Comparison of lipid profile in different grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on ultrasound

Objective:To detect and compare serum lipid abnormalities in patients diagnosed with different grades of non-alcoholic fatly liver on ultrasonography.Methods:A total of 70 cases which included 30 males and 40 females,diagnosed as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)on ultrasound were investigated with serum lipid profile.Then a comparison of lipid abnormalities between different grades of fatty liver diagnosed on ultrasound was done.P value was calculated by using analysis of variance lest(ANOVA)and P value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Out of 70 cases which were diagnosed as NAFLD on ultrasonography,gradeⅠNAFLD cases were 47.15%,gradeⅡwere 42.85%and gradeⅢwere 10%.The mean age of the patients was49.14 years.Male to female ratio was 3:4.Serum triglycerides,total cholesterol,LDL and VLDL levels were raised in 67.14%,45.71%34.28%,25.71%of cases respectively.Low serum HDL levels were seen in 62.85%of patients.On statistical analysis we found increasing grades of NAFLD were significantly associated with increasing values of total cholesterol(P value-0.001),LDL(P value-0.000)and VLDL(P value-0.003)and decreasing HDL(P value-0.000).Conclusion:Most of the patients of NAFLD in India is asymptomatic,non-diabetic and non-hypertensive.Though liver biopsy is the gold standard melhod for diagnosis of NAFLD,Ultrasonography which is non-invasive,simple tool,can be used for the early detection of NAFLD in asymptomatic patients.

An Update on the Efficacy and Functionality of Probiotics for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),which has a global prevalence of 20%–33%,has become the main cause of chronic liver disease.Except for lifestyle medication,no definitive medical treatment has been established so far,making it urgent to find effective strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.With the identification of the significant role played by the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD,studies on probiotics for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are increasing in number.Bacteria from the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera constitute the most widely used traditional probiotics.More recently,emerging next-generation probiotics(NGPs)such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii have also gained attention due to their potential as therapeutic options for the treatment of NAFLD.This review provides an overview of the effects of oral administration of traditional probiotics and NGPs on the development and progress of NAFLD.The mechanisms by which probiotics directly or indirectly affect the disease are illustrated,based on the most recent animal and clinical studies.Although numerous studies have been published on this topic,further research is required to comprehensively understand the specific underlying mechanisms among probiotics,gut microbiota,and NAFLD,and additional large-scale clinical trials are required to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of NAFLD,as well as the safety of probiotics in the human body.

A soy glycinin derived octapeptide protects against MCD diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Soy glycinin derived octapeptide(SGP8)is a peptide obtained from degradation of the soy glycinin,whose amino acid sequence is IAVPGEVA.To determine the effect of SGP8 on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),steatosis Hep G2 cells were induced by 1 mmol/L free fatty acid(FFA)and C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with methionine-choline defi cient(MCD)diet for 3 weeks to establish NAFLD model.The results of oil red O staining and total cholesterol(TC)/triglyceride(TG)contents showed that SGP8 could signifi cantly reduce the lipid content of steatosis Hep G2 cells.In vivo,SGP8 lowered plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and low density lipoprotein(LDL)content,normalized hepatic superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)production,and reduced the severity of liver infl ammation.The results of Western blotting showed that SGP8 increased expression of Sirtuin-1(SIRT1)and phosphorylation level of AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)in hepatocytes.Through activation of SIRT1/AMPK pathway,SGP8 downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 c(SREBP-1 c)and its target genes ACC and FAS expression levels,and increased the phosphorylation level of acetyl Co A carboxylase(ACC).Furthermore,SGP8 also upregulated the expression of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα(PPARα),which was regulated by SIRT1/AMPK pathway,and its target gene CPT1 level.In conclusion,SGP8 might improve NAFLD by activating the SIRT1/AMPK pathway.Our data suggest that SGP8 may act as a novel and potent therapeutic agent against NAFLD.

Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG) is a Reliable Biomarker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of NAFLD in later life. This cross sectional study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a possible biomarker of NAFLD. The study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 124 subjects were taken as study population following selection criteria. Among them 62 were diagnosed patients of NAFLD and 62 were healthy subjects as control group. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and serum triglyceride was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method, while TyG index was calculated accordingly. The mean age was 39.5 ± 11.27 years in NAFLD patients and 37.10 ± 12.28 years in control subjects with male female ratio 1:1.7 and 1:1.8 respectively. Major portion of NAFLD patients (62.9%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The mean fasting plasma glucose level was 5.73 ± 1.47 mmol/L in NAFLD patients and 5.27 ± 0.69 mmol/L in control group (p < 0.027). The mean serum triglyceride level was 237.19 ± 96.47 mg/dl in NAFLD patients and 117.32 ± 53.07 mg/dl in control group (p < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) was 9.36 ± 0.47 in NAFLD group and 8.53 ± 0.42 in control group. TyG index was significantly higher in NAFLD patients in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, cut off value of TyG index was 8.85 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 79%. As a fast and effective method, TyG index can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict NAFLD.

Research progress of external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse hepatic steatosis.With the improvement of people's living standard,the incidence rate of NAFLD has been increasing,which has become one of the global health problems in 21st Century.However,there is no specific drug or standard treatment for NAFLD,which brings challenges to treatment.Acupuncture,moxibustion,massage and other external therapies based on the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine have obvious curative effect in the clinical treatment of NAFLD,but the mechanism has not been systematically explained,which makes the clinical promotion evidence insufficient.This paper aims to summarize the researches on the treatment of NAFLD by external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years,and analyze its possible mechanism,so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for future basic experiments and clinical research,and form a set of standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment scheme with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.

Real Time Elastography is an Easy Tool for Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged a major challenge and become the leading indication for liver transplantation. We aimed to assess the applicability and performance of real-time elastography (RTE) in diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD compared with NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and FIB-4 index. Patients and Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted on 260 subjects attended Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious diseases and Internal Medicine departments in Benha University Hospital from Marsh 20, 2018, to September 1, 2019 and divided into group I included 200 cases with NAFLD and group II included 60 healthy control subjects. Results: There was statistically significant increase in FIB-4 scores between two groups (1.39 ± 1.02 and -0.75 ± 0.32 respectively with p < 0.001), also there was statistically significant increase in NAFLD fibrosis score mean ± SD between two groups (-1.74 ± 1.17 and -2.75 ± 0.91 respectively with p < 0.001). Fibrosis stages in NAFLD patients significantly higher than in control group diagnosed by RTE (P = 0.001). There was an agreement between RTE and FIB-4 index (93%) and NAFLD fibrosis score (86%). Diagnostic performance of RTE in advanced liver fibrosis ≥ F3 was assessed in comparing with FIB-4 index show sensitivity 90%, specificity 93.3%, PPV 60%, NPV 98.8% and accuracy 93% with AUC0.917 (p = 0.001) and in comparing with NAFLD fibrosis score sensitivity 52.6%, specificity 93.8%, PPV 66.7%, NPV 98.4% and accuracy 86% with AUC 0.732 (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Real time elastography could be valuable in diagnosis of fibrosis in NAFLD especially in cases more than F3 score.

Relationship between alanine aminotransferase levels and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective： To investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels and metabolic syndrome （MS） in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. Methods： A total of 26527 subjects who received medical health checkup in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound imaging. MS was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. ALT, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） were measured in each subject to analyze the relationship between MS and ALT activity Results： （1） The prevalence of NAFLD in men （30.94%） was significantly higher than that in women （15.65%）; （2） The incidence of MS in NAFLD （33.83%） was significantly greater than that in non-NAFLD （10.62%）; （3） Of the 6470 subjects with NAFLD, in the age-adjusted partial correlation analysis, there were statistically significant correlations between the ALT levels and most metabolic risk factors in each sex （P〈0.01）, except that ALT levels multiple stepwise regression analysis, SBP lost its significance, and had no correlation with HDL-c in women. Moreover, in the WC, body mass index （BMI）, age, DBP, TG and FPG were independently associated with ALT levels in both sexes （P〈0.05）. HDL-c remained significant and was independently related to ALT levels in men; （4） ALT levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS compared to those without MS （P〈0.001）. Mean ALT levels increased with the number of MS components in each sex （P〈0.05 for trend）. Conclusion： We found a strong relationship between ALT levels and MS in NAFLD and revealed that the cluster of MS components might be the predictor for ALT elevations.

Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies characterized by fatty accumulation in escalating health problem worldwide, covers a spectrum of hepatocytes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A close, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a constellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins including triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extracellular role in lipid transport between vital organs through circulation, but also play an important intracellu- lar role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion. The liver functions as the central hub for lipoprotein metab- olism, as it dictates lipoprotein production and to a significant extent modulates lipoprotein clearance. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral component of hepatocellular lipid homeostasis and is implicated in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.

Peripheral Artery Disease and Risk of Fibrosis Deterioration in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:A Prospective Investigation

Objective Liver fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Peripheral artery disease(PAD)and liver fibrosis share many common metabolic dysfunctions.We aimed to explore the association between PAD and risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients.Methods The study recruited 1,610 NAFLD patients aged≥40 years from a well-defined community at baseline in 2010 and followed up between August 2014 and May 2015.Fibrosis deterioration was defined as the NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS)status increased to a higher category at the follow-up visit.PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index of<0.90 or>1.40.Results During an average of 4.3 years’follow-up,618 patients progressed to a higher NFS category.PAD was associated with 92%increased risk of fibrosis deterioration[multivariable-adjusted odds ratio(OR):1.92,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24,2.98].When stratified by baseline NFS status,the OR for progression from low to intermediate or high NFS was 1.74(95%CI:1.02,3.00),and progression from intermediate to high NFS was 2.24(95%CI:1.05,4.80).There was a significant interaction between PAD and insulin resistance(IR)on fibrosis deterioration(P for interaction=0.03).As compared with non-PAD and non-IR,the coexistence of PAD and IR was associated with a 3.85-fold(95%CI:2.06,7.18)increased risk of fibrosis deterioration.Conclusion PAD is associated with an increased risk of fibrosis deterioration in NAFLD patients,especially in those with IR.The coexistence of PAD and IR may impose an interactive effect on the risk of fibrosis deterioration.

Association between IgG N-glycans and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Han Chinese

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） is a major public health issue worldwide. Immunoglobulin G（IgG） N-glycans are associated with risk factors for NAFLD, such as obesity and diabetes. A cross-sectional study involving 500 Han Chinese adults recruited from a community in Beijing was carried out to explore the association between IgG N-glycans and NAFLD. IgG N-glycosylation was significantly associated with NAFLD, with the disease showing a negative correlation with galactosylation（GP14, GP14n, and G2n）, positive correlation with fucosylation（FBG2n/G2n）, and positive correlation with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine（Glc NAc） [FBG2n/FG2n and FBG2n/（FG2n＋FBG2n）], after controlling age, gender, and prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. In other words, the present study showed a possible association between NAFLD and the loss of galactose and elevations of fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Aberrant IgG glycosylation might therefore be a potential biomarker for the primary or secondary prevention of NAFLD.

Protective Effects of Yinzhihuang Combined with Metformin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases Based on PPAR-αSignaling Pathway

[Objectives]To explore the protective effects and mechanism of Yinzhihuang combined with metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD)based on PPAR-αsignaling pathway.[Methods]54 male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups,namely normal group(12 rats)and high-fat feed group(42 rats).After 8 weeks,2 rats were randomly selected from each group.After pathological examination confirmed the success of the NAFLD model,the high-fat feed group was divided into model group,Yinzhihuang(9000 mg/kg),metformin group(200 mg/kg),Yinzhihuang combined with metformin group(4500 mg/kg+100 mg/kg),10 rats in each group.Except the normal group and the model group,the other groups were given treatment drugs at the same time,one time a day,on the fifth weekend of the experiment,at the last time of administration,fasting but giving water for 16 h,then collected blood and liver tissue.Biochemical method was used to detect AST and ALT in serum and SOD,MDA,GSH-px biochemical indicators in liver tissue;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and TGF-βin liver tissue;Western blot was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α(PPAR-α)protein in rat liver tissue.[Results]Compared with the model group,the serum levels of ALT,AST and MDA in liver tissue of model group rats were significantly increased;the levels of SOD and GSH-px in liver tissue were significantly increased;TNF-αand IL-6 and TGF-βcontents in liver tissue were significantly increased.[Conclusions]Both Yinzhihuang and metformin have a therapeutic effect on NAFLD rats,and the effect of combined application of the two is significantly better than the intervention effect of Yinzhihuang or metformin alone,the mechanism is possibly associated with the regulation of PPAR-αsignaling pathway.

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Assessment of Lipid Profile Estimation in Different Grades of Fatty Liver on Ultrasound

Background: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common hepatic disorder which is recognized as a great health problem causing different diseases worldwide. To determine non-alcoholic fatty liver and assess the relation of fasting total lipids with different grades of fatty liver (NAFLD) subjects diagnosed through ultrasound. By identifying the risk factors of Lipid Profile and NAFLD, the health care provider can properly manage it, even awareness specific for patients and community as general being launched to diminish the morbidity and mortality by this study. Methods: This cross-sectional research carried out at Medicine Department of PMCH, Shaheed Benazirabad. This study comprises 300 subjects of NAFLD. Patients who attended the medicine department with abdominal complains after examination consultant advised ultrasound. The ultrasound performed in Radiology department, patients with findings of fatty liver selected, and history taken from all the patients with special regard to alcoholism. Fasting lipid profile done in all patients included in present study. The blood samples collected from a vein and immediately sent to the laboratory. Results: This present study enlisted total 300 patients out of them 203 (67.7%) belonged to male gender and 97 (32.3%) were females. A ratio of 2.1:1 observed in male and female subjects. There were 176 (58.7%) patients in grade I, while 82 (27.3%) patients in grade II and 42 (14%) patients in grade III. The cholesterol value was abnormal in 186 (62%), while normal in remaining 114 (38%) patients. Triglycerides were abnormal in 152 (50.7%) while in 148 (49.3%) patients were normal. HDL in 155 (51.7%) patients was abnormal while 145 (48.3%) patients had normal values. Low density lipoprotein value in 117 (39%) patient was abnormal and 183 (61%) patient normal. Very low-density lipoprotein in 117 (39%) patients was abnormal and 183 (61%) patient normal. The mean age and SD of patients in present study was 46.83 ± 8.82, with minimum 30 years and maximum age 65 years respectively (p value 0.000). The mean and SD of total cholesterol value was 154.66 ± 58.88 mg/dl (p value 1.000), TG 180.98 ± 96.46 mg/dl (p value 0.974), HDL-C 32.13 ± 5.88 mg/dl (p value 0.000), LDL-C 116.41 ± 41.002 mg/dl (p value 0.000), and VLDL-C was 43.47 ± 34.34 mg/dl (p value 0.000). Conclusions: In current study, variable changes in lipid profile observed amongst NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) patients who diagnosed on ultrasound. Early diagnosis and treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver with abnormal lipids can prevent from long-term complication of fatty liver.

Advances in Research of Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The"gut-liver axis"theory is the theoretical basis for the influence of gut microbiota on the occurrence and development of chronic liver diseases,and it mainly elaborates the relationship between the gut and chronic liver diseases.With the emergence of high-throughput sequencing metagenomic technology,it is feasible to conduct in-depth research on the diversity and population structure of gut microbes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),so as to provide more ideas for the research on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of NAFLD.This paper reviewed the bidirectional effects of gut microbiota and NAFLD.In addition,it summarized the relevant content of regulating gut microbiota in the treatment of NAFLD,in the hope of providing more reference for the treatment of NAFLD from the perspective of gut microbiota.

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The objective of the study is to assess the role of MMP-9, TIMP-1 ＆ 2 as non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in the NAFLD. The 99 patients with NAFLD and different stages of fibrosis were examined. We assessed of anthropometric indicators, biochemical analysis of blood, abdominal ultrasonic studies, the levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 ＆ 2. According of results of elastometry, patients were divided into five groups： n = 27, n = 22, n = 23, n = 14, n = 13, respectively, depending on the stage of fibrosis （0-4）. Between the groups in physical examination, no significant differences in BMI and W/H were found. 64.6% of patients had abdominal obesity （BMI： 31.5 （29.1-33.9）, W/H： 1.02 （1.01-1.05））. Obesity and abdominal obesity （BMland W/H） had a significant positive relationship of moderate streight （rs = 0.257, p 〈 0.04 and rs = 0.301, p 〈 0.02, respectively）, with the stage of liver fibrosis. The groups were significant differences in the level of glucose, total bilirubin （p 〈 0.04, p 〈 0.03, respectively）. No significant differences in the level of liver function tests （ALT and AST） in the study groups were found. Significant differences were found in level of TIMP-2 （p 〈 0.04）. TIMP-2 had a significant positive correlation with the severity of fibrosis in the hepatic tissue （rs = 0.349, p 〈 0.004）. TIMP-2 may be considered as a potential non-invasive marker for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Comparative associations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with risk of incident chronic kidney disease:a cohort study

Background:We examined the comparative associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)definitions with risk of developing chronic kidney disease(CKD)and abnormal albuminuria.Methods:We conducted a cohort study of 214,145 Korean adults with normal kidney function at baseline who underwent liver ultrasonography.Participants were further subdivided into no steatotic liver disease(no-SLD),NAFLD-only,MASLD-only,both NAFLD and MASLD,and SLD not categorized as NAFLD or MASLD groups.Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the risk of incident CKD and albuminuria.Results:Compared with either the no-NAFLD or no-MASLD groups,the NAFLD and MASLD groups were associated with a higher risk of incident CKD(NAFLD:adjusted hazard ratio(HR),1.18[95%CI,1.01-1.38];MASLD:adjusted HR,1.21[95%CI,1.04-1.39]).Among the five subgroups,both NAFLD and MASLD group had the strongest association with risk of incident CKD(adjusted HR,1.21[95%CI,1.04-1.42]).The MASLD-only group had the strongest association with incident abnormal albuminuria,with an adjusted HR comparable to that of the both NAFLD and MASLD group(adjusted HR 1.96[95%CI,1.44-2.67]for the MASLD-only,and adjusted HR 1.98[95%CI,1.58-2.49]for the both NAFLD and MASLD group versus the no-SLD group).The NAFLD-only group was not independently associated with risk of CKD or abnormal albuminuria.Conclusions:These findings suggest that MASLD definition identifies individuals at high risk of developing incident CKD or abnormal albuminuria better than NAFLD definition.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Lean, Obese, and Gestational Diabetic Pregnancies: A Descriptive Study

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in the Western world and has a strong relationship to obesity and diabetes. NAFLD has not been well studied in pregnant women. We studied a series of lean, obese, and gestational diabetic pregnant women and determined that liver enzymes would not serve to diagnose the presence of NAFLD in an obstetric population. A total of 59 pregnant women of various gestational ages and maternal weights who denied a history of alcohol intake or preexisting liver disease were recruited from a single-center university general obstetric clinic. Pregnant women underwent a maternal abdominal and obstetrical ultrasound, and blood samples were obtained for assays of liver enzymes, adiponectin and leptin. The presence of hepatic steatosis was established using standardized ultrasound criteria. NAFLD was detected by ultrasound in 48.9% of pregnant women and almost equally distributed between lean and obese women. The incidence of NAFLD in gestational diabetic pregnancies (50%) was comparable to the non-diabetic group with NAFLD in pregnant women. Adiponectin and leptin are similar between gravidas with and without NAFLD. Screening of pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy, early or late, lean or obese, or gestational diabetes after 26 weeks of gestation, would serve as a useful approach to determine NAFLD in pregnant women.

基于ERS信号蛋白异常表达探讨清肝降浊方治疗NAFLD的机制研究

目的通过试验研究探讨清肝降浊方基于ERS信号蛋白异常表达治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病的作用机制。方法采用高脂饮食饲喂的方法,诱导建立非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠动物模型。给药8周后,进行肝功能指标AST、ALT、AKP检测、血清中TC、TG、NEFA及肝组织匀浆中TC、TG检测、肝组织匀浆中SOD、MDA检测,检测信号通路相关蛋白ATF4、eIF2a、CHOP的表达水平。结果清肝降浊方865.1 mg/kg、432.6 mg/kg和216.3 mg/kg给药组动物血清AST、ALT、AKP活性及肝组织中ATF4、CHOP表达量、TG含量均明显的低于模型组,而肝组织中SOD活性显著高于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05);865.1 mg/kg和432.6 mg/kg 2个给药组动物血清TC、TG、NEFA含量及肝组织中TC、TG、MDA含量、eIF2a表达量均低于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论清肝降浊方治疗NAFLD作用机制可能是通过调节ERS信号蛋白异常表达,从而达到防治非酒精性脂肪肝病。

Effects of Gynura divaricate(L.)DC on Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver by Regulating NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways

[Objectives]To study the effect and mechanism of Gynura divaricate(L.)DC(GD)on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).[Methods]Male mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:normal group and model group.The mice were fed with high-fat diet(HFD)for 4 weeks to induce NAFLD in the model group.The successfully modeled mice were divided into model group,positive drug group,GD high dose group,and GD low dose group.After 4 weeks of administration,the liver index,serum AST,ALT and blood lipid levels,liver tissue pathological changes,antioxidant enzymes,non-enzymatic antioxidants and inflammatory factors levels were measured in each group,and the expression of NF-κB,Nrf-2 and HO-1 in liver tissues were compared.[Results]GD significantly reduced the serum AST,ALT and blood lipid levels,increased enzyme antioxidant and non-enzymatic antioxidant content,reduced the steatosis and inflammatory infiltration of liver cells,down-regulated the level of inflammatory factors,and inhibited the expression of NF-κB,Nrf-2 and HO-1 in liver tissue.[Conclusions]GD has a protective effect on NAFLD in mice and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways.

Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZJTZ26M3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this study.Fourweek-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZJTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of therapy.According to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Liver pathology showed that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD mice.Additionally,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism.Furthermore,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Generally,L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

Lean individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,the chicken or the egg?

With the increasing obesity population,the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has continuously grown in recent decades(1).It has recently been recognized that NAFLD can be presented in lean or non-obese individuals.This subset of individuals,referred as“lean NAFLD”or“non-obese NAFLD”,accounts for approximately a quarter of entire NAFLD population(2).