Integration of network pharmacology and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells experimental research to reveal the molecular mechanisms for Hai Honghua medicinal liquor against osteoporosis

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML)formula has been used in clinical practice for a long time,mainly for the treatment of freshly closed fractures,to promote osteogenesis,to increase bone mass,and thus to promote fracture healing.However,the underlying mechanisms of HHML in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP)are still unclear.Methods:Firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen the targets of the active compounds of HHML.At the same time,OP targets were identified through GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET,Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Human Phenotype Ontology databases.Next,protein-protein interaction and pathway networks were constructed for compound-disease common targets,and core targets and compounds were screened for molecular docking.Furthermore,rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted as model cells,and the osteogenic effects of HHML were verified via in vitro experiments.Results:Total of 343 common targets of HHML-OP and the top 10 target proteins in the protein-protein interaction network are TP53,AKT1,STAT3,HSP90AA1,ESR1,TNF,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3 and MAPK8.Enrichment analysis yielded that the key molecular pathway was the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that baicalein,erysodienone and naringenin docked with the target proteins AKT1,STAT3 and TP53,respectively,with low binding energy and high affinity.In addition,In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHML promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;compared with the control group,HHML-treated cells showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining,promoted the expression of OCN,RUNX2,BSP,and COL1 mRNAs as well as the expression of PI3K and AKT phosphorylated proteins.Secondly,the expression of target proteins revealed that HHML promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein and inhibited the expression of P53.Conclusions:Our study investigated that HHML treatment with OP promotes bone formation possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may involve STAT3 and TP53 target interactions.

The mechanistic study on Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor mitigating diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis

Background:This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor(NML)on rats with diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(DMED)and its impact on the ferroptosis signaling pathway.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Control,DMED,and NML.After establishing the DMED model,treatments were administered for 8 weeks.After the administration,apomorphine hydrochloride tests were conducted to measure the mass and organ index of testes and epididymides,sperm concentration and viability in each group.Penile corpus cavernosum tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the penile corpus cavernosum tissues were determined using biochemical kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while the expression of proteins related to the ferroptosis signaling pathway was measured by Western blot.Results:Compared to the DMED group,the DMED rats treated with NML showed significantly increased erection frequency,testicular and epididymal mass and index,sperm count and viability,along with noticeable improvement in the pathological morphology of penile corpus cavernosum.The content of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate,and the expression of ferritin heavy chain,ferritin light chain,and glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins in penile corpus cavernosum tissue were elevated,while the expression of transferrin and STEAP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusion:NML can improve erectile function in DMED rats by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling pathway.

A Brief Analysis of the Non-commercial Forest Compensation System in China

The non-commercial forest is an important natural resource protecting the environment and contributing to the sustainable development of a nation. Due to its crucial positive external effects, it is inevitable policy that non-commercial forestry should be invested by government, thereby formulates the non-commercial forestry compensation system. This paper first discusses the theoretical basis of non-commercial forestry compensation system and the process of establishment of non-commercial forestry compensation system in China, and then analyzes the deficiency in the current compensation system.

Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Compensation for Non-commercial Forests under CVM

Based on non-commercial forests in Kunming City,this article conducts survey of 506 households in Kunming City to evaluate their willingness to pay ecological benefit of non-commercial forests,using Contingent Valuation Method(CVM);to analyze factors influencing their willingness to compensate for non-commercial forests,using multivariate statistical analysis method.The results show that income,educational level, housing ownership,outdoor exercise time,whether to be concerned about environmental problems,frequency of obtaining forest-related information monthly and whether understanding non-commercial forests or not,are the most principal factors influencing willingness to pay.

A Study on Compensation for Management and Protection Expenses of Non-commercial Forests

This paper analyzes the compensation nature of non-commercial forests under different ownership from two aspects, namely, whether the property right is limited and whether the management and protection expense has been incurred: there are no economic loss compensation problems caused by changes and limitation of property rights for the state-owned non-commercial forests with only the compensation on management and protection expense; but for the non-commercial forests owned by collectives or individuals, double compensation for both the economic loss and management expense exists because of limitation on the property right. In addition, an inframarginal economic analysis framework has been built for the management and protection compensation problems faced by non-commercial forests under different ownership in the perspective of the division of labor. Research results show that: the compensation standard for the management and protection expenses of non-commercial forests shall fall in between the "completely self-sufficient forestry economic structure U(Ayz)" and the "completely specialized productive structure of non-commercial forests U(B1)".

Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers.Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material.Therefore,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals.The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,respectively.Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.

Comparison of Bacterial Cross-Contamination among Broiler Carcasses between Commercial and Non-Commercial Processed System and Its Public Health Implications

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of bacterial cross-contamination in commercial and non-commercial processing plants including associated risk factors for bacterial contamination. Study Design: This was analytic cross sectional survey on bacterial contamination of broiler carcasses between different processing systems. Introduction: Zambia, like most African and Asian Countries, still practices “live-open non-commercial broiler carcass processing systems” besides the “closed abattoir based systems”. However, shelf life, spoilage and hygiene levels have been postulated to vary based on the type of processing system. Live-open non-commercial processing systems are popular among majority consumers owing to their perceived “freshness”, compared to commercially dressed chickens. In between, consumers have to balance freshness and quality assurance. Ultimately, this becomes inert, remotely but an important public health issue. However, lack of empirical evidence on safety levels to guide consumer product selection leaves them to speculation. It is this need to close this gap that created an impetus for us to undertake this study. Methods: Biological samples were collected before carcass wash and after carcass wash alongside a structured questionnaire that gathered risk-associated data. Standard microbiological enumeration methods were used to isolate bacteria and enumerate contamination. Results: Broiler carcasses processed from “open” non-commercial systems were more contaminated (45.6%) than “closed-abattoir” commercially processed systems (35%). Escherichia coli were major contaminants (71.3%) and few Salmonella spices (typhi or para-typhi) in 1.3%. Risk analysis indicates washing (method) of carcasses at commercial systems was significantly more risky for contamination than non-commercial ones. Major sources of contamination were “distance from water sources”. Increased volume of slaughters per day (>15,000 birds) for commercial systems accounted for increased cross-contamination, particularly, distance from water source was a ma-jor risk factor for contamination.

Research of the molecular mechanism of Hai Honghua medicinal liquor in the treatment of fracture based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML),a famous hospital formula composed of 19 traditional Chinese medicines,has been successfully applied in treating soft tissue injury,fresh closed fracture,limb dysfunction after fracture healing,shoulder,neck and leg pain,knee joint pain and other clinical multiple diseases for 30 years in clinical.However,research on the material basis of HHML for the treatment of fracture healing-related disorders is still in a gap.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the active ingredients,core targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of HHML to promote fracture healing.Methods:We screened the core active components of each traditional Chinese medicine in formula and its action targets through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine database.The fracture related targets were retrieved from several different public databases,including GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET and Therapeutic Target Database.Bioinformatics analysis to obtain key bioactive components,underlying targets and signaling pathways,containing the Venn diagram of the intersection with components and diseases gene targets,protein–protein interaction,as well as the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and finally molecular docking.Results:A total of 249 bioactive ingredients of HHML and 325 HHML-fracture-related targets were screened.The network analysis revealed that quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,Licochalcone A,naringenin and 8-Isopentenyl-kaempferol may be potential candidate agents.Multiple targets are involved including TP53,MAPK3,STAT3,AKT1,MAPK1,HSP90AA1,ESR1 and PIK3CA may be closely linked targets.PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play a significant role of HHML in treatment of fracture.What’s more,molecular docking suggested that 8-isopentenyl kaempferol,glycyrrhiza chalcone A,and naringenin bound to AKT1,PIK3CA,and ESR1,respectively,exhibiting lower energy and more stable characteristics.Conclusions:The findings indicate the potential active ingredients,target proteins and molecular mechanisms of HHML for the treatment of fractures to provide the exact idea for the next research on the mechanism of action of HHML formula for fracture treatment.

Effects of Rice Straw Steam-explosion Spent Liquor on the Growth of Cabbage Seedlings

The direct use of spent liquor from pulping and papermaking engineering,which is abundant in active organic matter,can avoid resource wastage and environmental pollution.In this study,the effects of soaking solution and filtrate from steam-exploded rice straw on seed germination and the early development of cabbage were investigated.The results have shown that soaking solution and filtrate stimulated early cabbage growth at low concentrations.Optimal germination potential and the rate of soaking solution-treated cabbage seeds increased by 8%and 5%,respectively;meanwhile,that of the filtrate-treated cabbage seeds increased by 11%and 5%,respectively.Promotion of root growth by steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor was expressed in lateral root multiplication.The fresh weight of cabbage seedlings treated with the soaking solution/filtrate increased by more than 50%and the dry weight over 20%.Comparatively,the stimulation of filtrate on seed germination and early development of cabbage is superior to that of the soaking solution.Steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor is rich in bioactive lignin and oligosaccharides,which makes it a promising biostimulant for promoting crop growth.

以梦为马,诗“酒”趁年华

酒,乃天地之精华,文化之载体,品一杯佳酿,如同品一段历史,品一份人生。白酒在各种场合中发挥着重要作用,它不仅仅是一种饮品,还寄托着人们对美好生活的向往和追求。本文采用生动形象的对话形式,通俗易懂地描述了白酒酿制的五个主要过程——选料、糖化、发酵、蒸馏和陈酿,重点介绍了其中的主要化学成分以及酿制过程中的化学反应,白酒的酿造过程体现了匠心独运的精神以及酒文化的博大精深。通过品味白酒,可以更好地感悟人生的哲理和智慧。好酒需要陈放才能更加醇香,人生也需要经历岁月的沉淀才能更加丰富多彩。

从元代“汗酒”看中国蒸馏酒起源

元代的蒸馏酒虽有“汗酒”“烧酒”“重酿酒”等汉语名称,但一度流行的“阿剌吉酒”等音译名称,使得中国蒸馏酒起源成为颇具争议的国际性学术问题。本文在系统梳理史籍所载“汗酒”及其制备用具的基础上,结合考古发现的相关资料,通过“汗酒”名称和蒸馏器具渊源的探析,认为“汗酒”之名理应源自历史典故“汗出如浆”,而制备“汗酒”的酒铛实乃釜、甑等多件套甗式蒸馏器。尤其“酒铛”与古代蒸馏器实物的相互对应,有助于重新审视中国蒸馏酒、蒸馏器的起源及演化历程。

草苁蓉急性经口毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的:通过草苁蓉(酒用原料)急性经口毒性试验和遗传毒性试验,为草苁蓉配制酒开发提供食用安全性依据。方法:选用Wistar大鼠、ICR小鼠以10.0g/kg·BW剂量进行草苁蓉急性经口毒性试验。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)设5000、1000、200、40和8μg/皿5个剂量组,另设未处理对照组、溶剂对照组和阳性对照组,试验在±S9条件下进行,每组作3个平行皿,重复1次;哺乳动物红细胞微核试验设5.34g/kg·BW、2.67g/kg·BW和1.34g/kg·BW 3个剂量组,另设空白对照组和阳性对照组;小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验设5.34g/kg·BW、2.67g/kg·BW和1.34g/kg·BW 3个剂量组,另设空白对照组和阳性对照组。结果:草苁蓉大鼠、小鼠急性经口LD50均大于10.0g/kg·BW;在±S9条件下,TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102、TA15355个株菌株5个剂量组的回变菌落数均未超过未处理对照组的2倍;哺乳动物红细胞微核试验和小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果为阴性。结论:在本研究条件下,草苁蓉属实际无毒级,未见遗传毒性。

三星堆青铜器在白酒包装中的视觉符号转译研究

目的三星堆青铜器独特的艺术形象是中国先秦文化系统中最具冲击力的视觉元素,研究三星堆青铜器视觉造型在现代设计语境下的转译路径,在巴蜀文化向当代设计转化思路上有一定的范式意义。方法通过形象特征与内涵寓意两个层面,基于三星堆青铜器视觉符号已应用在特色白酒包装上的案例,析出三星堆青铜器的文化内涵、造型特征与视觉设计之间的关联,针对符号化的当代设计表现、地域性的包装这两种设计路径进行转译,探析三星堆青铜器在白酒包装中进行视觉符号转译的具体原则与方法。结论三星堆青铜器的艺术形象兼具文化与视觉双重符号属性,其文化价值和审美理念的当代设计转化,有助于三星堆品牌文化的进一步传播与推广,对其他种类的包装及文化衍生品的设计有着直接的借鉴作用。

基于智能感官和气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析贮藏年限对酱香型白酒的影响

该研究以采集自河北省邯郸市永不分梨酒业股份有限公司的第四轮次基酒为主要研究对象,基于智能感官和气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术,探究了储藏年限对酱香型白酒感官品质和风味特征的影响。结果表明,不同贮藏年限酱香型白酒中酸酯总量和总酯含量分别在74.16~85.40 mmol/L和2.89~3.64 g/L,且随着白酒贮藏年限的增加,酒体中酸酯总量、总酯含量、鲜味、有机硫化物和萜类物质含量呈明显下降趋势,而酒体的明亮度、酸味和芳香类物质含量则明显升高。通过GC-IMS共定性了49种挥发性化合物,可以有效区分不同储藏年限酱香型白酒。筛选出18种变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)值>1且P<0.05的关键差异化合物,并从中挑选出6个相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)>1的香气化合物,其中3-甲基丁酸乙酯和2-甲基丁酸乙酯在贮藏10年的酱香型白酒中ROAV显著偏高(P<0.05),且其对白酒的明亮度、酸味、苦味、涩味、咸味和芳香风味等感官品质具有积极作用。因此,贮藏10年的酱香型白酒品质更佳,该研究为酱香型白酒选择合适的贮藏时间提供了理论依据。

白酒外包装设计中中国传统元素的运用分析

探讨白酒外包装设计中传统元素的应用对白酒品牌价值和艺术价值的影响。通过文献分析和实地调研,了解相关传统文化元素在白酒外包装的实际应用。研究结果显示,白酒包装设计中的传统元素可以赋予产品独特的视觉冲击力和文化情感。色彩能够传达出浓郁的民族特色和品牌特色氛围;运用书法能够展示品牌的文化内涵和审美价值。同时,中国传统元素在白酒外包装设计中的应用将产生巨大影响。这不仅表现在设计创新方面,而且可以最大化品牌价值和市场竞争力。

米曲霉发酵100%玉米浆的工艺条件优化

为开发玉米浆资源化利用的新途径,该文采用米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)对100%玉米浆进行发酵制备食用菌营养剂。首先在100%玉米浆固体培养基中连续驯化米曲霉,获得对100%玉米浆更耐受的米曲霉菌株,然后建立米曲霉发酵100%玉米浆的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,与原始菌株相比,在100%玉米浆固体培养基上连续驯化4次后,米曲霉的菌丝形成和孢子成熟时间分别缩短了40%和30%;将驯化后的米曲霉接种于100%玉米浆中进行发酵,可溶性蛋白和氨基酸态氮含量分别增加了3.38%和3.00%。以驯化米曲霉为发酵菌株,采用单因素试验和正交试验确定米曲霉发酵100%玉米浆的最佳工艺条件为:接菌量1.25×10^(5)孢子/100 mL、装液量90 mL/250 mL、初始pH 5.9,发酵温度25℃,发酵时间8 d。在此条件下,氨基酸态含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别为(21.75±0.12)mg/mL和(18.25±0.08)g/100 mL,分别比未发酵玉米浆提高了71.67%和10.74%。

酱香型白酒第六轮次堆积发酵醅堆微生物类群与感官品质的相关性分析

该研究采用高通量测序技术对酱香型白酒第六轮次堆积发酵醅堆不同位置酒醅的微生物类群进行了解析,继而使用常规和仿生检测对其品质进行了评价,最后将微生物与感官品质间进行了关联性分析。理化结果表明,醅堆不同位置酒醅中酸度、酒精度和淀粉含量差异显著(P<0.05)。感官结果表明,整个醅堆挥发性风味物质以有机硫化物和萜类物质为主,滋味变化主要体现在酸味上。MiSeq结果表明,醅堆中微生物类群结构存在明显差异,其主要细菌属为高温放线菌属(Thermoactinomyces,26.46%)、克罗彭斯特菌属(Kroppenstedtia,23.42%)和乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus,19.05%)等,主要真菌属为酵母属(Saccharomyces,6.15%)、嗜热子囊菌属(Thermoascus,4.85%)和嗜热真菌属(Thermomyces,2.05%)等,相互菌属之间存在着密切的演替作用。相关性结果表明,醅堆不同位置酒醅中微生物与风味指标相关性不显著(P>0.05),与滋味指标相关性显著(P<0.05),且微生物代谢与酒醅中酸味的形成密切相关。由此可见,第六轮次堆积发酵醅堆不同位置酒醅的理化指标和微生物存在明显差异,且醅堆中微生物对酒醅品质的影响更多体现在滋味品质上。

贵州仁怀生物多样性及其环境背景

通过对仁怀市自然环境、遗传资源多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观与土地利用开展全面、深入、系统地调查,结果发现仁怀市自然地理环境较为特殊,区内共记录野生生物物种5515种,其中植物2590种,动物1262种,微生物1663种,包括贵州省新记录科1个、新记录属9个、新记录种116个。仁怀市分布有国家重点保护野生植物21种,国家重点保护野生动物26种。本研究首次全面摸清了仁怀市生物多样性本底资源现状,并尝试系统地从无机环境、微生物和生物多样性方面阐释酱香白酒生产条件的特殊性,对仁怀市生物多样性保护和利用、酱香白酒产业的可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。

锆基非晶合金电解质等离子体抛光工艺及废液处理

电解质等离子体抛光技术在非晶合金结构件的应用仍处于探索阶段,而且会产生含较高浓度的重金属和氟离子废液。为了提高锆基非晶合金结构件的表面质量以满足其使役性能,研究抛光时间、工作电压、硫酸铵浓度、初始温度、工件入水深度、阳极挂具材料等电解质等离子体抛光工艺参数对锆基非晶合金表面粗糙度、晶化情况的影响,并利用正交试验进行参数组合优化,对比不同参数对于表面粗糙度的影响显著程度。最后针对抛光后废液污染的问题,探究并配套合适的废液处理方案。结果表明:影响抛光后材料表面质量因素的显著程度为抛光时间>工作电压>初始温度>硫酸铵浓度,最优抛光工艺参数组合为抛光时间8 min,工作电压220 V,初始温度88℃,硫酸铵浓度为5%,此时表面粗糙度为0.103μm。经化学混凝沉淀法和离子交换树脂法组合工艺处理后,出水废液中的重金属和氟离子浓度均能达国家电镀污染物排放标准。研究成果可为电解质等离子体抛光在锆基非晶合金的实际生产提供工艺指导,有助于推广锆基非晶合金结构件的产业化应用,促进锆基非晶合金的大规模工业生产。

滨海黏质盐渍土饱和泥浆与不同土水比土壤浸提液电导率的响应关系分析

为统一和精准判定耐盐作物种植地块的土壤盐渍化程度,并针对饱和泥浆制备时饱和点的不确定性及其电导率测定的不稳定性等问题,本试验采用室内化验与统计分析方法,系统研究饱和泥浆与饱和土壤溶液两者间含水量和电导率的响应关系,以及饱和泥浆电导率、全盐含量与土水比1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2.5、1∶3.5、1∶5土壤浸提液电导率与全盐含量的响应和换算关系。结果表明:在滨海黏质盐渍土区,利用计算田间土壤孔隙度得到的饱和土壤溶液含水量、电导率不能直接代替饱和泥浆含水量、电导率,尽管二者的响应关系达到极显著水平;饱和泥浆电导率、全盐含量分别与土水比1∶1和1∶0.5土壤浸提液的数值差异最小,且与土水比1∶0.5~1∶5间各处理土壤浸提液的相应指标均呈极显著的响应关系;饱和泥浆电导率与土水比1∶5土壤浸提液的电导率、饱和泥浆全盐含量与土水比1∶1土壤浸提液全盐含量相关性最高,可分别用最佳拟合线性模型进行换算,模型分别为ECe(mS/cm)=5.406EC1∶5-0.284 4,TSe(g/kg)=0.836 4TS1∶1-0.135 9。