent crack, and internal fracture of cemented coal gangue backfills (CCGBs) under loads with different degrees of non-uniformity was deeply explored. The results showed that: 1) The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of CCGB increased and then decreased with an increase in the degree of non-uniformity of load (DNL). About 40% of DNL was the inflection point of DNL-UCS curve and when DNL exceeded 40%, the strength decreased in a cliff-like manner;2) A positive correlation was observed between the AE ringing count and UCS during the loading process of the specimen, which was manifested by a higher AE ringing count of the high-strength specimen. 3) Shear cracks gradually increased and failure mode of specimens gradually changed from “X” type dominated by tension cracks to inverted “Y” type dominated by shear cracks with an increase in DNL, and the crack opening displacement at the peak stress decreased and then increased. The crack opening displacement at 40% of the DNL was the smallest. This was consistent with the judgment of crack size based on the AE b-value, i. e., it showed the typical characteristics of “small b-value-large crack and large b-value-small crack”. The research results are of significance for preventing the instability and failure of backfill.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104043)。
文摘During the production,the fluid in the vicinity of the directional well enters the wellbore with different rates,leading to non-uniform flux distribution along the directional well.However,in all existing studies,it is oversimplified to a uniform flux distribution,which can result in inaccurate results for field applications.Therefore,this paper proposes a semi-analytical model of a directional well based on the assumption of non-uniform flux distribution.Specifically,the direction well is discretized into a carefully chosen series of linear sources,such that the complex well trajectory can be captured and the nonuniform flux distribution along the wellbore can be considered to model the three-dimensional flow behavior.By using the finite difference method,we can obtain the numerical solutions of the transient flow within the wellbore.With the aid of Green's function method,we can obtain the analytical solutions of the transient flow from the matrix to the wellbore.The complete flow behavior of a directional well is perfectly represented by coupling the above two types of transient flow.Subsequently,on the basis of the proposed model,we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the pressure transient behavior of a directional well.The computation results show that the flux variation along the direction well has a significant effect on pressure responses.In addition,the directional well in an infinite reservoir may exhibit the following flow regimes:wellbore afterflow,transition flow,inclined radial flow,elliptical flow,horizontal linear flow,and horizontal radial flow.The horizontal linear flow can be observed only if the formation thickness is much smaller than the well length.Furthermore,a dip region that appears on the pressure derivative curve indicates the three-dimensional flow behavior near the wellbore.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.DP200101293)supported by the UWA-China Joint Scholarships(201906430030).
文摘In current dual porosity/permeability models,there exists a fundamental assumption that the adsorption-induced swelling is distributed uniformly within the representative elementary volume (REV),irrespective of its internal structures and transient processes.However,both internal structures and transient processes can lead to the non-uniform swelling.In this study,we hypothesize that the non-uniform swelling is responsible for why coal permeability in experimental measurements is not only controlled by the effective stress but also is affected by the adsorption-induced swelling.We propose a concept of the swelling triangle composed of swelling paths to characterize the evolution of the non-uniform swelling and serve as a core link in coupled multiphysics.A swelling path is determined by a dimensionless volumetric ratio and a dimensionless swelling ratio.Different swelling paths have the same start and end point,and each swelling path represents a unique swelling case.The swelling path as the diagonal of the triangle represents the case of the uniform swelling while that as the two perpendicular boundaries represents the case of the localized swelling.The paths of all intermediate cases populate inside the triangle.The corresponding relations between the swelling path and the response of coal multiphysics are established by a non-uniform swelling coefficient.We define this method as the triangle approach and corresponding models as swelling path-based ones.The proposed concept and models are verified against a long-term experimental measurement of permeability and strains under constant effective stress.Our results demonstrate that during gas injection,coal multiphysics responses have a close dependence on the swelling path,and that in both future experiments and field predictions,this dependence must be considered.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104049)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology(No.BYESS2023262)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462022BJRC004).
文摘Polymer flooding in fractured wells has been extensively applied in oilfields to enhance oil recovery.In contrast to water,polymer solution exhibits non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior such as effects of shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption retention,inaccessible pore volume and reduced effective permeability.Meanwhile,the flux density and fracture conductivity along the hydraulic fracture are generally non-uniform due to the effects of pressure distribution,formation damage,and proppant breakage.In this paper,we present an oil-water two-phase flow model that captures these complex non-Newtonian and nonlinear behavior,and non-uniform fracture characteristics in fractured polymer flooding.The hydraulic fracture is firstly divided into two parts:high-conductivity fracture near the wellbore and low-conductivity fracture in the far-wellbore section.A hybrid grid system,including perpendicular bisection(PEBI)and Cartesian grid,is applied to discrete the partial differential flow equations,and the local grid refinement method is applied in the near-wellbore region to accurately calculate the pressure distribution and shear rate of polymer solution.The combination of polymer behavior characterizations and numerical flow simulations are applied,resulting in the calculation for the distribution of water saturation,polymer concentration and reservoir pressure.Compared with the polymer flooding well with uniform fracture conductivity,this non-uniform fracture conductivity model exhibits the larger pressure difference,and the shorter bilinear flow period due to the decrease of fracture flow ability in the far-wellbore section.The field case of the fall-off test demonstrates that the proposed method characterizes fracture characteristics more accurately,and yields fracture half-lengths that better match engineering reality,enabling a quantitative segmented characterization of the near-wellbore section with high fracture conductivity and the far-wellbore section with low fracture conductivity.The novelty of this paper is the analysis of pressure performances caused by the fracture dynamics and polymer rheology,as well as an analysis method that derives formation and fracture parameters based on the pressure and its derivative curves.
基金supported by the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42374219,42127804)the Qilu Young Researcher Project of Shandong University.
文摘Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption events,and conducting space weather forecasting.This study aims to explore the effective use of radioheliographs for solar observations,specifically for imaging coronal mass ejections(CME),to track their evolution and provide space weather warnings.We have developed an imaging simulation program based on the principle of aperture synthesis imaging,covering the entire data processing flow from antenna configuration to dirty map generation.For grid processing,we propose an improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT)method to provide superior image quality.Using simulated imaging of radio coronal mass ejections,we provide practical recommendations for the performance of radioheliographs.This study provides important support for the validation and calibration of radioheliograph data processing,and is expected to profoundly enhance our understanding of solar activities.
文摘利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)分离、克隆奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)睾丸DMT(DM-do-main gene in testis)基因,并进行序列测定与分析。结果表明,该基因cDNA序列全长1 260 bp,包括74 bp 5’非翻译区,879 bp阅读框以及含poly(A)信号AATAAA的307 bp 3’非翻译区,阅读框共编码292个氨基酸。序列同源性分析表明,不同进化地位动物的DMRT1基因DM域编码序列存在高度同源性,显示DMRT1基因在系统进化上高度保守。生物信息学分析表明:DMT基因编码蛋白无信号肽,无跨膜区域,有多个蛋白激酶C、酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和N-糖基化位点,推测其可能在细胞信号传导中发挥作用,且其生物活性可能接受信号途中多种信号的调控。该基因的成功克隆及生物信息学分析不仅为DMRT1基因的分子进化和相似性比较研究提供了新的材料,而且对进一步研究其编码蛋白的结构与功能以及其在鱼类性别调控中的作用具有重要意义。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):23-31]
文摘目的探讨银杏叶提取物对帕金森患者血清黑质二价金属离子转运蛋白(divalent metal transporter1,DMT1)、葡萄糖调节蛋白75(glucose regulated protein 75,grp75)及神经功能的影响。方法帕金森患者38例,根据用药不同分为对照组和实验组,每组各19例,对照组患者给予多巴丝肼片,实验组在对照组的基础上给予银杏叶提取物片,治疗连续4周。治疗结束后,对所有患者黑质DMT1、grp75及认知功能进行检测。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的黑质DMT1水平较低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后黑质DMT1水平较低(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的grp75水平较高(P<0.05),与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后grp75水平较高(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后2组患者的Mo CA评分较高(P<0.05),HAMD评分较低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后Mo CA评分较高(P<0.05),HAMD评分较低(P<0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物能够显著降低帕金森患者黑质DMT1水平,升高grp75水平,改善认知功能。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10902051)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2008046)~~
文摘To analyze a multibody system composed of non-uniform beam and spring-mass subsystems, the model discretization is carried on by utilizing the finite element method（FEM）, the dynamic model of non-uniform beam is developed by using the transfer matrix method of multibody system（MS-TMM）, the transfer matrix of non-u- niform beam is derived, and the natural frequencies are computed. Compared with the numerical assembly method （NAM）, the results by MS-TMM have good agreement with the results by FEM, and are better than the results by NAM. When using the high precision method, the global dynamic equations of the complex multibody system are not needed and the orders of involved system matrices are decreased greatly. For the investigation on the re- verse problem of the physical parameter identification of multibody system, MS-TMM and the optimization tech- nology based on genetic algorithms（GAs） are combined and extended. The identification problem is exchanged for an optimization problem, and it is formulated as a global minimum solution of the objective function with respect to natural frequencies of multibody system. At last, the numerical example of non-uniform beam with attach- ments is discussed, and the identification results indicate the feasibility and the effectivity of the proposed aop- proach.
