We prove that the model with physical and human capital adjustment costs has optimal solution when the production function is increasing return and the structure of vetor fields of the model changes substantially when...We prove that the model with physical and human capital adjustment costs has optimal solution when the production function is increasing return and the structure of vetor fields of the model changes substantially when the prodution function from decreasing return turns to increasing return. And it is shown that the economy is improved when the coefficients of adjustment costs become small. Key words optimal solution - nonzero equilibrium - adjustment costs CLC number O 29 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (79970104)Biography: RAO Lan-lan (1978-), female, Master candidate, research direction: mathematical economy.展开更多
AIM:To determine the short-term cost-utility of mo-lecular adsorbent recirculating system(MARS) treatment in acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS:A controlled retrospective study was conducted with 90 ALF patients treated...AIM:To determine the short-term cost-utility of mo-lecular adsorbent recirculating system(MARS) treatment in acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS:A controlled retrospective study was conducted with 90 ALF patients treated with MARS from 2001 to 2005.Comparisons were made with a historical control group of 17 ALF patients treated from 2000 to 2001 in the same intensive care unit(ICU) specializing in liver diseases.The 3-year outcomes and number of liver transplantations were recorded.All direct liver disease-related medical expenses from 6 mo before to 3 years after ICU treatment were determined for 31 MARS patients and 16 control patients.The health-related quality of life(HRQoL) before MARS treatment was estimated by a panel of ICU doctors and after MARS using a mailed 15D(15-dimensional generic healthrelated quality of life instrument) questionnaire.The HRQoL,cost,and survival data were combined and the incremental cost/quality-adjusted life years(QALYs) was calculated.RESULTS:In surviving ALF patients,the health-related quality of life after treatmeant was generally high and comparable to the age-and gender-matched general Finnish population.Compared to the controls,the average cost per QALY was considerably lower in the MARS group(64 732€ vs 133 858€) within a timeframe of 3.5 years.The incremental cost of standard medical treatment alone compared to MARS was 10 928€,and the incremental number of QALYs gained by MARS was 0.66.CONCLUSION:MARS treatment combined with standard medical treatment for ALF in an ICU setting is more cost-effective than standard medical treatment alone.展开更多
Objective: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that induces osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption. Adding ZOL to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to have potential anticanc...Objective: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that induces osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption. Adding ZOL to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to have potential anticancer benefits in women with HER2-negative breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate ZOL’s cost-effectiveness from the perspective of health care payers in Japan. Methods: A Markov model was developed to evaluate the costs and effectiveness associated with ZOL + chemotherapy (CTZ) and chemotherapy (CT) alone over a 10-year time horizon. Monthly transition probabilities were estimated according to JONIE1 (Japan Organization of Neoadjuvant Innovative Expert) Study data and an extrapolated Weibull model. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were calculated using year-2018 Japanese yen (JPY) (1.00 US dollars (USD) = 110.4 JPY). Model robustness was addressed through one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The costs and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 2% per year. Results: In the base case, the use of CTZ was associated with a gain of 3.94 QALYs. The incremental cost per QALY of the CTZ gain was 681,056.1 JPY (6168.99 USD) per QALY. Conclusion: It is convincing that neoadjuvant CTZ for patients with breast cancer would be expected to have statistically significant clinical efficacy. Addition of ZOL to CT might be a cost-effective option compared with CT alone.展开更多
This paper investigates the cost control problem of congestion management model in the real-time power systems. An improved optimal congestion cost model is built by introducing the congestion factor in dealing with t...This paper investigates the cost control problem of congestion management model in the real-time power systems. An improved optimal congestion cost model is built by introducing the congestion factor in dealing with the cases: opening the generator side and load side simultaneously. The problem of real-time congestion management is transformed to a nonlinear programming problem. While the transmission congestion is maximum, the adjustment cost is minimum based on the ant colony algorithm, and the global optimal solu-tion is obtained. Simulation results show that the improved optimal model can obviously reduce the adjust-ment cost and the designed algorithm is safe and easy to implement.展开更多
Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cas...Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.展开更多
文摘We prove that the model with physical and human capital adjustment costs has optimal solution when the production function is increasing return and the structure of vetor fields of the model changes substantially when the prodution function from decreasing return turns to increasing return. And it is shown that the economy is improved when the coefficients of adjustment costs become small. Key words optimal solution - nonzero equilibrium - adjustment costs CLC number O 29 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (79970104)Biography: RAO Lan-lan (1978-), female, Master candidate, research direction: mathematical economy.
基金Supported by Scientific grants from the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund (EVO) and the Finnish Office for Health Technology Assessment
文摘AIM:To determine the short-term cost-utility of mo-lecular adsorbent recirculating system(MARS) treatment in acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS:A controlled retrospective study was conducted with 90 ALF patients treated with MARS from 2001 to 2005.Comparisons were made with a historical control group of 17 ALF patients treated from 2000 to 2001 in the same intensive care unit(ICU) specializing in liver diseases.The 3-year outcomes and number of liver transplantations were recorded.All direct liver disease-related medical expenses from 6 mo before to 3 years after ICU treatment were determined for 31 MARS patients and 16 control patients.The health-related quality of life(HRQoL) before MARS treatment was estimated by a panel of ICU doctors and after MARS using a mailed 15D(15-dimensional generic healthrelated quality of life instrument) questionnaire.The HRQoL,cost,and survival data were combined and the incremental cost/quality-adjusted life years(QALYs) was calculated.RESULTS:In surviving ALF patients,the health-related quality of life after treatmeant was generally high and comparable to the age-and gender-matched general Finnish population.Compared to the controls,the average cost per QALY was considerably lower in the MARS group(64 732€ vs 133 858€) within a timeframe of 3.5 years.The incremental cost of standard medical treatment alone compared to MARS was 10 928€,and the incremental number of QALYs gained by MARS was 0.66.CONCLUSION:MARS treatment combined with standard medical treatment for ALF in an ICU setting is more cost-effective than standard medical treatment alone.
文摘Objective: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that induces osteoclast apoptosis and inhibits bone resorption. Adding ZOL to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to have potential anticancer benefits in women with HER2-negative breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate ZOL’s cost-effectiveness from the perspective of health care payers in Japan. Methods: A Markov model was developed to evaluate the costs and effectiveness associated with ZOL + chemotherapy (CTZ) and chemotherapy (CT) alone over a 10-year time horizon. Monthly transition probabilities were estimated according to JONIE1 (Japan Organization of Neoadjuvant Innovative Expert) Study data and an extrapolated Weibull model. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were calculated using year-2018 Japanese yen (JPY) (1.00 US dollars (USD) = 110.4 JPY). Model robustness was addressed through one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The costs and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 2% per year. Results: In the base case, the use of CTZ was associated with a gain of 3.94 QALYs. The incremental cost per QALY of the CTZ gain was 681,056.1 JPY (6168.99 USD) per QALY. Conclusion: It is convincing that neoadjuvant CTZ for patients with breast cancer would be expected to have statistically significant clinical efficacy. Addition of ZOL to CT might be a cost-effective option compared with CT alone.
文摘This paper investigates the cost control problem of congestion management model in the real-time power systems. An improved optimal congestion cost model is built by introducing the congestion factor in dealing with the cases: opening the generator side and load side simultaneously. The problem of real-time congestion management is transformed to a nonlinear programming problem. While the transmission congestion is maximum, the adjustment cost is minimum based on the ant colony algorithm, and the global optimal solu-tion is obtained. Simulation results show that the improved optimal model can obviously reduce the adjust-ment cost and the designed algorithm is safe and easy to implement.
文摘Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.
