The Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index and Its Association with General Circulation Anomalies

Based on monthly ECMWF reanalysis-Interim （ERA-Interim） reanalysis data, along with monthly precipitation and temperature data, the Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index （DPMI） is defined. The results of a contrast analysis of the DPMI versus the Traditional Plateau Monsoon Index （TPMI） are described. The response of general circulation to northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon anomalies and the correlation of the DPMI with general circulation anomalies are investigated. The results show that, the DPMI reflected meteorological elements better and depicted climate variation more accurately than the TPMI. In years when the plateau summer monsoon is strong, the low over the plateau and the trough near the eastern coast of Asia are deeper and higher than normal over South China. This correlation corresponds to two anomalous cyclones over the plateau and the eastern coast of Asia and an anomalous anticyclone in South China. The plateau and its adjacent regions are affected by anomalous southwesterly winds that transport more moisture to South China and cause more precipitation. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River appear to receive more precipitation by means of the strong westerly water vapor flow transported from the ＂large triangle affecting the region＂. In years when the plateau summer monsoon is weak, these are opposite. The plateau monsoon is closely related to the intensity and position of the South Asian high, and the existence of a teleconnection pattern in the mid-upper levels suggests a possible linkage of the East Asian monsoon and the Indian monsoon to the plateau summer monsoon.

Study on the Model between the Occurrence Area of Grasshopper and the Characteristic Quantity Indexes of Atmospheric Circulation in Western Aletai

By analyzing the correlation between the occurrence area of grasshopper and 74 characteristic indexes of atmospheric circulation in western Aletai from 1991 to 2008,the atmospheric circulation factors which had the significant relationship with the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties were screened.The prediction models for the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties were established by stepwise regression method,and the models obtained were also tested.These models were subsequently utilized to carry out extended prediction on the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties of western Aletai from 2009 to 2010.Meanwhile,the relationship between the atmospheric circulation factors and the occurrence area of grasshopper were analyzed.The results provided the theoretical basis for the prediction on grasshopper plague.

Subpolar Gyre Index and the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Coupled Climate Model

The subpolar gyre index (SPG), derived from the analysis of sea surface height (SSH), is proposed to be a potential indicator for the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) based on observation as well as the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM). We investigated the correspondence between the SPG and the AMOC in a coupled climate model. Our results confirm that the SPG can be used as an early indicator for the AMOC in the subtropical North Atlantic. Changes in the SPG are closely related to variations in the air-sea heat exchange in the Labrador Sea, and variations in deep water formation and southward dense water transport with the deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the North Atlantic.

Hemodynamic Profiling Using a Cardiac Index–Systemic Vascular Resistance Plot in Patients with Fontan Circulation

Background: Elevated Fontan pressure (FP) alone cannot fully predict clinical outcomes. We hypothesized thathemodynamic profiling using a cardiac index (CI)-systemic vascular resistance (SVR) plot could characterize clinicalfeatures and predict the prognosis of post-Fontan patients. Methods: We included post-Fontan patients whounderwent cardiac catheterization at age < 10 years. Patients were classified into four categories: A, CI ≥ 3, SVRindex (SVRI) ≥ 20;B, CI < 3, SVRI ≥ 20;C, CI ≥ 3, SVRI < 20;and D, CI < 3, SVRI < 20. The primary outcome wasfreedom from the combined endpoint: new onset of protein-losing enteropathy or plastic bronchitis, heart transplant,and death. Clinical and hemodynamic variables and freedom from the endpoint were compared betweenthe hemodynamic categories and outcome predictors were evaluated. Results: Eighty-three patients wereincluded. Median follow-up was 5.3 years. Category A/B/C/D consisted of 4/15/53/11 patients, respectively. Allthe patients in category A were New York Heart Association I/II and had a significantly lower pulmonary vascularresistance index (PVRI). Patients in category C had lower pulmonary/systemic blood flow. Patients in category Dhad a higher PVRI and had the poorest freedom from the endpoint (44% at 5 years). Elevated FP and category Dwere outcome predictors. Conclusions: CI-SVR plots was a novel adjunctive method for Fontan hemodynamicprofiling.

A Study on the Multi-Compartment Linear Circulation Pharmacokinetic Model for the Targeting Drug Delivery System

By analyzing the observed phenomena and the data collected in the study, a multi-compartment linear circulation model for targeting drug delivery system was developed and the function formulas of the drug concentration-time in blood and target organ by computing were figured out. The drug concentration-time curve for target organ can be plotted with reference to the data of drug concentration in blood according to the model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in target organ could also be obtained. The practicability of the model was further checked by the curves of drug concentration-time in blood and target organ(liver) of liver-targeting nanoparticles in animal tests. Based on the liver drug concentration-time curves calculated by the function formula of the drug in target organ, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug in target organ(liver) was analyzed by statistical moment, and its pharmacokinetic parameters in liver were obtained. It is suggested that the (relative targeting index( can be used for quantitative evaluation of the targeting drug delivery systems.

The Shallow Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Northern Indian Ocean and Its Interannual Variability

The shallow meridional overturning circulation (upper 1000 m) in the northern Indian Ocean and its interannual variability are studied, based on a global ocean circulation model (MOM2) with an integration of 10 years (1987-1996). It is shown that the shallow meridional overturning circulation has a prominent seasonal reversal characteristic. In winter, the flow is northward in the upper layer and returns southward at great depth. In summer, the deep northward inflow upwells north of the equator and returns southward in the Ekman layer. In the annual mean, the northward inflow returns through two branches: one is a southward flow in the Ekman layer, the other is a flow that sinks near 10°N and returns southward between 500 m and 1000 m. There is significant interannual variability in the shallow meridional overturning circulation, with a stronger (weaker) one in 1989 (1991) and with a period of about four years. The interannual variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation is intimately r

Drought variability and its connection with large-scale atmospheric circulations in Haihe River Basin

Drought is one of the most widespread and devastating extreme climate events when water availability is significantly below normal levels for a long period.In recent years,the Haihe River Basin has been threatened by intensified droughts.Therefore,characterization of droughts in the basin is of great importance for sustainable water resources management.In this study,two multi-scalar drought indices,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)with potential evapotranspiration calculated by the PenmaneMonteith equation and the standardized precipitation index(SPI),were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of drought characteristics from 1961 to 2017 in the Haihe River Basin.In addition,the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns were used to further explore the potential links between drought trends and climatic anomalies.An increasing tendency in drought duration was detected over the Haihe River Basin with frequent drought events occurring in the period from 1997 to 2003.The results derived from both SPEI and SPI demonstrated that summer droughts were significantly intensified.The analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns indicated that the intensified summer droughts could be attributed to the positive geopotential height anomalies in Asian mid-high latitudes and the insufficient water vapor fluxes transported from the south.©2021 Hohai University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Judging the Prognosis of Patients with Renal Cancer and Related Indexes of Blood Coagulation

Objective: To investigate the value of the number of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood in the prognosis and coagulation-related indicators of patients with renal cancer. Methods: 65 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) confirmed pathologically were divided into CTC positive group and CTC negative group according to the CTC count (5 pcs/3.5 ml). Compare the age, gender, tumor location, TNM (clinical stage), pathological grade, tissue type, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, prognosis and prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), partial coagulation of the two groups of patients The correlation between the results of zymogen time (APTT) and D-dimer (DD) and the number of CTC. Results: There were significant differences in TNM, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis between the two groups (P < 0.05). The number of CTC in patients was correlated with FIB and D-D levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The number of CTC in patients with renal cell carcinoma is correlated with some clinical phenotypes (TNM, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis) and some coagulation indexes (FIB, D-D), and can jointly predict the prognosis of renal cancer.

Countermeasures to Improve the Competitiveness of Medicine Circulation Enterprises in China under the New Situation

Objective To analyze the current situation of medicine circulation enterprises and summarize the influence of frequently introduced industry policies on the pharmaceutical field,so as to provide suggestions on improving the competitiveness and maintaining sustainable development of medicine circulation enterprises in China.Methods Industry policy analysis,literature inquiry,expert interview and questionnaire survey were used to study the challenges that medicine circulation faced under the new situation.Then,the key indexes were found out to improve its competitiveness.Results and Conclusion Through the analysis of the current situation of the industry,policy orientation and market demand,some suggestions are put forward for related enterprises to improve their competitiveness.

THE ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF IMPACT OF AEROSOLS ON EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON INDEX AND ONSET

RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.

钻井过程中井漏特征精细识别方法研究与应用

井漏是钻井工程中普遍存在的井下复杂问题,严重影响着钻井施工安全与钻井周期,井漏特征精细识别是高效治理井漏的关键。首先,综合测井、钻井、录井及地质等资料,结合漏层力学性质与物理机理分析,利用加权系数法,建立了基于“井漏综合指数”的井漏层位识别新方法。然后,研究了漏失通道类型及尺寸、漏失压差、漏失速度等井漏特征参数的定量分析方法,并给出计算模型,形成了多信息融合的井漏特征精细识别方法。该方法在X区块进行了实例分析,分析结果表明,X区块实际井资料的处理结果与现场实际漏失地层的层位、漏失类型及漏失速度等井漏特征基本吻合。井漏特征精细识别方法综合考虑了井漏的主要影响因素,利用其可以准确识别漏层的特征,为防漏堵漏技术优化及施工提供科学依据。

稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术前冠脉生理指标与术后预后的关系研究

目的 探究稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前冠脉生理指标与术后预后的关系。方法 选取2020年2月至2022年5月期间陕西航天医院收治的68例SAP患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受PCI术治疗,依据预后情况将患者分为预后良好组(n=40)和预后不良组(n=28),比较两组患者的基线资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析PCI术后预后的影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析PCI术前冠状动脉血流储备分数(FFR)、冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)、冠脉微循环阻力指数(IMR)对术后预后的预测效能。结果 经单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,PCI术前FFR、CFR、IMR是PCI术后患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05);经ROC分析结果显示,PCI术前FFR、CFR、IMR预测术后预后的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.707、0.736、0.654,灵敏度分别为82.10%、67.90%、71.40%,特异度分别为52.50%、70.00%、57.50%,三者联合检测预测患者术后预后的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.909、89.30%、92.50%,均高于单一检测,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PCI术前冠脉生理指标是SAP患者术后预后的影响因素,能有效评估SAP患者术后预后。

Circulant矩阵构造准循环LDPC码的旋转环长分析法(英文)

低密度奇偶检验(QC-LDPC:Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check)码的环长分布影响决定着LDPC码的解码效果和编码复杂度,但其分析较困难。为此,首次提出旋转距离分析法,用于分析基于Circulant矩阵构造的准循环低密度奇偶校验码(QC-LDPC码)的环分布,并给出了任何一个基于Circulant矩阵构造出的QC-LDPC码中的最小环长(girth)的上限(12)。同时,运用该方法,分析出一种权重为(3,5)的QC-LD-PC码的译码效果与该码环分布的关系。由于LDPC码奇偶校验矩阵中的Circulant子矩阵,可以被当成1个矩阵节点的单一节点看待,从而简化了整个码的特纳图,使寻找QC-LDPC码中闭环的方法变得简单。

山西极端暴雨环流特征及水汽异常研究

研究山西极端暴雨发生规律对开展预报预警、灾害防御具有重要意义。本文利用常规观测资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5),采用标准化距平作为异常度,运用环流分析和物理量诊断等方法,研究1981—2018年6—9月山西17次极端暴雨的气候特征、环流影响系统和水汽异常特征。结果表明:山西极端暴雨主要出现在7—8月,暴雨区主要位于中南部,2010年以来极端暴雨明显多发;影响系统主要是700 h Pa低涡和台风系统,有偏南和偏东两支水汽通道。极端暴雨过程中,低层水汽含量明显偏高,从暴雨区平均比湿的过程最大值看,大部分过程850 h Pa超过14.2 g·kg^(-1),700 h Pa则可超过9.8 g·kg^(-1)、对应暴雨区平均异常度达1.6以上;水汽的极端性在低层水汽通量辐合中心表现突出,17次极端暴雨700、850 h Pa暴雨区水汽通量辐合中心过程最大值的异常度均值分别达-8、-6,其中台风减弱低压影响下的极端暴雨850 h Pa水汽通量辐合中心最大异常度达-12。根据以上环流和水汽特征建立极端暴雨概念模型,并给出极端暴雨低层水汽含量和水汽通量辐合强度预报参考指标。

关于体外循环专业质量控制指标遴选的一些思考

质控指标体系是医疗质量管理与控制体系的重要组成部分。构建科学、规范的医疗质控指标体系对加强科学化、精细化医疗质量管理,促进医疗质量持续改进具有重要意义[1-2]。近年来,为进一步加强医疗质量与医疗技术管理,规范临床诊疗行为,促进医疗服务的标准化、同质化,国家卫生健康委办公厅陆续发布了部分临床专业质控指标、单病种质量控制指标、国家限制类技术质控指标。截止到2023年11月国家卫健委共制定了43个专业(含限制性技术等)质量质控指标,同期国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所汇总了2015年至2023年11月间由国家卫健委发布的各专业的医疗质量控制指标,并编制发布了《医疗质量管理与控制指标汇编》5.0版本供临床参阅。

1961-2018年长白山气候舒适期变化特征

研究长白山气候舒适期的变化,可以为其旅游业发展规划提供科学依据。基于1961—2018年长白山二道气象站逐日观测资料和NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Na⁃tional Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料,分析长白山地区气候舒适期特征及其与大气环流的关系,并利用综合舒适指数对长白山气候舒适度进行评价。结果表明:长白山地区5—9月为气候舒适期,4月和10月为气候较舒适期。稳定气候舒适初日整体呈提前趋势[1.9 d·(10 a)^(-1)];稳定气候舒适终日整体呈推迟趋势[2.3 d·(10 a)^(-1)],且在1988年前后发生突变,由偏早转为偏晚。稳定气候舒适期平均为177 d,整体呈增长趋势[4.2 d·(10 a)^(-1)],其中1960—1980年代初期为偏短期,1980—1990年代中期为平稳期,1990年代中期以后转变为偏长期,并存在3~5 a周期。当东亚地区春季500 hPa高度场正异常,有利于稳定气候舒适初日异常偏早,反之异常偏晚;当东亚—西北太平洋地区500 hPa高度场存在负异常,有利于稳定气候舒适终日异常偏早,反之异常偏晚。

2022年7-8月黄河中游强降水极端性特征及其形成机制

采用国家和省级气象站降水观测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析资料和美国国家环境信息中心地形高程数据等,详细分析了2022年7-8月黄河中游持续强降水过程的极端性特征和形成机制。结果表明:(1)研究时段黄河中游共出现11轮强降水过程,具有持续时间长、累计雨量大、降水时间间隔短、强降水落区重叠性高等特点;18个站点累计降水量的标准化距平超过2.5,多次降水过程中最大雨强超过50 mm·h^(-1),表现出显著极端性特征,且8月降水的极端性强于7月;强降水雨带分布和黄河中游地形特征密切相关。(2)7-8月亚洲中高纬度贝湖附近高度场标准化距平达-2.5~-1.5(8月超过-3.5),低槽较常年同期异常偏强;强降水过程中副高西脊点呈西进状态,7月副高脊线和北界南北摆幅较大,副高的每一次南北摆动与来自贝湖的冷空气结合,引发一次次强降水过程;8月副高脊线和北界缓慢南退,摆幅较小,持续性强降水形成于副高边缘。(3)8月水汽输送来自孟加拉湾、南海和东海,整层水汽通量积分标准化距平达2.5以上,PWAT维持40~60 mm,其标准化距平在内蒙古南部和晋陕区间北部均为2.5~3.5,局部3.5以上,水汽条件明显强于7月。(4)黄河中游上空存在上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结,中低层36°N以北形成锋生,北部整层出现上升运动,垂直速度标准化距平达-2.5~-0.5,异常偏强,与强降水落区对应。(5)8月锋生函数分析表明,黄河中游北部降水发生前及发生时均有锋生,锋生值增减与降水强弱变化趋势一致;变形项对总锋生贡献大,倾斜项对总锋消贡献大;降水强度大的过程,锋生伸展高度较高,强度小的过程锋生高度较低,锋生值相对较小。

干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征对比研究

以长江、黄河和淮河流域为研究对象,基于标准化旱涝急转指数,利用趋势分析、变点检验、小波分析、随机森林等方法探究典型干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征及其驱动因子。结果表明:湿润和半湿润区是极端旱涝急转事件的高频发生区,干旱区是极端旱转涝事件的高频发生区;干旱区的突变发生在1998年,湿润区的突变在1978年,未来干旱区更易发生旱转涝事件,湿润区则相反;气象因子在湿润区对旱涝急转的贡献度更大,大气环流对干旱区的影响突出,旱涝急转与不同驱动因子间存在非线性关系。

不同低温循环水暂养时间对克氏原螯虾肌肉品质和健康状况的影响

为探讨低温(5~6℃)循环水暂养时间对克氏原螯虾肌肉品质、健康状况的影响,各处理组随机选取20尾初始体重为(25.28±1.56) g的克氏原螯虾进行低温暂养,对试验起始阶段(对照)与低温暂养15 d、30 d的克氏原螯虾的肌肉营养成分、肌肉氨基酸组成和含量、肌肉离心损失率和蒸煮损失率、肌肉质构特性及肝胰腺抗氧化指标进行分析。结果显示,与试验起始阶段相比,随着低温暂养时间延长至30 d,克氏原螯虾肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05);随着暂养时间延长至15 d、30 d,克氏原螯虾肌肉的蛋白质含量显著下降(P<0.05)。与试验起始阶段相比,低温暂养15 d、30 d的克氏原螯虾肌肉中甲硫氨酸含量、精氨酸含量、谷氨酸含量、天冬氨酸含量、丙氨酸含量、甘氨酸含量、酪氨酸含量均无显著变化,而组氨酸含量呈下降趋势,其余氨基酸含量从低温暂养15 d或30 d开始显著上升(P<0.05);必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量和总氨基酸含量整体较为稳定(P>0.05)。与试验起始阶段相比,低温暂养15 d、30 d的克氏原螯虾肌肉的离心损失率、蒸煮损失率的变化不显著(P>0.05),肌肉的硬度从低温暂养15 d开始显著下降,肌肉的恢复性在低温暂养30 d时显著下降(P<0.05),肌肉的咀嚼性、弹性无显著变化(P>0.05)。与试验起始阶段相比,低温暂养15 d、30 d的克氏原螯虾肝胰腺中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),并在低温暂养30 d时降至最低值,显著低于试验初始阶段。研究结果显示,在低温下暂养30 d不会显著影响克氏原螯虾的肌肉品质和健康状况,后期可调整暂养参数以完善养殖技术。

The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly index and its interannual variations

Based on the concept of East Asia-Pacific (EAP) teleconnection which influences East Asian summer monsoon, an index for East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly was defined and it was pointed out that this index can describle the interannual variation character of summer climate in East Asia, especially in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Valley.