Revealing the key role of non-solvating diluents for fast-charging and low temperature Li-ion batteries

Fast-charging and low temperature operation are of vital importance for the further development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which is hindered by the utilization of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes due to their slow kinetics,narrow operating temperature and voltage range.Herein,an acetonitrile(AN)-based localized high-concentration electrolyte(LHCE)is proposed to retain liquid state and high ionic conductivity at ultra-low temperatures while possessing high oxidation stability.We originally reveal the excellent thermal shielding effect of non-solvating diluent to prevent the aggregation of Li^(+) solvates as temperature drops,maintaining the merits of fast Li transport and facile desolvation as at room temperature,which bestows the graphite electrode with remarkable low temperature performance(264 mA h g^(-1) at-20 C).Remarkably,an extremely high capacity retention of 97%is achieved for high-voltage high-energy graphite||NCM batteries after 250 cycles at-20 C,and a high capacity of 110 mA h g^(-1)(71%of its room-temperature capacity)is retained at-30°C.The study unveils the key role of the non-solvating diluents and provides instructive guidance in designing electrolytes towards fast-charging and low temperature LIBs.

Fabrication and Properties of a New Reactive Diluent for Cationic UV Curing

The reactive diluent prepared by siloxane modified Trimethylene oxide can improve the performance of the UV curing system.Therefore,1,7-bis[(3-ethyl-3-methoxyoxacylobutane)propyl]octadecylosiloxane(BEMOPOMTS)was synthesized from diethyl carbonate,trimethylopropanes,allyl bromide,and 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octadecylosiloxane as the main raw materials.BEMOPOMTS can be used as reactive diluents in the field of cationic UV curing.It has good thermal stability,and the addition of BEMOPOMTS significantly improves the tensile strength and elongation at break of epoxy resin.Compared with the pure epoxy resin,adding 20%BEMOPOMTS increased the elastic modulus by 25%to 677 MPa.

Comprehensive kinetic study on ammonia/ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames:influences of diluents

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia addition on ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames with different diluents on the fuel or oxidizer side,using kinetic analyses.A special emphasis was put on assessing the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) on C2H4 combustion chemistry.The chemical effects could be evaluated by comparing fictitious inert NH_(3) or CO_(2) with normal active NH_(3) or CO_(2).The results revealed that the addition of NH_(3) decreased the mole fractions and production rates of key soot precursors,such as acetylene,propynyl,and benzene.When CO_(2) was used as the dilution gas,the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) were affected by the chemical effects of CO_(2) to varying degrees.With the oxidizer-side CO_(2) addition,the coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) reduced the mole fractions of H,O,OH radicals,acetylene,propynyl,and benzene,while the effects differed from the fuel-side CO_(2) addition.The coupled chemical effects of NH_(3) and CO_(2) also promoted the formation of aldehyde contaminants,such as acetaldehyde,to some extent,particularly with CO_(2) addition on the oxidizer side.

Adding chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract in diluent and thawing temperatures ameliorate the post-thawed quality of Boer buck semen

Objective:To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent,and the proper thawing temperature.Methods:The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without(the control group)and with adding 1μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent(the treatment group).Then,the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60×106 live sperm per straw,frozen in a standard protocol,and stored as frozen semen at−196℃for a week.Six replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37℃or 39℃sterile water to evaluate the semen quality.Results:Post-thawing(at 37℃or 39℃)of live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage(P<0.05).Thawing at 37℃resulted in no significant difference in live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane between the control group and the treatment group(P>0.05).The live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage,and post-thawed at 39℃were higher compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,DNA fragmentation,and catalase concentration of thawing at 37℃compared to those of 39℃in the same group.The MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in thawing at 37℃and 39℃of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).However,the catalase concentration in thawing at 37℃and 39℃of the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39℃.

Outstanding performances of graphite||NMC622 pouch cells enabled by a non-inert diluent

Although high salt concentration electrolyte(HCE)can construct effective Li F-rich interphase film and solve the interphasial instability issue of graphite anode,its high cost,high viscosity and poor wettability with electrode materials limit its large-scale application.Generally,localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE)is obtained by introducing an electrochemically inert diluent into HCE to avoid the above-mentioned problems while maintaining the high interphasial stability of HCE with graphite anode.Unlike traditional inert diluents,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluropropyl ether(TTE)with electrochemical activity is introduced into propylene carbonate(PC)-based HCE to obtain LHCE-2(1 M LiPF_(6),PC:DMC:TTE=1:1:6.1)herein.Experimental and theoretical simulation results show that TTE participates in the oxidation decomposition and film-forming reaction at the NCM622 cathode surface,conducting a cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)rich in organic fluorides with excellent electron insulation ability,high structural stability and low interphasial impedance.Thanks to the outstanding interphasial properties induced by LHCE-2,the graphite||NMC622 pouch cell reaches a capacity retention of 80%after 500 cycles at 1 C under room temperature.While at sub-zero temperatures,the capacity released by the cell with LHCE-2 electrolyte is significantly higher than that of HCE and conventional EC-based electrolytes.Meanwhile,the LHCE-2 electrolyte inherits the advantages of TTE flame-resistant,thus improving the safety of the battery.

Diluent decomposition-assisted formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interfaces enables high-energy Li-metal batteries

Passivation by the inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),especially the LiF-rich SEI,is highly desirable to guarantee the durable lifespan of Li metal batteries(LMBs).Here,we report a diluent with the capability to facilitate the formation of LiF-rich SEI while avoiding the excess consumption of Li salts.Dissimilar to most of reported inert diluents,heptafluoro-l-methoxypropane(HM) is firstly demonstrated to cooperate with the decomposition of anions to generate LiF-rich SEI via releasing Fcontaining species near Li surface.The designed electrolyte consisting of 1.8 M LiFSI in the mixture of1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME)/HM(2:1 by vol.) achieves excellent compatibility with both Li metal anodes(Coulombic efficiency~99.8%) and high-voltage cathodes(4.4 V LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC811) and 4.5 V LiCoO_(2)(LCO) vs Li^(+)/Li).The 4.4 V Li(20μm)‖NMC811(2.5 mA h cm^(-2)) and 4.5 V Li(20μm)‖LCO(2.5 mA h cm^(-2)) cells achieve capacity retentions of 80% over 560 cycles and 80% over 505 cycles,respectively.Meanwhile,the anode-free pouch cell delivers an energy density of~293 W h kg^(-1)initially and retains 70% of capacity after 100 deep cycles.This work highlights the critical impact of diluent on the SEI formation,and opens up a new direction for designing desirable interfacial chemistries to enable high-performance LMBs.

可变色ELISA样品稀释液制备及其性能检测

为解决酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测过程中样品错加、漏检问题,研制开发了一种可变色ELISA试剂盒样品稀释指示剂,明确了其制备方法,并开展了性能检测评价及其在检测过程的应用特性。可变色稀释指示剂制备方法为:在0.01 mol/L PBS(pH=7.2)基础缓冲液中,加入血清蛋白组分、0.01%可变色指示剂和特效稳定剂,充分溶解后再添加Krovin750防腐剂,定容后即可。结果:制备的可变色ELISA样品稀释显色反应明显,可用于ELISA试剂盒检测中的血清或血浆样本稀释,有效避免检测过程样品跳孔和错加现象;同时对样品具有良好保护,显著提高了检测结果的准确性和稳定性,实现了对样品的有效保护,降低了样品基质背景干扰,提高了检测结果的准确性和稳定性。

水苏糖对秦川牛精液冷冻保存效果的影响

试验主要探究在牛精液冷冻稀释液中添加水苏糖对秦川牛精液冷冻保存效果的影响。添加不同浓度(0、20、40、60、80 mg/mL)水苏糖到牛精液冷冻基础稀释液中,检测冷冻-解冻后秦川牛精子运动性能、质膜完整性、顶体完整率、线粒体活性及抗氧化性相关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,40 mg/mL水苏糖处理显著(P<0.05)提高冷冻-解冻后精子活力(43.83%)和顶体完整率(78.70%);质膜的完整性和线粒体活性在随着水苏糖浓度的增加显著提升,但质膜的完整性在不同水苏糖浓度之间差异不显著(P>0.05);同时,40 mg/mL水苏糖组显著提高GSH-Px酶和CAT酶的活性(P<0.05),并显著降低精子细胞中的MDA含量(P<0.05)。综上表明,40 mg/mL水苏糖处理显著提升冷冻-解冻后牛精子品质和抗氧化能力,对秦川牛的冷冻精液具有较好保存效果。

Study on Screening of Optimal Blocking Buffer and Sample Diluent for ELISA

[Objective] This study aimed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） through analyzing the effects of different blocking buffers and sample diluents and their different concentrations on the result of ELISA. [Method] Different types of blocking buffer [casein, gelatin, BSA, goat serum （GS）, horse serum （HS） and rabbit serum （RS）]and sample diluent （PBST, casein, gelatin, BSA, GS, HS and RS） as well as their different concentrations were tested in ELISA to screen the optimal combination of blocking buffer and sample diluent. [Result] The results showed that 2% BSA had better effect on blocking than 1% and 3% BSA, and both 2% and 1% casein had better blocking effect than 3% casein; 8% and 10% RS showed better blocking effects than 6%RS and 7%RS; compared to BSA and casein, RS had the best effect on blocking, and 8% RS performed best as the blocking buffer and sample diluent. [Conclusion] A good combination of blocking buffer and diluent can effectively reduce the non-specific reaction and improve the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA. This study provides an important reference for the development of a perfect ELISA method.

间二氟苯稀释剂稳定电极界面助力低温锂金属电池

锂离子电池凭借其能量密度高、输出电压高、循环寿命长等优点而广泛应用于各大领域,然而其在低温应用场景下电化学性能较差,严重限制了其应用。本文采用不同氟取代位置的氟取代苯作为稀释剂,制备了在室温和低温均具有优异循环性能的低温电解液。结果表明,间二氟苯作为低温电解液的稀释剂制备的低温电解液(13DFB)在-20℃的电导率为1.252 m S/cm,同时具有5.2 V的宽电化学窗口。间二氟苯稀释剂有效抑制SEI中的Li_(2)CO_(3)的形成,且对Li Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM 622)正极颗粒有显著的保护作用。在-20℃和4.4 V截止电压下,采用改性低温电解液组装的Li/NCM622的软包电池可稳定循环200圈,容量保持率为92.8%。本工作提出的方法简单有效,可提升电解液的低温性能,并展示了其在实际中应用的潜力。

常用抗氧化剂在奶山羊精液冷冻保存中的应用

在奶山羊精液稀释液中添加抗氧化剂等能够抑制精液冷冻保存过程中活性氧(Rcactive oxygenspccics,ROS)的生成,并维持精液抗氧化系统的平衡,提高精液冷冻保存的质量。该文从奶山羊精子理化特性、精液冷冻保存、精子的氧化损伤以及不同抗氧化剂的应用进行综述,为研究奶山羊精子抗氧化损伤机制提供理论基础。

病毒稀释液理化特性对禽流感病毒(H9亚型)重组火鸡疱疹病毒活载体疫苗病毒蚀斑数的影响

为了解病毒稀释液理化特性对禽流感病毒(H9亚型)重组火鸡疱疹病毒载体活疫苗(HVT-H9-308株)蚀斑数的影响,研究解析了稀释液配方、pH值、温度以及稀释液中添加抗生素等因素的改变与病毒衰减之间的关系。结果显示:商品化稀释液与M199培养基效果相似,添加胎牛血清能够提升稀释液使用效果;稀释液pH7.0时,稀释疫苗后获得的蚀斑数最高,酸或碱性稀释液均显著降低稀释后病毒蚀斑数(P<0.05);稀释液温度为25℃时,稀释疫苗后获得的蚀斑数最高,高温或低温稀释液均显著降低稀释后病毒蚀斑数(P<0.05);添加头孢噻呋后,对稀释液pH值改变小,未对稀释后蚀斑数产生显著影响,而添加盐酸林可霉素和硫酸大观霉素后,稀释液pH值变酸性,显著降低稀释后病毒蚀斑数(P<0.05);稀释液的改变主要影响稀释瞬间病毒蚀斑数,对蚀斑数随时间的衰减规律无明显影响。综上所述,在25℃、pH 7.0时使用空白商品稀释液稀释禽流感病毒(H9亚型)重组火鸡疱疹病毒载体活疫苗(HVT-H9-308株),能更好保证疫苗免疫效果。

鸡精液稀释液的筛选

为筛选出效果较好的B系列鸡精液稀释液,以稀释后冷藏保存不同时长精子活力、受精率与孵化率为检测指标进行研究,结果表明:1)稀释冷藏30 min后,EL、EH组的精子活力显著优于B1组(P<0.05);冷藏24 h后,EH、EL组的精子活力显著高于P组(P<0.05);B1组和P组在各时间点均无显著性差异;2)稀释后立即输精,EL组的受精率比B1组高4.9%,但受精蛋孵化率降低5.5%,最终B1组入孵蛋孵化率比EL组高0.7%;稀释冷藏10 h后输精,EL组受精率比B1组高7%,但受精蛋孵化率比B1组低11%。B1组入孵蛋孵化率比EL组高5%,但比原精组低3%;3)稀释湘黄鸡精液冷藏运输70 km后输精,6个家系平均受精率为83.7%,受精蛋孵化率为89.8%,入孵蛋孵化率为75.2%;4)稀释液实际应用方面:B1、B2液输精效果较好,但B2液成本较低,孵化结果优于B1液与鸡场自配稀释液。综上所述,单纯降低B系列稀释液中TES含量(B1液)不利于精子生存,而等比例降低各组分,将渗透压调整为280 mOsm/kg(B2液)时,孵化效果较好。

牛精液低温(0℃)保存的效果研究

为研究一种Tris-卵黄稀释液0℃(冰水混合物中)保存牛精液的效果,该试验选用5头西门塔尔牛,将每头牛采集的精液等量分装,按1∶3的比例分别与试验组稀释液(Tris-卵黄专利稀释液)、对照组稀释液(基础稀释液)等温稀释处理,在0℃(冰水混合物中)状态下保存。检测保存0、1、2、4、6、8、10、12 d的精子活率、顶体完整率及质膜完整性,并用保存5 d的精液进行人工授精,统计受胎率。结果表明:保存4~10 d,A组稀释液保存的精子活率显著高于B组(P<0.05);保存10 d时,A组精子活率大于50%;0℃保存牛精子顶体完整率、质膜完整性随保存时间的延长而逐渐降低,但不同处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。A组稀释液保存牛精子的受胎率显著高于B组。可见,用Tris-卵黄稀释液0℃保存牛精液,保存效果较好,受胎率较高。

两种氨基酸对公牛精液冷冻效果研究

[目的]试验研究L—半胱氨酸、精氨酸对牛精液冷冻效果。[方法]基础液中分别添加不同浓度的L—半胱氨酸、精氨酸进行试验,再用L_(9)(3^(4))正交表优化最佳配比,获得不同的稀释液配方,然后再进行对比试验,优选出使用效果最好的牛精液冷冻稀释液。[结果]牛精液冷冻稀释液添加0.125%、0.25%、0.375%的半胱氨酸;牛精液冷冻稀释液添加0.5%、0.75%精氨酸,牛冷冻精液解冻活力均得到提高。[结论]结果表明,半胱氨酸、精氨酸可用于牛精液冷冻保存,能改善牛精液冷冻保存效果,对提高牛冷冻精液质量效果明显。

材料组份对高强环氧灌浆料性能影响研究

采用正交试验法研究了稀释剂、增韧剂、胶砂比对高强环氧灌浆料的流动度、强度的影响,并研究了2种固化剂掺入比例对高强环氧灌浆料性能的影响。结果表明:稀释剂对环氧灌浆料的流动度影响较大,稀释剂和增韧剂对环氧灌浆料的抗压强度影响较大,但三者对抗折强度影响相对较小;综合考虑工作性和力学性能,建议环氧灌浆料中稀释剂和增韧剂总掺量控制在5%~15%,胶砂比控制在0.35~0.45,且环氧灌浆料的流动度应控制在265 mm以下;固化剂合理复配可以提高环氧灌浆料的流动度,降低反应放热温度,有效控制反应速度,且不会影响环氧灌浆料的后期抗压强度。

不同酸碱性稀释液联合一水肌酸对猪X、Y精子分离效果的研究

旨在探究调整猪精液稀释液酸碱性联合一水肌酸(ceatine monohydrate,CMH)对猪X、Y精子的分离效果。本研究使用8头2~4岁健康的杜洛克公猪采集精液,通过调整精液稀释液Beltsville(BTS)的pH,使用精子计算机辅助分析系统(CASA)检测精子活率和运动轨迹确定X、Y精子分选体系最适pH,利用CASA检测精子运动性能确定一水肌酸最适添加浓度。通过免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术评估X、Y精子分选效果,利用荧光标记法、精子活性氧MitoSOX Red染色等方法检测精子顶体、质膜完整性、活性氧含量等精子质量指标。结果表明,当稀释液pH为6.4和7.1时,孵育60 min对精子活率无显著影响(P>0.05),上层精子前向性运动占比极显著高于下层(P<0.01)。稀释液中添加750μmol·L^(-1)一水肌酸孵育60 min时显著提高了精子活力、直线运动速率、曲线运动速率和摆动性(P<0.05)。使用酸性稀释液联合一水肌酸分选猪X、Y精子,分选后上层精液X精子占比达63.32%;碱性稀释液联合一水肌酸分选猪X、Y精子,分选后上层精液Y精子占比达到67.19%。进一步研究发现,分选后顶体完整性、质膜完整性和ROS水平同对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),ATP水平、线粒体膜电位和运动性能显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,本研究通过调整稀释液酸碱性并联合一水肌酸建立了一种简便、价廉和快捷的猪X、Y精子分选体系,该方法不影响分选后精子质量并提高精子运动性能,进一步为猪性控精液新技术研发提供试验依据。

核磁共振氢谱法测定注射用微球专用溶剂中硅油的含量

目的:建立测定注射用微球专用溶剂中硅油含量的定量核磁共振氢谱(qHNMR)法。方法:采用Bruker Avance NEO 600型核磁共振波谱仪测定核磁共振氢谱(^(1)H NMR),脉冲序列zg30,弛豫延迟时间15 s,采样次数16,测定温度25℃,以咖啡因为内标,不加四甲基硅烷(TMS)的氘代氯仿为溶剂,对注射用微球专用溶剂中的硅油进行定量研究,以硅油定量峰与内标定量峰面积之比对其含量(μg)绘制标准曲线,计算注射用微球专用溶剂中硅油含量。结果:硅油含量在6~100μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,低、中、高浓度的平均回收率为97.8%(n=9),重复性RSD为9.8%。结论:该方法操作简单快捷、灵敏度高、结果准确,可用于注射用微球专用溶剂中硅油含量的测定。

活性稀释剂对电子束(EB)固化压敏胶性能的影响

为推进EB固化在压敏胶制造中的应用,使用聚氨酯丙烯酸酯和不同类型的活性稀释剂通过EB固化制备了一系列压敏胶,系统研究了活性稀释剂结构和EB辐照剂量对压敏胶凝胶含量、双键转化率以及黏合性能等的影响,并与UV固化压敏胶进行对比。结果表明:不同压敏胶固化完全所需的辐照剂量不同,且在一定范围内增加辐照剂量可提升压敏胶的黏合性能;丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯(THFA)和丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOA)的EB固化压敏胶在较低的辐照剂量(40 kGy)具有较高的双键转化率(>90%)和凝胶含量(>80%),其中HEA可与树脂形成氢键作用进而提升压敏胶的黏合性能;含柔性结构的丙烯酸−2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)、丙烯酸月桂酯(LA)、乙氧基乙氧基乙基丙烯酸酯(EOEOEA)压敏胶的黏合性能较低,且所需辐照剂量较高(>60 kGy);EB固化压敏胶比UV固化压敏胶表现出较好的持黏力和耐高温性能,但环形初黏力和剥离强度较低。

UV光固化可剥离压敏胶带的研制

以聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶为基胶,加入齐聚物、多官能团活性稀释剂和光引发剂配制成胶液,然后涂敷于PET基膜上制备成UV光固化可剥离压敏胶带。研究了齐聚物、多官能团活性稀释剂和光引发剂的用量对胶带性能的影响,通过测试180°剥离强度、残胶情况优化出各组分最佳用量,并利用傅里叶红外光谱对其光固化过程进行了表征。研究结果表明:(1)聚丙烯酸酯胶粘剂129A基体为100份、齐聚物用量30份、活性稀释剂用量50份、光引发剂用量0.8份时,制备的UV固化可剥离型胶带减黏效果突出,无残胶,综合性能优异。与晶圆初始粘接力高达10.3 N/25 mm,经UV光照射后瞬间失黏,粘接力为0.3 N/25 mm,易剥离,满足芯片的特殊加工要求。(2)利用傅里叶红外光谱仪对光固化反应过程进行了表征。随着光固化过程的进行,碳碳双键的红外吸收峰逐渐减弱至消失,体系中发生了碳碳双键交联反应,形成交联结构,使胶由“黏”变为“失黏”。