Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The re...Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR.展开更多
The goal of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in attentional allocation for shared task representations during joint performance;event-related potentials were recorded while participants perform...The goal of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in attentional allocation for shared task representations during joint performance;event-related potentials were recorded while participants performed a modified visual three-stimulus oddball task, both alone and together with another participant. Younger adults and older adults (14 each) participated in the study. Participants were required to identify rare target stimuli while ignoring frequent standards, as well as rare non-targets assigned to a partner’s action (<i>i.e</i>., no-go stimuli for one’s own task). ERP component, nogo-P3 and P3b were measured to investigate the inhibition and the attentional allocation to the partner’s stimuli. Results showed that younger adults elicited larger frontal nogo P3 and parietal P3b for non-targets in the joint than in the individual condition. Contrary to expectation, older adults induced frontal no-go P3 in the joint condition not in the individual condition. In the sharing of the task with another, the result suggested that the efficiency of matching of incoming information with the representation of the other’s task declined with age, whereas aging did not affect the suppression of incorrect preparation of motor responses instigated by this representation.</i.i.e.<>展开更多
The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suit...The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suitable for examining the neural processes involved in malingered neurocognitive deficits. Forty-four undergraduates were randomly assigned to a simulated malingering group and a truth-telling group, Another 22 patients with head injudes were enrolled as a control group. All participants completed the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm. The mean P300 amplitude of the simulated malingering group was significantly reduced compared with the truth-telling group （P 〈 0.01）, but was increased compared with the control group （P〈 0.01）. These results revealed that the P300, evoked by the old-new memory recognition task of the oddball paradigm, may be a helpful indicator for determining cognitive malingering.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task....Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Methods:A total of 19 badminton athletes and 20 nonathletes performed both the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Reaction times(RTs)and event-related potentials were recorded and analyzed.Results:Behavioral results indicated that badminton athletes responded faster than nonathletes to go stimuli and to change signals,with faster change RTs and change-signal RTs,which take into consideration the variable stimulus onset time mean.During successful change trials in the change-signal task,the amplitudes of the event-related potential components N2 and P3 were smaller for badminton athletes than for nonathletes.Moreover,change-signal RTs and N2 amplitudes as well as change RTs and P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated in badminton athletes.A significant correlation was also found between the amplitude of the event-related potential component N1 and response accuracy to change signals in badminton athletes.Conclusion:Moderation of brain cortical activity in badminton athletes was more associated with their ability to rapidly inhibit a planned movement and re-engage with a new movement compared with nonathletes.The superior inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms in badminton athletes compared with nonathletes might be a result of badminton athletes’ professional training experience.展开更多
This study investigated behavioral inhibition in female college students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits using a Go/NoGo task and event-related potentials (ERPs). The schizotypal-trait (n = 15) and no...This study investigated behavioral inhibition in female college students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits using a Go/NoGo task and event-related potentials (ERPs). The schizotypal-trait (n = 15) and normal control (n = 15) groups were selected based on scores of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The Go/NoGo task consisted of Go (requires response) and NoGo (requires no response) conditions. In terms of response time and accuracy rate for the Go/NoGo task, the two groups did not differ significantly. In terms of ERPs, the control group showed greater N2 amplitudes in response to NoGo (NoGo-N2) than to Go stimuli (Go-N2), whereas the schizotypal-trait group showed no significant difference in NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes. In addition, the schizotypal-trait group showed reduced NoGo-N2 amplitudes at the frontal site compared to controls, and an association between SPQ scores and NoGo-N2 amplitudes measured at the frontal site. The two groups did not differ in P3 amplitudes. Since the N2 reflects the detection of response conflict and behavioral inhibition, the present results indicate that nonclinical individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in detecting response conflict and behavioral inhibition.展开更多
The brain as a system with gradually decreasing resources maximizes its chances by reorganizing neural networks to ensure efficient performance. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded in 28 healthy volunteers...The brain as a system with gradually decreasing resources maximizes its chances by reorganizing neural networks to ensure efficient performance. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded in 28 healthy volunteers comprising 14 young and 14 elderly subjects in auditory discrimination motor task （low frequency tone - right hand movement and high frequency tone - left hand movement）. The amplitudes of the sensory event-related potential components （N1, P2） were more pronounced with increasing age for either tone and this effect for P2 amplitude was more pronounced in the frontal region. The latency relationship of N1 between the groups was tone-dependent, while that of P2 was tone-independent with a prominent delay in the elderly group over all brain regions. The amplitudes of the cognitive components （N2, P3） diminished with increasing age and the hemispheric asymmetry of N2 （but not for P3） reduced with increasing age. Prolonged N2 latency with increasing age was widespread for either tone while between-group difference in P3 latency was tone-dependent. High frequency tone stimulation and movement requirements lead to P3 delay in the elderly group. The amplitude difference of the sensory components between the age groups could be due to a general greater alertness, less expressed habituation, or decline in the ability to retreat attentional resources from the stimuli in the elderly group. With aging, a neural circuit reorganization of the brain activity affects the cognitive processes. The approach used in this study is useful for an early discrimination between normal and pathological brain aging for early treatment of cognitive alterations and dementia.展开更多
为探究不同模态转换下任务切换对监控人员警觉度衰减现象的影响,采用脑电实验法,设计了危险动作识别、危险场景识别等任务,并结合行为数据及事件相关电位(Event Related Potential,ERP)技术进行综合分析;实验重点考察在任务切换过程中,...为探究不同模态转换下任务切换对监控人员警觉度衰减现象的影响,采用脑电实验法,设计了危险动作识别、危险场景识别等任务,并结合行为数据及事件相关电位(Event Related Potential,ERP)技术进行综合分析;实验重点考察在任务切换过程中,不同模态的任务之间进行切换对监控人员警觉度的具体影响;通过对煤矿监控调度人员的实证研究,揭示了切换任务的模态差异性对监控员警觉度的影响及其内在机制。结果表明:当在相同刺激任务间进行切换时带来的工作绩效下降,主要原因在于任务切换产生的切换成本导致注意力分散,具体体现在任务切换后P300和P200平均波幅的升高;但是在不同刺激任务间进行切换时,尤其是切换到听觉刺激任务时,被试者的警觉度水平反而得到了一定程度的提升。展开更多
基金sponsored by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 11BTQ009)
文摘Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationships between different facets of work task and selection and query-related behavior.Design/methodology/approach:An experiment was conducted to explore the issue. The researcher recruited 24 participants and assigned six simulated work task situations to each of them. Each experiment lasted around 2 hours and was recorded by the software tool Morae.Findings: Time(frequency) and time(length) are more closely related to user’s selection and query-related behavior compared to the facet ‘process’ of work task. Knowledge level of work task topic, degree of work task difficulty, and subjective work task complexity are significantly correlated with selection and query-related behavior. Work task difficulty and work task complexity are different concepts. Subjective work task complexity, work task difficulty, and knowledge of work task topic are significantly correlated with user’s selection and query-related behavior.Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study include a small sample size,limited work task situations, and possible spurious relationships. This study has implications in informing task-based information seeking/search/retrieval research and interactive information retrieval(IIR) systems design.Originality/values: Previous studies usually did not touch upon how different facets of work tasks affected interactive activities. Some studies examining task complexity and information behavior were concerned with how work tasks affect users’ behavior at information-seeking level, rather than at information search level. This study makes contribution to interactive information retrieval,task-based information search and retrieval, and personalization of IR.
文摘The goal of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in attentional allocation for shared task representations during joint performance;event-related potentials were recorded while participants performed a modified visual three-stimulus oddball task, both alone and together with another participant. Younger adults and older adults (14 each) participated in the study. Participants were required to identify rare target stimuli while ignoring frequent standards, as well as rare non-targets assigned to a partner’s action (<i>i.e</i>., no-go stimuli for one’s own task). ERP component, nogo-P3 and P3b were measured to investigate the inhibition and the attentional allocation to the partner’s stimuli. Results showed that younger adults elicited larger frontal nogo P3 and parietal P3b for non-targets in the joint than in the individual condition. Contrary to expectation, older adults induced frontal no-go P3 in the joint condition not in the individual condition. In the sharing of the task with another, the result suggested that the efficiency of matching of incoming information with the representation of the other’s task declined with age, whereas aging did not affect the suppression of incorrect preparation of motor responses instigated by this representation.</i.i.e.<>
文摘The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suitable for examining the neural processes involved in malingered neurocognitive deficits. Forty-four undergraduates were randomly assigned to a simulated malingering group and a truth-telling group, Another 22 patients with head injudes were enrolled as a control group. All participants completed the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm. The mean P300 amplitude of the simulated malingering group was significantly reduced compared with the truth-telling group （P 〈 0.01）, but was increased compared with the control group （P〈 0.01）. These results revealed that the P300, evoked by the old-new memory recognition task of the oddball paradigm, may be a helpful indicator for determining cognitive malingering.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (31571151,31700985)the Scientific and Technological Commission of Shanghai(17080503100)
文摘Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Methods:A total of 19 badminton athletes and 20 nonathletes performed both the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Reaction times(RTs)and event-related potentials were recorded and analyzed.Results:Behavioral results indicated that badminton athletes responded faster than nonathletes to go stimuli and to change signals,with faster change RTs and change-signal RTs,which take into consideration the variable stimulus onset time mean.During successful change trials in the change-signal task,the amplitudes of the event-related potential components N2 and P3 were smaller for badminton athletes than for nonathletes.Moreover,change-signal RTs and N2 amplitudes as well as change RTs and P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated in badminton athletes.A significant correlation was also found between the amplitude of the event-related potential component N1 and response accuracy to change signals in badminton athletes.Conclusion:Moderation of brain cortical activity in badminton athletes was more associated with their ability to rapidly inhibit a planned movement and re-engage with a new movement compared with nonathletes.The superior inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms in badminton athletes compared with nonathletes might be a result of badminton athletes’ professional training experience.
文摘This study investigated behavioral inhibition in female college students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits using a Go/NoGo task and event-related potentials (ERPs). The schizotypal-trait (n = 15) and normal control (n = 15) groups were selected based on scores of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The Go/NoGo task consisted of Go (requires response) and NoGo (requires no response) conditions. In terms of response time and accuracy rate for the Go/NoGo task, the two groups did not differ significantly. In terms of ERPs, the control group showed greater N2 amplitudes in response to NoGo (NoGo-N2) than to Go stimuli (Go-N2), whereas the schizotypal-trait group showed no significant difference in NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes. In addition, the schizotypal-trait group showed reduced NoGo-N2 amplitudes at the frontal site compared to controls, and an association between SPQ scores and NoGo-N2 amplitudes measured at the frontal site. The two groups did not differ in P3 amplitudes. Since the N2 reflects the detection of response conflict and behavioral inhibition, the present results indicate that nonclinical individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in detecting response conflict and behavioral inhibition.
基金supported by a grant from Institute of Neurobiology, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 2010
文摘The brain as a system with gradually decreasing resources maximizes its chances by reorganizing neural networks to ensure efficient performance. Auditory event-related potentials were recorded in 28 healthy volunteers comprising 14 young and 14 elderly subjects in auditory discrimination motor task （low frequency tone - right hand movement and high frequency tone - left hand movement）. The amplitudes of the sensory event-related potential components （N1, P2） were more pronounced with increasing age for either tone and this effect for P2 amplitude was more pronounced in the frontal region. The latency relationship of N1 between the groups was tone-dependent, while that of P2 was tone-independent with a prominent delay in the elderly group over all brain regions. The amplitudes of the cognitive components （N2, P3） diminished with increasing age and the hemispheric asymmetry of N2 （but not for P3） reduced with increasing age. Prolonged N2 latency with increasing age was widespread for either tone while between-group difference in P3 latency was tone-dependent. High frequency tone stimulation and movement requirements lead to P3 delay in the elderly group. The amplitude difference of the sensory components between the age groups could be due to a general greater alertness, less expressed habituation, or decline in the ability to retreat attentional resources from the stimuli in the elderly group. With aging, a neural circuit reorganization of the brain activity affects the cognitive processes. The approach used in this study is useful for an early discrimination between normal and pathological brain aging for early treatment of cognitive alterations and dementia.
文摘为探究不同模态转换下任务切换对监控人员警觉度衰减现象的影响,采用脑电实验法,设计了危险动作识别、危险场景识别等任务,并结合行为数据及事件相关电位(Event Related Potential,ERP)技术进行综合分析;实验重点考察在任务切换过程中,不同模态的任务之间进行切换对监控人员警觉度的具体影响;通过对煤矿监控调度人员的实证研究,揭示了切换任务的模态差异性对监控员警觉度的影响及其内在机制。结果表明:当在相同刺激任务间进行切换时带来的工作绩效下降,主要原因在于任务切换产生的切换成本导致注意力分散,具体体现在任务切换后P300和P200平均波幅的升高;但是在不同刺激任务间进行切换时,尤其是切换到听觉刺激任务时,被试者的警觉度水平反而得到了一定程度的提升。
