In the study, a total of 20 red-eared turtles （ half male and half female） were selected to conduct the measurement of liver size and intrahepatic blood flow of red-eared turtles by color Doppler ultrasound. The res...In the study, a total of 20 red-eared turtles （ half male and half female） were selected to conduct the measurement of liver size and intrahepatic blood flow of red-eared turtles by color Doppler ultrasound. The results showed that the fight hepatic lobe could be scanned through the right carotid anterior acoustic win- dow, and the left hepatic lobe could be scanned through the left carotid anterior acoustic window, but the vision would be obstructed by the air in trachea. The liver could also be scanned through the left femoral anterior acoustic window and the fight femoral anterior acoustic window when filling of bladder was good. The correla- tion regression analysis suggested that estimated values of liver showed no linear relationship with weight, the longest back curve and the widest back curve. Through the study, the normal indicators for ultrasound examination of red-eared turtle liver were established, in order to provide a reference for examination of turtle liver.展开更多
The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and...The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and clearance,but also its dramatic role as the blood volume reservoir. Among parenchymal organs,blood flow to the liver is unique due to the dual supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Knowledge of the mutual communication of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential to understand hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. To distinguish the individual importance of each of these inflows in normal and abnormal states is still a challenging task and the subject of on-going research. A central mechanism that controls and allows constancy of hepatic blood flow is the hepatic arterial buffer response. The current paper reviews the relevance of this intimate hepatic blood flow regulatory system in health and disease. We exclusively focus on the endogenous interrelationship between the hepatic arterial and portal venous inflow circuits in liver resection and transplantation,as well as inflammatory and chronic liver diseases. We do not consider the hepatic microvascular anatomy,as this has been the subject of another recent review.展开更多
AIM: Blood platelets (pIt) and monocytes are the cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver damage and liver cirrhosis (LC). In this paper, the analysis of mutual relationship between platelets and mo...AIM: Blood platelets (pIt) and monocytes are the cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver damage and liver cirrhosis (LC). In this paper, the analysis of mutual relationship between platelets and monocytes activation in LC was conducted. METHODS: Immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of activated platelet populations (CD62P, CD63), the percentage of plt-monocyte aggregates (pma) (CD41/CD45), and activated monocytes (CD11b, CD14, CD16) in the blood of 20 volunteers and 40 patients with LC. Platelet activation markers: sP-selectin, platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (PTG) and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) were measured and compared in different stages of LC. RESULTS: Platelet activation with the increase in both βTG serum concentration and elevation of pIt population (CD62P and CD63 as well as MIF CD62P and CD63) is elevated as LC develops and thrombocytopenia rises. There is a positive correlation between medial intensity of fluorescence (MIF) CD62P and MIF CD63 in LC. We did not show any relationship between monocyte activation and pma level. SP-selectin concentration correlates positively with pIt count and pma, and negatively with stage of pIt activation and MIF CD62P and MIF CD63. There was no correlation between MCP-1 concentration and pIt, monocyte activation as well as pma level in LC. CD16 monocytes and MIF CD16 populations are significantly higher in the end stage of LC. A positive correlation occurs between the value of CDllb monocyte population and MIF CD14 and MIF CD16 on monocytes in LC. CONCLUSION: Platelet and monocyte activation plays an important role in LC. Platelet activation stage does not influence monocyte activation and production of pIt aggregates with monocytes in LC. With LC development, thrombocytopenia may be the result of pIt consumption in platelet-monocyte aggregates.展开更多
Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clini...Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the hepatic inflow, yet invasive. The phase-contrast-MRI(PC-MRI) is not invasive and potentially applicable in assessing the hepatic blood flow. In the present study, we compared the hepatic inflow rates using the PC-MRI and the TTUS probe, and evaluated their predictive value of post-hepatectomy adverse events. Methods: Eighteen large white pigs were anaesthetized for PC-MRI and approximately 75% hepatic resection was performed under a unified protocol. The blood flow was measured in the hepatic artery(Qha), the portal vein(Qpv), and the aorta above the celiac trunk(Qca) using PC-MRI, and was compared to the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method was conducted and a partial least squares regression(PLS) model was implemented. Results: The mean Qpv measured in PC-MRI was 0.55 ± 0.12 L/min, and in the TTUS probe was 0.74 ± 0.17 L/min. Qca was 1.40 ± 0.47 L/min in the PC-MRI and 2.00 ± 0.60 L/min in the TTUS probe. Qha was 0.17 ± 0.10 L/min in the PC-MRI, and 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min in the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method revealed that the estimated bias of Qca in the PC-MRI was 32%(95% CI:-49% to 15%); Qha 17%(95% CI:-15% to 51%); and Qpv 40%(95% CI:-62% to 18%). The TTUS probe had a higher weight in predicting adverse outcomes after 75% resection compared to the PC-MRI( β= 0.35 and 0.43 vs β = 0.22 and 0.07, for tissue changes and premature death, respectively). Conclusions: There is a tendency of the PC-MRI to underestimate the flow measured by the TTUS probes. The TTUS probe measures are more predictive of relevant post-hepatectomy outcomes.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the effect of oral intake of branchedchain amino acids （BCAA） on brain perfusion in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS： Single photon emission computed tomography scans were performed in 43 pa...AIM： To evaluate the effect of oral intake of branchedchain amino acids （BCAA） on brain perfusion in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS： Single photon emission computed tomography scans were performed in 43 patients with cirrhosis and in 15 age-matched healthy subjects. Twenty-nine out of forty-three patients were randomly treated with either BCAA granules or placebo, and single photon emission computed tomography was performed before and after the treatment. We measured the regional cerebral blood flow values using a threedimensional stereotaxic region of interest template. RESULTS： Cirrhotic patients had regions of significant hypoperfusion in the bilateral central （right P = 0.039, P〈0.05; left P = 0.006 P〈0.01）, parietal （right P = 0.028, P〈0.05; left P = 0.009, P〈0.01）, angular （right P = 0.039, P〈0.05; left P = 0.008, P〈0.01）, and left pericallosal segments （P = 0.038 P〈0.05） as compared with healthy subjects. A significant increase in cerebral perfusion was observed 70 min after the oral intake of BCAA in the angular （right P = 0.012, P〈0.05; left P = 0.049, P〈0.05）, temporal （right P = 0.012, P〈0.05; left P=0.038, P〈0.05）, pericallosal segments （right P = 0.025, P〈0.05; left P = 0.049, P〈0.05） and left precentral （P = 0.044, P〈0.05）, parietal （P = 0.040, P〈0.05） and thalamus （P = 0.033, P〈0.05）. No significant change in perfusion was observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSION： Administration of BCAA rapidly improves cerebral perfusion.展开更多
文摘In the study, a total of 20 red-eared turtles （ half male and half female） were selected to conduct the measurement of liver size and intrahepatic blood flow of red-eared turtles by color Doppler ultrasound. The results showed that the fight hepatic lobe could be scanned through the right carotid anterior acoustic win- dow, and the left hepatic lobe could be scanned through the left carotid anterior acoustic window, but the vision would be obstructed by the air in trachea. The liver could also be scanned through the left femoral anterior acoustic window and the fight femoral anterior acoustic window when filling of bladder was good. The correla- tion regression analysis suggested that estimated values of liver showed no linear relationship with weight, the longest back curve and the widest back curve. Through the study, the normal indicators for ultrasound examination of red-eared turtle liver were established, in order to provide a reference for examination of turtle liver.
文摘The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and clearance,but also its dramatic role as the blood volume reservoir. Among parenchymal organs,blood flow to the liver is unique due to the dual supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Knowledge of the mutual communication of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential to understand hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. To distinguish the individual importance of each of these inflows in normal and abnormal states is still a challenging task and the subject of on-going research. A central mechanism that controls and allows constancy of hepatic blood flow is the hepatic arterial buffer response. The current paper reviews the relevance of this intimate hepatic blood flow regulatory system in health and disease. We exclusively focus on the endogenous interrelationship between the hepatic arterial and portal venous inflow circuits in liver resection and transplantation,as well as inflammatory and chronic liver diseases. We do not consider the hepatic microvascular anatomy,as this has been the subject of another recent review.
文摘AIM: Blood platelets (pIt) and monocytes are the cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver damage and liver cirrhosis (LC). In this paper, the analysis of mutual relationship between platelets and monocytes activation in LC was conducted. METHODS: Immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of activated platelet populations (CD62P, CD63), the percentage of plt-monocyte aggregates (pma) (CD41/CD45), and activated monocytes (CD11b, CD14, CD16) in the blood of 20 volunteers and 40 patients with LC. Platelet activation markers: sP-selectin, platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (PTG) and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) were measured and compared in different stages of LC. RESULTS: Platelet activation with the increase in both βTG serum concentration and elevation of pIt population (CD62P and CD63 as well as MIF CD62P and CD63) is elevated as LC develops and thrombocytopenia rises. There is a positive correlation between medial intensity of fluorescence (MIF) CD62P and MIF CD63 in LC. We did not show any relationship between monocyte activation and pma level. SP-selectin concentration correlates positively with pIt count and pma, and negatively with stage of pIt activation and MIF CD62P and MIF CD63. There was no correlation between MCP-1 concentration and pIt, monocyte activation as well as pma level in LC. CD16 monocytes and MIF CD16 populations are significantly higher in the end stage of LC. A positive correlation occurs between the value of CDllb monocyte population and MIF CD14 and MIF CD16 on monocytes in LC. CONCLUSION: Platelet and monocyte activation plays an important role in LC. Platelet activation stage does not influence monocyte activation and production of pIt aggregates with monocytes in LC. With LC development, thrombocytopenia may be the result of pIt consumption in platelet-monocyte aggregates.
基金supported mainly by the “Agence de la Biomedecine” through its program of Research(AOR 2009)BM,AC,BP,WM,VCI and VE acknowledged funding of project ANR-13-TECS-0006 by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche
文摘Background: The hepatic hemodynamics is an essential parameter in surgical planning as well as in various disease processes. The transit time ultrasound(TTUS) perivascular flow probe technology is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate the hepatic inflow, yet invasive. The phase-contrast-MRI(PC-MRI) is not invasive and potentially applicable in assessing the hepatic blood flow. In the present study, we compared the hepatic inflow rates using the PC-MRI and the TTUS probe, and evaluated their predictive value of post-hepatectomy adverse events. Methods: Eighteen large white pigs were anaesthetized for PC-MRI and approximately 75% hepatic resection was performed under a unified protocol. The blood flow was measured in the hepatic artery(Qha), the portal vein(Qpv), and the aorta above the celiac trunk(Qca) using PC-MRI, and was compared to the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method was conducted and a partial least squares regression(PLS) model was implemented. Results: The mean Qpv measured in PC-MRI was 0.55 ± 0.12 L/min, and in the TTUS probe was 0.74 ± 0.17 L/min. Qca was 1.40 ± 0.47 L/min in the PC-MRI and 2.00 ± 0.60 L/min in the TTUS probe. Qha was 0.17 ± 0.10 L/min in the PC-MRI, and 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min in the TTUS probe. The Bland-Altman method revealed that the estimated bias of Qca in the PC-MRI was 32%(95% CI:-49% to 15%); Qha 17%(95% CI:-15% to 51%); and Qpv 40%(95% CI:-62% to 18%). The TTUS probe had a higher weight in predicting adverse outcomes after 75% resection compared to the PC-MRI( β= 0.35 and 0.43 vs β = 0.22 and 0.07, for tissue changes and premature death, respectively). Conclusions: There is a tendency of the PC-MRI to underestimate the flow measured by the TTUS probes. The TTUS probe measures are more predictive of relevant post-hepatectomy outcomes.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the effect of oral intake of branchedchain amino acids （BCAA） on brain perfusion in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS： Single photon emission computed tomography scans were performed in 43 patients with cirrhosis and in 15 age-matched healthy subjects. Twenty-nine out of forty-three patients were randomly treated with either BCAA granules or placebo, and single photon emission computed tomography was performed before and after the treatment. We measured the regional cerebral blood flow values using a threedimensional stereotaxic region of interest template. RESULTS： Cirrhotic patients had regions of significant hypoperfusion in the bilateral central （right P = 0.039, P〈0.05; left P = 0.006 P〈0.01）, parietal （right P = 0.028, P〈0.05; left P = 0.009, P〈0.01）, angular （right P = 0.039, P〈0.05; left P = 0.008, P〈0.01）, and left pericallosal segments （P = 0.038 P〈0.05） as compared with healthy subjects. A significant increase in cerebral perfusion was observed 70 min after the oral intake of BCAA in the angular （right P = 0.012, P〈0.05; left P = 0.049, P〈0.05）, temporal （right P = 0.012, P〈0.05; left P=0.038, P〈0.05）, pericallosal segments （right P = 0.025, P〈0.05; left P = 0.049, P〈0.05） and left precentral （P = 0.044, P〈0.05）, parietal （P = 0.040, P〈0.05） and thalamus （P = 0.033, P〈0.05）. No significant change in perfusion was observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSION： Administration of BCAA rapidly improves cerebral perfusion.
