Effect of different anesthetic modalities with multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain level in colorectal tumor patients

BACKGROUND According to clinical data,a significant percentage of patients experience pain after surgery,highlighting the importance of alleviating postoperative pain.The current approach involves intravenous self-control analgesia,often utilizing opioid analgesics such as morphine,sufentanil,and fentanyl.Surgery for colo-rectal cancer typically involves general anesthesia.Therefore,optimizing anes-thetic management and postoperative analgesic programs can effectively reduce perioperative stress and enhance postoperative recovery.The study aims to analyze the impact of different anesthesia modalities with multimodal analgesia on patients'postoperative pain.AIM To explore the effects of different anesthesia methods coupled with multi-mode analgesia on postoperative pain in patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS Following the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,a total of 126 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were included,of which 63 received general anesthesia coupled with multi-mode labor pain and were set as the control group,and 63 received general anesthesia associated with epidural anesthesia coupled with multi-mode labor pain and were set as the research group.After data collection,the effects of postoperative analgesia,sedation,and recovery were compared.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the research group had shorter recovery times for orientation,extubation,eye-opening,and spontaneous respiration(P<0.05).The research group also showed lower Visual analog scale scores at 24 h and 48 h,higher Ramany scores at 6 h and 12 h,and improved cognitive function at 24 h,48 h,and 72 h(P<0.05).Additionally,interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels were significantly reduced at various time points in the research group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+were also lower in the research group at multiple time points(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with colorectal cancer,general anesthesia coupled with epidural anesthesia and multi-mode analgesia can achieve better postoperative analgesia and sedation effects,promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients,improve inflammatory stress and immune status,and have higher safety.

Safety and effectiveness of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia:A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in countries with low availability of morphine.

Ultrasound-guided sphenopalatine ganglion block for effective analgesia during awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A case report

BACKGROUND Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation(AFNI)is the preferred airway ma-nagement strategy for patients with difficult airways.However,this procedure can cause significant physical and psychological distress.This case report explores the application of a sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)block as an alternative anal-gesic modality to mitigate the discomfort associated with AFNI.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female with a history of right maxillary osteosarcoma underwent craniotomy for a suspected malignant brain lesion.The patient’s medical history included prior surgery,chemotherapy,and radiation therapy,resulting in signi-ficant jaw impairment and limited neck mobility.Considering the anticipated air-way challenges,AFNI was planned.A SPG block was performed under real-time ultrasound guidance,providing effective analgesia during nasotracheal intuba-tion.CONCLUSION The SPG block represents a promising analgesic approach in AFNI,offering po-tential benefits in alleviating pain involving the nasal and nasopharyngeal regions as well as improving patient cooperation.

Midpoint transverse process to pleura block for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic renal cyst decortication:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The midpoint transverse process to pleura(MTP)block,a novel technique for thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB),was first employed in laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.CASE SUMMARY Thoracic paravertebral nerve block is frequently employed for perioperative analgesia during laparoscopic cyst decortication.To address safety concerns associated with TPVBs,we administered MTP blocks in two patients prior to administering general anesthesia for laparoscopic cyst decortication.The MTP block was performed at the T9 level under ultrasound guidance,with 20 mL of 0.5%ropivacaine injected.Reduced sensation to cold and pinprick was observed from the T8 to T11 dermatome levels.Immediately postoperative Numeric Pain Rating Scale scores were 0/10 at rest and on movement,with none exceeding a mean 24 h numeric rating scale>3.CONCLUSION MTP block was effective technique for providing postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.

Efficacy of patient-controlled hydromorphone analgesia in those undergoing uterine fibroid artery embolization via the right radial artery

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) with hydromorphone as perioperative analgesia during uterine artery embolization(UAE) via the right radial artery.Patients and methods: A total of 33 patients with uterine fibroids, who underwent UAE at the authors’ hospital between June 2021 and March 2022, were selected. Hydromorphone(10 mg) was dispensed into a 100 ml PCA pump with normal saline. Pump administration was initiated 15 min before the start of the procedure, and the intraoperative dose was adjusted according to patient pain level. A numerical rating scale was used to evaluate pain immediately after embolization, 5 min after embolization, at the end of the procedure, and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the procedure. Side effects were also observed.Results: Thirty-three patients underwent uterine artery embolization via the right radial artery. Patient pain was well controlled at all time points surveyed, and patients reported satisfaction with analgesia. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. There were 7 cases of adverse reactions, but no serious side effects were observed.Conclusion: Patients reported positive experiences with arterial embolization of uterine fibroids via the right radial artery. Hydromorphone PCA effectively controlled pain. The PCA pump is easy to operate, has a low incidence of adverse reactions, and offers economic benefits at the patient and institutional levels.

Paravertebral block for analgesia following excision of osteochondroma of the scapula:A case report

Scapular surgery has mainly been studied in the setting of fractures;regional anesthesia can be utilized as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen for postoperative pain relief.Previous studies are limited to scapular fracture pain.The available literature supports the use of various types of nerve blocks and even combinations of different blocks,of which the paravertebral nerve block is one such block that has been effective.We present a case of a patient undergoing excision of a scapular osteochondroma who received a single-shot paravertebral nerve block after surgery with an effective analgesia.

Parietal Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia

The parietal component of pain occupies an important place in the management of postoperative analgesia. Parietal infiltration is a technique that fits into a concept of multimodal analgesia using several analgesic products simultaneously. This simple and reliable technique makes it possible to reduce the use of opioids and therefore their adverse effects;without increasing the risk of infection. It reduces the length of hospitalization.

Postoperative Analgesia for Abdominal Laparoscopic Surgery: Tap Block vs Peri-Orificial Infiltrations

Introduction/Purpose: The “transverse abdominal plane block” or TAP block was described by Rafi in 2001. It describes an approach to the neurofascial plane of the transverse abdominal muscle via the Jean-Louis Petit triangle and provides analgesia of the entire homolateral hemi abdomen. The aim of our study was to compare post-operative analgesia and post-operative morphine requirements between transverse abdominal plane block (TAP) and peri-orificial infiltration during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Material and method: Prospective, randomized study conducted over a 2-year period. The study was conducted in the operating theatre of the Saint Louis Regional Hospital in Senegal. All adult patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery were included. Clinical aspects, pain scales and morphine consumption were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled: 30 patients in the TAP group and 30 patients in the infiltration group. The average age was 32.9 years. The indications for laparoscopy were acute appendicitis in 50% of cases, gallbladder stones in 16% and inguinal hernia in 8%. For the TAP group, the mean numerical pain scale was 3.9 at 6 hours post-operatively and 2.1 at 24 hours post-operatively. For the infiltration group, the mean numerical pain scale was 4.3 at 6 hours post-op and 3 at 24 hours post-op. Morphine consumption at 6 hours post-op was on average 0.4 mg/patient for the TAP group and 0.9 mg/patient for the infiltration group. Discussion/conclusion: Analgesia provided by ultrasound-guided TAP block for laparoscopic abdominal surgery appears to be identical to periorificial infiltration. However, the simplicity and reproducibility of ultrasound-guided TAP block gives it a definite advantage.

Erector Spinae Plane Block Combined with Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery After Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Clinical Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesia and recovery of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block combined with serratus anterior plane block(ESPB combined with SAPB)versus thoracic paravertebral block(PVB)after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods Ninety-two patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)were randomly divided into group S(n=46)and group P(n=46).After anesthesia induction,the same anesthesiologist performed ultrasound-guided ESPB at T5 and T7 levels combined with SAPB at the level of the fifth rib in the midaxillary line in group S and ultrasound-guided PVB at T5 and T7 levels in group P.Patients in both groups were given 40 mL of 0.4%ropivacaine.Eighty-six patients completed the study(group S,n=44;group P,n=42).The morphine consumption,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and coughing,and frequency of remedial analgesia were recorded at 1,2,4,8,and 24 h postoperatively.Pulmonary function parameters were recorded at 1,4,and 24 h postoperatively,and the quality of recovery(QoR)-15 score at 24 h postoperatively.The adverse effects,duration of chest tube drainage and length of stay were also recorded.Results The morphine consumption at postoperative 4 and 8 h and the incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain(ISP)were significantly lower in group S than in group P.The QoR-15 questionnaire score at postoperative 24 h was significantly lower in group P than in group S(P<0.05).The morphine consumption was lower at 24 h postoperatively in group S than in group P,with no significant difference found yet.The morphine consumption at other observed times,VAS scores,pulmonary function parameters,frequency of remedial analgesia,duration of chest tube drainage,length of stay,and incidence of other adverse events were comparable between group S and group P.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ESPB combined with SAPB is non-inferior to PVB in terms of morphine consumption at postoperative 24 h and postoperative recovery.But,this approach can significantly reduce morphine consumption in the early postoperative period(0–8 h)after thoracoscopy with lower incidence of ISP.It is a simpler and safer operation.

Artificial intelligence technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block for analgesia in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Knee diseases are more common in middle-aged and elderly people,so artificial knee replacement is also more used in middle-aged and elderly people.Although the patient’s pain can be reduced through surgery,often accompanied by moderate pain after surgery and neutralization,which not only increases the psychological burden of the patient,but also greatly reduces the postoperative recovery effect,and may also lead to the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in severe cases.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect of artificial intelligence(AI)and ultrasoundguided nerve block in total knee arthroplasty(TKA).METHODS A total of 92 patients with TKA admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were opted and divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen.The control group received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The research group received AI technique combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block anesthesia.The sensory block time,motor block time,visual analogue scale(VAS)at different time points and complications were contrasted between the two groups.RESULTS The time of sensory block onset and sensory block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of sensory block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group(P<0.05).The time of motor block onset and motor block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of motor block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group.The VAS scales of the research group were significantly lower than that of the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The postoperative hip flexion and abduction range of motion in the research group were significantly better than those in the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the research group than in the control group(P=0.049).CONCLUSION In TKA,the combination of AI technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block has a significantly effect,with fewer postoperative complications and significantly analgesic effect,which is worthy of application.

Effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia and motor blocks in women during natural delivery

BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has been widely used in anesthesia for various diseases.AIM To study the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia,and motor blocks in parturients during natural delivery.METHODS A total of 120 women who gave birth at Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2021 to December 2022 were included;a random number table approach was employed to divide the women into a control group and a joint group,with each group consisting of 60 women.The control group was given epidural anesthesia,while the joint group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the degree of maternal pain.Comparisons were made between the two groups’conditions of childbirth and the duration of labor.Apgar scores were used to evaluate the status of the newborns at birth;Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scores,umbilical artery blood gas analysis indices and stress indices were compared between the two groups;and the frequencies of motor block and postpartum complications were analyzed.RESULTS In comparison to the control group,in the joint group,the VAS scores for the first,second,and third stages of labor were lower(P<0.05).The rates of conversion to cesarean section and postpartum blood loss in the joint group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the Apgar score,the duration of the first stage of labor,or the total duration of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The second and third stages of labor in the joint group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).When compared to the control group,the postpartum SAS score of the joint group was lower,while the GSES score was greater(P<0.05).Between the control group and the joint group,the differences observed in pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,arterial oxygen partial pressure,or arterial hydrogen ion concentration were not significant(P>0.05).Nitric oxide,cortisol,and adrenaline levels were lower in the joint group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no substantial differences in Bromage grade or rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For parturients during natural delivery,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce anxiety,provide labor analgesia,shorten labor time,and reduce postoperative stress levels but did not result in a motor block.

小剂量艾司氯胺酮和舒芬太尼在髋关节置换术围术期镇痛中的效果比较

目的对比小剂量艾司氯胺酮和舒芬太尼在髋关节置换术(HA)患者围术期镇痛中的应用效果。方法将我院行HA的124例患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组患者使用舒芬太尼进行镇痛;观察组患者使用小剂量艾司氯胺酮镇痛。观察2组患者麻醉前(T1)、手术切皮时(T2)、麻醉30 min后(T3)及手术结束时(T4)的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)等血流动力学变化;于术前(T5)、术后6 h(T6)、术后12 h(T7)及术后24 h(T8)记录患者静息状态及活动状态下疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分;统计2组患者术后镇痛泵按压次数,需补充镇痛药物情况,术中及术后24 h不良反应发生情况。结果2组患者T1时HR、MAP及RR水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者T2、T3、T4时HR、MAP及RR水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者各时间段SpO2水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者T5时静息状态及活动状态VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者T6、T7、T8时静息状态及活动状态VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后镇痛泵按压次数及需补充镇痛药物患者比例均少/低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组术中及术后不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与舒芬太尼相比,小剂量艾司氯胺酮应用于HA患者的镇痛效果更好,患者围术期疼痛程度更轻,术中血流动力学更稳定,安全性较好。

对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者术后早期疼痛管理中的有效性及安全性。方法选择择期在全麻下行LC患者90例,男42例,女48例,年龄18~78岁,BMI 18~28 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组:对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(AK组)和纳布啡组(NA组),每组45例。麻醉诱导前15 min,AK组静脉泵注对乙酰氨基酚500 mg(稀释至50 ml)后缓慢推注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg(稀释至10 ml);NA组于相同时点静脉泵注生理盐水50 ml后缓慢推注纳布啡0.2 mg/kg(稀释至10 ml)。记录术后0.5、3、6、12、24 h的VAS疼痛评分(非劣效性界值Δ=1.0分),手术当晚睡眠质量评分,术后24 h内补救镇痛例数,术后0.5、3、6 h的Ramsay镇静评分,术后24 h内恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况,以及患者总体满意度。结果与NA组比较,术后0.5 h AK组VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),且两组VAS疼痛评分差值的95%CI上限低于非劣效性界值(P<0.05)。AK组手术当晚睡眠质量评分、患者总体满意度明显高于NA组(P<0.05)。两组术后24 h内补救镇痛率、不同时点Ramsay镇静评分、术后24 h内恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。结论对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇可有效改善腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期疼痛,不增加恶心呕吐发生率,效果不劣于纳布啡,且患者术后当晚睡眠质量评分和总体满意度更高。

乳痛软坚片抗炎镇痛及调节免疫药效作用的实验研究

目的:探讨乳痛软坚片抗炎、镇痛及调节免疫的药效作用。方法:通过小鼠扭体实验、小鼠热板法实验,采用醋酸扭体及热板致痛模型,以扭体次数、痛域值为检测指标,观察乳痛软坚片的镇痛作用;通过大鼠肉芽肿实验、大鼠足肿胀实验,采用棉球植入诱导大鼠肉芽肿增生、角叉菜胶致炎模型,以肉芽重量、足跖肿胀度为检测指标,观察乳痛软坚片抗炎作用;通过小鼠血清溶血素实验、小鼠碳粒廓清实验,采用腹腔注射5%氯化钠溶液鸡红细胞混悬液、小鼠尾静脉注射20%印度墨汁(0.1 mL/10 g)制造小鼠免疫抑制模型,以血清溶血素、廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α)为检测指标,观察乳痛软坚片的调节免疫作用。结果:扭体实验中,乳痛软坚片高剂量组小鼠扭体潜伏期长于模型组,扭体次数少于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05);乳痛软坚片中剂量组小鼠扭体次数少于模型组(P<0.05)。热板法实验中,乳痛软坚片组高、中剂量组小鼠给药后1、2、3 h痛域值高于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。大鼠肉芽肿实验中,乳痛软坚片组高、中、低剂量组大鼠肉芽质量均低于模型组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。大鼠足肿胀实验中,乳痛软坚片高剂量组大鼠在致炎后1、3、4 h足跖肿胀度低于模型组(P<0.05),乳痛软坚片中剂量组大鼠在致炎后3、4 h足跖肿胀度低于模型组(P<0.05)。小鼠血清溶血素实验中,乳痛软坚片高剂量组小鼠溶血素高于模型组(P<0.01)。小鼠碳粒廓清实验中,乳痛软坚片高、中、低剂量组小鼠廓清指数、吞噬指数均高于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:乳痛软坚片具有良好的抗炎、镇痛及调节免疫的药理作用。

纳布啡不同镇痛泵参数用于剖宫产术后镇痛的比较

目的比较三种不同参数纳布啡患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择剖宫产术后的产妇179例,年龄18~45岁,BMI 20~35 kg/m 2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,术后均给予PCIA(纳布啡2 mg/kg+托烷司琼8 mg/100 ml,间隔时间15 min,极限量10 ml/h)。将产妇随机分成三组:对照组(C组,背景量2 ml/h,单次按压2 ml,n=60)、低背景量组(L组,背景量1 ml/h,单次按压3 ml,n=62)和无背景量组(N组,背景量0 ml/h,单次按压4 ml,n=57)。记录术后2、6、12、24、48 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分、纳布啡消耗量。记录术后48 h内PCIA按压情况、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、头晕、感染等不良反应的发生情况。结果与C组比较,N组术后6、12 h静息时VAS疼痛评分明显升高(P<0.05),L组和N组术后24、48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短,头晕发生率明显降低(P<0.05),N组术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。与L组比较,N组术后12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显升高,术后48 h纳布啡消耗量明显减少,总按压次数和有效按压次数明显增加,术后首次肛门排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。三组Ramsay镇静评分和术后恶心呕吐、感染发生率差异无统计学意义。结论低背景量(1 ml/h)纳布啡PCIA可在充分镇痛的同时,减少阿片类药物用量,降低相关不良反应发生率,缩短术后首次肛门排气时间,可作为纳布啡PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛参数设置的优先选择。

分娩镇痛:舒适与安全并行,教学与质控并举

分娩镇痛是以遵循产妇自愿和临床安全为原则,通过实施有效的分娩镇痛技术,以最大程度减轻产妇产痛的医疗服务。2018年,北京协和医院成为我国分娩镇痛首批试点单位,近年来在分娩镇痛高质量发展的各项工作中取得了满意成果。本文主要介绍北京协和医院分娩镇痛相关经验,具体包括:(1)合理调配人员安排,多学科联动制定标准化诊疗流程,为安全分娩提供舒适度保障;(2)完善危重孕产妇、新生儿救治方案,为安全分娩保驾护航;(3)传递先进的教学理念,将分娩镇痛培训与救治演练落到实处;(4)开展教育与科普讲座,帮助产妇树立科学分娩镇痛观。希望该经验分享可为我国各级诊疗机构提供参考和借鉴。

艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于剖宫产术后的镇痛效果及其对产后抑郁的影响

目的探讨艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于择期剖宫产术后镇痛效果,及其对产后抑郁(PPD)发生率的影响,评价联合用药的有效性和安全性。方法选择我院择期行剖宫产术的产妇60例,随机分为艾司氯胺酮+纳布啡组(EN组)和纳布啡组(N组),每组30例。所有产妇均采用腰-硬联合麻醉,术后均给予自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。EN组镇痛方案:艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg+纳布啡1.5 mg/kg,用生理盐水稀释至150 ml;N组镇痛方案:纳布啡2.0 mg/kg用生理盐水稀释至150 ml。记录两组患者术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h的静息、运动视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,记录PCIA总用量;记录产前1 d以及术后第3天、第5天、第14天、第28天爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)得分和产后抑郁发生率;记录其他情况和不良反应。结果EN组术后8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h的静息和运动VAS评分低于N组(P<0.05),PCIA总用量少于N组(P<0.05);EN组术后第3天、第5天、第14天EPDS得分以及产后抑郁发生率低于N组(P<0.05);EN组术后首次下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间和首次哺乳时间较N组缩短,48 h哺乳总次数增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组满意度和不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于剖宫产术后镇痛,可明显减轻产妇静息和运动时疼痛,降低术后14 d内产后抑郁的发生率,利于产妇早期康复和母乳喂养,且无明显不良反应。

前交叉韧带重建术后三种不同药物镇痛早期疗效的对比

目的:比较去痛片(复方氨基比林、非那西丁片,商品名去痛片)、盐酸曲马多缓释片(商品名:奇曼丁)及盐酸哌替啶(商品名:杜冷丁)在膝关节前交叉韧带自体肌腱单束重建术后早期的止疼效果及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2018年11月至2019年2月,北京大学第三医院连续收治的45例由同一组医师施行膝关节镜下前交叉韧带自体肌腱单束重建术患者,术后疼痛情况和使用药物镇痛情况的临床资料。采用随机区组设计,根据前交叉韧带断裂是否合并半月板损伤将患者分为两组,A组为单纯膝关节前交叉韧带重建的患者24例,B组为前交叉韧带断裂合并半月板损伤的患者21例。两组又根据患者实际使用的术后镇痛药物各分为3组,其中,A组口服去痛片4例、口服奇曼丁11例、肌肉注射(简称肌注)杜冷丁联合盐酸异丙嗪(商品名:非那根)9例;B组口服去痛片3例、口服奇曼丁10例、肌注杜冷丁联合非那根8例。术后早期,患者诉疼痛并主动要求镇痛时随机给予去痛片、奇曼丁或杜冷丁联合非那根这三种不同的止痛药物缓解疼痛,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评估疼痛缓解情况,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果:患者在性别、年龄、体重指数、住院时间等基本情况上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应用三种止痛药物缓解疼痛的两组患者,在用药前及用药1 h后通过VAS评分判断结果表明,患者疼痛情况明显缓解,用药前后疼痛差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对两组患者应用的三种药物进行两两比较显示,杜冷丁联合非那根组对于疼痛缓解的程度显著高于其余两种药物(P<0.05),用药1 h后,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应用杜冷丁患者易出现恶心、呕吐等副反应,但应用杜冷丁的同时使用非那根可减少副反应。在不良反应方面,仅单纯前交叉韧带重建组中应用奇曼丁组的患者出现恶心1例,其余各组患者均未出现严重的并发症及过敏反应。结论:无论是单纯交叉韧带重建,还是合并半月板成型或缝合的交叉韧带重建,患者应用去痛片、奇曼丁、杜冷丁联合非那根这三种药物均能有效缓解疼痛,其中杜冷丁对疼痛的缓解幅度最大。应用杜冷丁的同时,合用非那根可有效减轻患者的呕吐、恶心等不良反应,增加用药安全性。

布比卡因脂质体注射液研究进展

布比卡因是临床上广泛使用的长效局部麻醉药,但是,对于手术后需要数天镇痛的患者,其6~8 h的作用时效尚不能满足临床需求。设计药物剂型可以延长局部麻醉药的作用时效或减小其毒性。将局部麻醉药包封在药物输送系统中可以为手术患者提供长效镇痛。2011年,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准了一种基于DepoFoam TM技术的多泡布比卡因脂质体注射液,该制剂时效可达72 h以上。该文综述了布比卡因脂质体注射液的临床安全性研究和应用于手术后镇痛的研究进展。