Effects of Microbial Fermented Feed on Growth and Development of Farmed Crayfish

Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability.It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic.Additionally,it has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,facilitate the growth and development of animals,and enhance their immune response,disease resistance,and overall production performance.This paper summarizes the selection of common feed materials and microbial strains used in fermented feed,as well as their effects on the growth performance,muscle quality,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of crayfish.The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the further popularization and application ofmicrobialfermented feed in crayfishaquaculture.

Effect of In-home Fortification of Complementary Feeding on Intellectual Development of Chinese Children

Objective To explore the effect of in-home fortification of complementary feeding on intellectual development of Chinese children aged below 24 months. Methods One thousand and four hundred seventy eight children aged 4-12 months were recruited and divided into study groups （formula 1 group and formula 2 group） and control group. In two study groups, in addition to the usual complementary food, children were fed with a sachet of fortified food supplement each day. Protein and micronutrients were provided in formula 1 group. Formula 2 group had the same energy intake as the formula 1 group . In addition to measurement of physical growth and detection of hemoglobin level, Development Quotient （DQ） or Intelligence Quotient （IQ） was assessed. Results The DQ of children aged below 24 months was 97.2, 95.5, and 93.8 in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group, and control group was 92.7, 90.4, and 88.3 respectively in the first follow up showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. And, DQ of children in formula 1 group, formula 2 group and control group were 96.7, 94.5, and 93.7 respectively in the second follow up, showing statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. FulI-IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 3.1 and 4.5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and in control group respectively. Verbal IQ of children in the formula 1 group was 2.1 and 5 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. Performance IQ was 2.5 and 3.1 points higher than that in formula 2 group and control group respectively. All above mentioned comparisons were statistically significant. Conclusion Fortification of complementary feeding showed persistent effect on intelligence development of young children which could persist to 6 years of age. The critical time for correction of anemia could be under 18 months.

Dynamic alterations in early intestinal development,microbiota and metabolome induced by in ovo feeding of L-arginine in a layer chick model

Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding(IOF)of L-arginine(Arg)on growth,intestinal development,intestinal microbiota and metabolism.The treatments included the non-injected control,saline-injected control,and saline containing 2,6,or 10 mg Arg groups.Results:IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height,and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks.Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbialα-diversity,the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks.Furthermore,the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg.Simultaneously,metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose,taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg.Conclusions:Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development,cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance.These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks,and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition,early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.

Effects of Feeding Programs Based on One or Two Milk Replacer Daily Meals on Growth, Solid Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation and Development of Dairy Calves

Sixteen Holstein calves were used to study the effects of two feeding programs (FP) on growth, intake, rumen development and ruminal metabolism from birth to weaning. Two feeding programs based on milk replacer (MR) were tested: a once a day (OAD) MR (200 g/L) distribution vs. a standard twice a day (TAD) MR (125 g/L) distribution. All calves received water, wheat straw and a starter concentrate ad libitum. Four calves per group were slaughtered at weaning and rumen epithelium from the ventral sac was sampled for papillae (RP) density. Results showed that the FP had no effect on body weight of calves and total feed intake. From day 42 to day 56, ruminal pH was lower (P = 0.036) and ruminal oxydo-reducing potential was higher (P = 0.001) in OAD than TAD calves. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations did not significantly differ between FP. From day 21 to day 63, butyrate ruminal concentration was significantly higher in OAD than TAD calves (5.17 vs 3.95 mmol/L). This probably explained the higher development of RP in calves fed once daily. Finally, the tested feeding system based on a once daily MR distribution affects the concentrate feeding pattern of calves.

Immature Development Time of <i>Hermetia illucens</i>L. in Different Varieties of Feed

Larvae of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (Black Soldier Fly) are voracious feeders which consume a wide range of organic materials. Thus, they can be used in simple mechanical systems to reduce organic waste and also as a nutritional factor for animal livestock, in the context of recycling the organic matter. In the present study we investigated the effect of two combinations of nutrient substrates on the immature development time of H. illucens. Poultry feed and urban bio-waste (catering organic waste) were used as nutritional substrates in two rates, 150 and 250 mg/larva. Results showed that both the food source and the quantity affected the BSF immature development time significantly. In total, significantly shorter immature development was recorded in poultry feed treatment compared with the catering waste. Moreover, immature development time in the 250 mg/larva/day treatment was significantly shorter compared with the 150 mg/larva/day treatment. Results of the present study could be useful and offer optimal solutions for BSF larvae cultivations, especially in large commercial scale units.

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG DEMOISELLE CRANES

Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) is the smallest one of all cranes, which migrates to north China in March, and leaves in October each year. The demoiselle crane is a premature bird. The average weight of a one-day nestling is about 76.0g, and the new hatched nestling can’t stant until 20 h later. The weight of the nestling can be increased from 76 to 600 within 30 days, but decreased within the first 8 days. and increased gradually after 10 days. From 30 days to 60 days, the body weight increasing speed is the greatest, and is gradually slow after 60 days. The growth of other organs is similar to the body weight. The demoiselle crane is a omnivorous bird. During the early period, the main food is small fish, other small animals and fresh grasses. The grain feed is incrased gradully with the digesting organs developed. The demoiselle crane is easy domesticated, and is able to be oestrus, mating and laying eggs.

THE FEED BACK INHIBITION EFFECT ON THEINFECTIOUS DEVELOPMENT CAUSED BY N'-ACYL-N-PHENYLHYDRAZINE

The phenyl and methyl phenyl free radicals,formed in the oxidation-hydrolysis process of N’-acyl-N-phenylhydrazine, have been studied by ESR spectrometry.It was found that the free radical is the chief cause which produces the feed-back inhibition effect in the hydrazine-promoted infectious development of silver halide.

Utilisation of Non-Conventional Animal Waste as Feeds by Multiple Livestock Species Farmers in Lake Victoria Crescent of Central Uganda

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to establish the utilisation of non-conventional animal waste in multiple livestock species systems. Farmers (150) were selected from four out of ten districts of Central Uganda in Lake Victoria Crescent. A structured questionnaire was used and descriptive analysis showed that over 80% are smallholder farmers on 3.0) years. Household husbands (80%) significantly (P 1.0) as they cause poor livestock health due to pathogens, parasites and toxins which are associated (OD > 1.0) with poor growth, mortality and condemnation of livestock products. The remedy to unsafe non-conventional feeds is to apply effective solar-heating (75%), chemical and ensiling treatment methods. The study showed that there are no significant (P < 0.001) public health risks associated with utilising treated non-conventional feeds instead it improves production and sustainability of multiple livestock species systems.

Development of New Green Feed for Large Water Surface Ecological Fishery

In view of the fact that cages and bait are not allowed in large water surface aquiculture,1-2 kinds of new green feeds"plankton+microecologics"were developed to solve the problems of yield reduction,slow growth and difficulty in fishing of aquatic organisms caused by extensive mode.The new green feed is ecological,environmentally friendly and residue-free,which not only supplements nutrition but also meets the requirements of environmental protection.

Theory of Global Sustainable Development Based on Microalgae in Bio and Industrial Cycles, Management-Changing Decisions in Areas of Climate Change and Waste Management

The paper provides requested management-changing decisions through implementation of conclusions of Global Sustainable Development theory based on including of microalgae in Bio and Industrial Cycles in the area of waste-related management challenges within creating market opportunities for industry through expansion of resource efficiency use across global supply chains and new design and building sustainable development with contemporary manufacturing of value added products. A truly coherent waste management and other production policy (biofuel, biopharmaceuticals, food, feed and perfumery additives) and mitigation of Climate Change are ways to bring these traces closer to cost effective manufacturing, improving of resource efficiency use, well being economy and human health. Offered technological change dramatically increase biomass feedstock resources, reduce waste origin of greenhouse emission (since 13%-17%), organics sent to landfill, pyrolyses, etc. and create a model that all elements along the waste value chain create economic, societal and/or environmental value.

Development Forecast of Catalytic Reforming in China

The current status of catalytic reforming in China is reviewed and a forecastof the development in a couple of years or a decade is given. Distinguished from the past decade,the future trend will be focused on revamps, expansions, higher severity, diversified feeds,combination with other processes for higher product quality, and novel catalysts and equipment.

First Systematic Testing Platform for Pressurization Feed System Developed for Liquid Rocket Propellant in China

Beijing Aerospace System Engineering Institute of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) declared recently that theinstitute has set up a laboratory whichwould operate a newly

Feed Production for Tenebrio molitor L. by Fermentation of Corn Stalks

In order to reduce the economic costs for breeding Tenebrio molitor L. and increase the utilization rate of corn stalk, with corn, wheat bran and corn stalk as the raw materials, 13 different compound feed were designed by Minitab （R） 15.1.0.0. The design was then divided into two groups based on addition or without addition of vegetable leaves to study the effects of compound feed and vegetable leaves on growth and de- velopment of T. molitor. The results showed that body weight, duration, crude protein content and pupation rate of larvae and emergence rate of adults were significantly affected by compound feed and vegetable leaves （ P 〈 0.05）. The larvae bred with feed 5 had the largest body weight, with the shortest duration; the larvae bred with feed 3 had the highest pupation rate; the larvae bred with feed 7 had the highest crude protein content; the adult bred with feed 9 had the largest emergence rate. Overall breeding effect of feed 7 ＋ vegetable leaves was better than any other groups, with ideal indicators, higher utilization rate and lower breeding cost. Its formula was w （wheat bran） = 33.33%, w （corn） = 33.33%, w （corn stalks） = 33.33%. Therefore, the growth of T. molitorwas significantly affected by feed types, and feed 7 ＋ vegetable leaves could be promoted in the production.

花生粕的饲用资源开发及在养殖业的应用

花生粕粗蛋白含量和代谢能均高于大豆饼粕,但缺乏赖氨酸、蛋氨酸等,且赖氨酸与精氨酸比例失衡,蛋白质品质欠佳。花生粕极易感黄曲霉毒素,同时在高温压榨条件下,蛋白质变性严重,导致蛋白质和氨基酸的利用率降低。由于花生粕自身品质缺陷和加工质量的不稳定性,限制了其在配合饲料中的应用。利用微生物发酵或菌酶协同发酵技术,可使花生粕中含有丰富的益生菌、寡肽、有机酸等,改善其适口性,有效降解霉菌毒素或抗营养因子,有利于改善动物肠道健康,增强机体免疫,提高生产性能,缓解蛋白质原料匮乏的现状。文章综述了花生粕资源状况、营养特性、生物发酵花生粕研究现状及在养殖业中的应用,为花生粕安全高效可持续利用提供参考依据。

中国式现代化下数字经济赋能饲料产业高质量发展的对策研究

时值全面推进中国式现代化的关键窗口期,饲料产业高质量发展成为加快农业强国建设、实现农业农村现代化的必由之路。面向中国式现代化,数字经济在数字技术加速迭代创新、数字金融迅速发展、电子商务平台快速崛起等方面取得显著成效,为饲料产业高质量发展提供强大动力。从内在机理维度分析,数字经济不仅能够有效提高饲料企业内部管理效率,还可助力构建良好企业品牌形象,加快重构传统营销渠道,驱动饲料产业高质量发展。从实现路径维度来看,饲料企业应以促进数字贸易发展为着力点,扩大饲料产品出口规模;以推动数据有序流通为立足点,降低产业链交易成本;以强化线上平台建设为切入点,拓展产业增值增效空间,从而助推饲料产业高质量发展。

数字经济与饲料产业高质量发展耦合协调关系实证研究

数字经济是推动现代化建设的新质生产力,数字经济赋能饲料产业、两者耦合协调发展成为推进农村现代化建设的重要途径。本文构建数字经济、饲料产业高质量发展两个系统的评价指标体系和耦合协调度模型,研究表明,全国整体层面,两个系统耦合协调度位于高度协调阶段;地区层面,东部地区耦合协调度表现最好,东部和中部地区演变趋势较为一致,西部和东北地区趋势波动性大。最后,基于研究结果提出两者协同发展的政策建议。

乡村振兴背景下饲料产业赋能农业现代化的逻辑与进路

饲料产业作为支撑现代养殖业、畜牧业发展的基础性产业,在我国农业生产体系与农业产业结构中占有重要地位。在乡村振兴背景下,饲料产业迎来持续稳定的高质量发展机遇,可助力农业产业化、农业绿色可持续化、农业劳动力升级化、农业生产技术科学化,从而推动农业现代化发展。饲料产业赋能农业现代化承担着推进产业深度融合、改善乡村生态环境、培育饲料产业专业人才、助推农业科技化应用的重要任务与使命。乡村振兴背景下,应加速饲料产业结构调整优化,推动饲料产业可持续发展,建强饲料产业技术人才队伍,驱动饲料产业科技自立自强,大幅度提高饲料产业综合生产能力,进而赋能农业现代化。

发展性照护下的多维度干预对喂养不耐受新生儿生长发育的影响

目的探讨发展性照护下的多维度干预对喂养不耐受新生儿生长发育的影响。方法选择2020年10月-2022年10月我院收治的喂养不耐受新生儿90例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予发展性照护下的多维度干预,两组持续干预3个月。比较两组指标恢复时间(达到喂养耐受时间、达到肠道营养时间以及鼻胃管留置时间)、生长发育(体重、头围、身长)及护理不良事件发生率。结果观察组干预后达到喂养耐受时间、达到肠道营养时间以及鼻胃管留置时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后体重、头围及身长均大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理不良事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论发展性照护下的多维度干预可有效缩短喂养不耐受新生儿指标达标时间,促进生长发育,降低护理不良事件的发生。

昆虫蛋白开发应用进展及产业前景

昆虫是动物界中物种多样性最高的类群。昆虫不仅具有种类繁多、数量庞大、繁殖性能优良等特点,还含有丰富的营养成分。阐述了昆虫的营养价值,分析了昆虫蛋白在饲料及其他领域的应用现状,总结了昆虫蛋白产业发展过程中面临的问题,并对昆虫蛋白产业的发展前景进行了展望。利用昆虫生物转化废弃物生产昆虫蛋白,不仅能解决环保问题,还能解决饲料蛋白短缺问题,昆虫蛋白产业有益于经济和社会的可持续发展。