BACKGROUND A man experienced multiple episodes of macroscopic hematuria following nocturnal exercise.Urinary stones and tumors were considered the two most likely causes.The patient had two hobbies:Consuming health ca...BACKGROUND A man experienced multiple episodes of macroscopic hematuria following nocturnal exercise.Urinary stones and tumors were considered the two most likely causes.The patient had two hobbies:Consuming health care products in large quantities and engaging in late-night running.CASE SUMMARY Health care products contain a large amount of calcium phosphate,and we hypothesize that this could induce the formation of small phosphate stones.After exercise,the urinary system is abraded,resulting in bleeding.The patient was advised to stop using the health care products.Consequently,the aforementioned symptoms disappeared immediately.However,the patient resumed the above two habits one year later;correspondingly,the macroscopic hematuria reap-peared.CONCLUSION This finding further confirmed the above inference and allowed for a new avenue to determine the cause of the patient’s hematuria.展开更多
BACKGROUND To retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)patients with gross hematuria.CASE SUMMARY The ...BACKGROUND To retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)patients with gross hematuria.CASE SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating ADPKD patients with gross hematuria.Materials and methods:During the period from January 2018 to December 2019,renal transcatheter arterial embolization was carried out on 6 patients with polycystic kidneys and gross hematuria.Renal arteriography was performed first,and then we determined the location of the hemorrhage and performed embolization under digital subtraction angiography monitoring.Improvements in routine blood test results,routine urine test results,urine color and postoperative reactions were observed and analyzed.Results:Renal transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully conducted in 6 patients.The indices of 5 patients and the color of gross hematuria improved after surgery compared with before surgery.No severe complication reactions occurred.CONCLUSION For autosomal dominant polycystic kidney syndrome patients with gross hematuria,transcatheter arterial embolization was safe and effective.展开更多
目的:通过探讨临床表现为单纯蛋白尿、蛋白尿伴血尿的IgAN患者二者间中医证型差异,阐明血尿证候基础,为IgAN临床辨证分型及指导其治疗提供参考依据。方法:采用流行病学现场调查的方法,收集230例IgAN患者的临床及病理资料,根据有无血尿...目的:通过探讨临床表现为单纯蛋白尿、蛋白尿伴血尿的IgAN患者二者间中医证型差异,阐明血尿证候基础,为IgAN临床辨证分型及指导其治疗提供参考依据。方法:采用流行病学现场调查的方法,收集230例IgAN患者的临床及病理资料,根据有无血尿症状分为单纯蛋白尿组(A组107例)和蛋白尿伴血尿组(B组123例)。观察比较两组间临床指标、病理分型、中医证型的差异,再分别与血尿进行相关性分析。结果:(1)一般资料:两组间年龄、性别、体重指数、病程、血压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)生化指标:B组Scr、24 h UTP高于A组(P<0.05),eGFR低于A组(P<0.05);两组UA、BUN、Alb差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)病理资料:B组系膜增殖评分(M)、毛细血管内增生性病变(E)高于A组(P<0.05);两组肾小球节段性硬化或黏连(S)、肾小管萎缩或间质纤维化(T)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)中医证型:本虚证A组以脾肾气虚证多见(36.45%),B组以气阴两虚证多见(42.28%);标实证A组以血瘀证多见(50.94%),B组以湿热证多见(57.39%)。(5)血尿的相关因素分析:将两组患者临床指标、病理资料、中医证型分别与血尿进行logistic回归,肾衰竭、中大量尿蛋白(24 h UTP≥1.0 g)、M1、E1、气阴两虚证、湿热证P<0.05,且OR值>1,与血尿相关。结论:(1)CKD1~4期IgAN患者血尿的证候基础可能为气阴两虚兼湿热,蛋白尿的证候基础可能多为脾肾气虚和血瘀;分布规律尤其在CKD1~2期患者更明显。(2)与单纯蛋白尿的IgAN患者相比,血尿可能是蛋白尿伴血尿患者预后不良的因素之一。在治疗时应充分认识到血尿在病程中的重要性,不能忽略血尿的治疗。展开更多
华法林相关肾病(warfarin related nephropathy,WRN)是一种由华法林和其他抗凝剂过度抗凝引起的急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)[1]。使用华法林且国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)>3.0的患者中,1周内发生AK...华法林相关肾病(warfarin related nephropathy,WRN)是一种由华法林和其他抗凝剂过度抗凝引起的急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)[1]。使用华法林且国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)>3.0的患者中,1周内发生AKI的比例约为20.5%[2]。目前已知的抗凝剂相关肾病(anticoagulant related nephropathy,ARN)的发生机制包括肾小球出血及其所导致的氧化应激、诱导凋亡及肾小球滤过屏障的改变等[3-5]。因ARN患者多数需长期服用抗凝剂,因此存在肾活检绝对禁忌证,仅可通过病史、凝血指标以及肾功能的变化对部分患者进行经验性诊断和治疗。展开更多
Introduction: Urological emergencies play a significant role in the medical and surgical activity of a urology department. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital prevalence of urological emergencies...Introduction: Urological emergencies play a significant role in the medical and surgical activity of a urology department. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital prevalence of urological emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CHUB), identify the different pathologies requiring urgent care, and list the various therapeutic methods. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted to the medical and surgical emergencies department of CHUB over a 5-year period. Patient records admitted and treated for a urological emergency were included. The variables studied were the frequency of urological emergencies, patient age at admission, gender, nature of the emergency, and various therapeutic options. Results: Urological emergencies accounted for 4.3% of all medical and surgical emergencies. The mean age was 57 ± 28 years with a range of 3 to 93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 7.1. The most common conditions were urinary retention (54.67%), hematuria (17.20%), and renal colic (8.13%). Therapeutically, surgical urinary drainage was dominated by cystostomy. Conclusion: Urological emergencies are infrequent at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Their management is often delayed.展开更多
Hematuria due to locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer is a common condition and is often a management problem.Percutaneous embolisation is a mini-invasive option to handle this situation.We report a case of a...Hematuria due to locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer is a common condition and is often a management problem.Percutaneous embolisation is a mini-invasive option to handle this situation.We report a case of a patient with a metastatic bladder cancer and who presented with an abundant hematuria and severe anemia.After failure of endoscopic resections and“flush”of radiotherapy haemostatic and refusal of cystectomy by the patient,he was treated by superselective embolisation of bilateral superior bladder arteries with excellent immediate results.The technique is safe and effective in the short term.The longterm effectiveness requires further investigation.展开更多
Giant prostatic hyperplasia(GPH)is a rare pathology traditionally treated with an open suprapubic prostatectomy.This procedure is risky,and fatal hemorrhagic complications can occur.Often,patients with GPH present wit...Giant prostatic hyperplasia(GPH)is a rare pathology traditionally treated with an open suprapubic prostatectomy.This procedure is risky,and fatal hemorrhagic complications can occur.Often,patients with GPH present with diminished renal function due to obstructive nephropathy,making them unfit for less invasive endovascular therapies using traditional contrast agents.Here we present a case of a patient with intractable hematuria due to GPH,as well as diminished renal function,who was successfully treated using prostatic artery embolization with CO2 digital subtraction arteriography as a contrast agent.展开更多
Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria(PIH) through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate manag...Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria(PIH) through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate management of patients with PIH. Methods we retrospectively studied 155 PIH patients receiving renal biopsy between January, 2003 and December, 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All the clinical data and follow-up result were analyzed. Results All subjects included 38 children and 117 adults, with mean age of 11.38±3.25 years for children and 35.17±8.44 years for adults. Thin basement membrane nephropathy(TBMN) was the most common pathology(55.3% of children and 49.6% of adults), followed by IgA nephropathy(18.4% of children and 32.5% of adults, mainly grade 2-3) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) without IgA deposition(13.2% of children and 12.8% of adults). Besides, Alport syndrome(2.6% of children) and membrane nephropathy(2.6% of children and 0.9% of adults) were demonstrated as other causes of PIH. Elevated mean arteral pressure or protein excretion rate, as well as episodic macrohematuria, indicated higher risk for MsPGN rather than TBMN. On the other hand, severity of microhematuria was irrelevant to pathological types of PIH. Totally, 86 patients were followed up and 37 cases therein stayed on track for long term(mean duration 41.11±28.92 months, range 8-113 months). Most cases had benign clinical course except 3 cases with TBMN, 5 cases with IgA nephropathy, 1 case with MsPGN(without IgA deposition), and 1 case with Alport syndrome, who developed hypertension or proteinuria. All of them were administered timely intervention. Conclusions Close follow-up should be required as the primary management for PIH. Equally important is careful monitoring for early identification of undesirable predictors; while renal biopsy and other timely intervention are warranted if there is hypertension, significant proteinuria or renal impairment.展开更多
Aim： To describe an unusual symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A patient presented to our urology clinic having experienced post-coital gross hematuria for 2 years. He had not experienced lowe...Aim： To describe an unusual symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A patient presented to our urology clinic having experienced post-coital gross hematuria for 2 years. He had not experienced lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS）. A series of examinations were performed to determine the source of bleeding. Results： The prostate was defined as the active bleeding source responsible for the patient＇s post-coital hematuria. Endoscopic fulguration did not alleviate the symptom. The use of dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase, solved the problem. Conclusion： This study reports for the first time that post-coital gross hematuria is one of the clinical presentations of BPH, which can be successfully treated with 5α-reductase inhibitor.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND A man experienced multiple episodes of macroscopic hematuria following nocturnal exercise.Urinary stones and tumors were considered the two most likely causes.The patient had two hobbies:Consuming health care products in large quantities and engaging in late-night running.CASE SUMMARY Health care products contain a large amount of calcium phosphate,and we hypothesize that this could induce the formation of small phosphate stones.After exercise,the urinary system is abraded,resulting in bleeding.The patient was advised to stop using the health care products.Consequently,the aforementioned symptoms disappeared immediately.However,the patient resumed the above two habits one year later;correspondingly,the macroscopic hematuria reap-peared.CONCLUSION This finding further confirmed the above inference and allowed for a new avenue to determine the cause of the patient’s hematuria.
文摘BACKGROUND To retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)patients with gross hematuria.CASE SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating ADPKD patients with gross hematuria.Materials and methods:During the period from January 2018 to December 2019,renal transcatheter arterial embolization was carried out on 6 patients with polycystic kidneys and gross hematuria.Renal arteriography was performed first,and then we determined the location of the hemorrhage and performed embolization under digital subtraction angiography monitoring.Improvements in routine blood test results,routine urine test results,urine color and postoperative reactions were observed and analyzed.Results:Renal transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully conducted in 6 patients.The indices of 5 patients and the color of gross hematuria improved after surgery compared with before surgery.No severe complication reactions occurred.CONCLUSION For autosomal dominant polycystic kidney syndrome patients with gross hematuria,transcatheter arterial embolization was safe and effective.
文摘目的:通过探讨临床表现为单纯蛋白尿、蛋白尿伴血尿的IgAN患者二者间中医证型差异,阐明血尿证候基础,为IgAN临床辨证分型及指导其治疗提供参考依据。方法:采用流行病学现场调查的方法,收集230例IgAN患者的临床及病理资料,根据有无血尿症状分为单纯蛋白尿组(A组107例)和蛋白尿伴血尿组(B组123例)。观察比较两组间临床指标、病理分型、中医证型的差异,再分别与血尿进行相关性分析。结果:(1)一般资料:两组间年龄、性别、体重指数、病程、血压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)生化指标:B组Scr、24 h UTP高于A组(P<0.05),eGFR低于A组(P<0.05);两组UA、BUN、Alb差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)病理资料:B组系膜增殖评分(M)、毛细血管内增生性病变(E)高于A组(P<0.05);两组肾小球节段性硬化或黏连(S)、肾小管萎缩或间质纤维化(T)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)中医证型:本虚证A组以脾肾气虚证多见(36.45%),B组以气阴两虚证多见(42.28%);标实证A组以血瘀证多见(50.94%),B组以湿热证多见(57.39%)。(5)血尿的相关因素分析:将两组患者临床指标、病理资料、中医证型分别与血尿进行logistic回归,肾衰竭、中大量尿蛋白(24 h UTP≥1.0 g)、M1、E1、气阴两虚证、湿热证P<0.05,且OR值>1,与血尿相关。结论:(1)CKD1~4期IgAN患者血尿的证候基础可能为气阴两虚兼湿热,蛋白尿的证候基础可能多为脾肾气虚和血瘀;分布规律尤其在CKD1~2期患者更明显。(2)与单纯蛋白尿的IgAN患者相比,血尿可能是蛋白尿伴血尿患者预后不良的因素之一。在治疗时应充分认识到血尿在病程中的重要性,不能忽略血尿的治疗。
文摘华法林相关肾病(warfarin related nephropathy,WRN)是一种由华法林和其他抗凝剂过度抗凝引起的急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)[1]。使用华法林且国际标准化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)>3.0的患者中,1周内发生AKI的比例约为20.5%[2]。目前已知的抗凝剂相关肾病(anticoagulant related nephropathy,ARN)的发生机制包括肾小球出血及其所导致的氧化应激、诱导凋亡及肾小球滤过屏障的改变等[3-5]。因ARN患者多数需长期服用抗凝剂,因此存在肾活检绝对禁忌证,仅可通过病史、凝血指标以及肾功能的变化对部分患者进行经验性诊断和治疗。
文摘Introduction: Urological emergencies play a significant role in the medical and surgical activity of a urology department. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital prevalence of urological emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CHUB), identify the different pathologies requiring urgent care, and list the various therapeutic methods. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted to the medical and surgical emergencies department of CHUB over a 5-year period. Patient records admitted and treated for a urological emergency were included. The variables studied were the frequency of urological emergencies, patient age at admission, gender, nature of the emergency, and various therapeutic options. Results: Urological emergencies accounted for 4.3% of all medical and surgical emergencies. The mean age was 57 ± 28 years with a range of 3 to 93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 7.1. The most common conditions were urinary retention (54.67%), hematuria (17.20%), and renal colic (8.13%). Therapeutically, surgical urinary drainage was dominated by cystostomy. Conclusion: Urological emergencies are infrequent at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Their management is often delayed.
文摘Hematuria due to locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer is a common condition and is often a management problem.Percutaneous embolisation is a mini-invasive option to handle this situation.We report a case of a patient with a metastatic bladder cancer and who presented with an abundant hematuria and severe anemia.After failure of endoscopic resections and“flush”of radiotherapy haemostatic and refusal of cystectomy by the patient,he was treated by superselective embolisation of bilateral superior bladder arteries with excellent immediate results.The technique is safe and effective in the short term.The longterm effectiveness requires further investigation.
文摘Giant prostatic hyperplasia(GPH)is a rare pathology traditionally treated with an open suprapubic prostatectomy.This procedure is risky,and fatal hemorrhagic complications can occur.Often,patients with GPH present with diminished renal function due to obstructive nephropathy,making them unfit for less invasive endovascular therapies using traditional contrast agents.Here we present a case of a patient with intractable hematuria due to GPH,as well as diminished renal function,who was successfully treated using prostatic artery embolization with CO2 digital subtraction arteriography as a contrast agent.
文摘Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria(PIH) through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate management of patients with PIH. Methods we retrospectively studied 155 PIH patients receiving renal biopsy between January, 2003 and December, 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All the clinical data and follow-up result were analyzed. Results All subjects included 38 children and 117 adults, with mean age of 11.38±3.25 years for children and 35.17±8.44 years for adults. Thin basement membrane nephropathy(TBMN) was the most common pathology(55.3% of children and 49.6% of adults), followed by IgA nephropathy(18.4% of children and 32.5% of adults, mainly grade 2-3) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) without IgA deposition(13.2% of children and 12.8% of adults). Besides, Alport syndrome(2.6% of children) and membrane nephropathy(2.6% of children and 0.9% of adults) were demonstrated as other causes of PIH. Elevated mean arteral pressure or protein excretion rate, as well as episodic macrohematuria, indicated higher risk for MsPGN rather than TBMN. On the other hand, severity of microhematuria was irrelevant to pathological types of PIH. Totally, 86 patients were followed up and 37 cases therein stayed on track for long term(mean duration 41.11±28.92 months, range 8-113 months). Most cases had benign clinical course except 3 cases with TBMN, 5 cases with IgA nephropathy, 1 case with MsPGN(without IgA deposition), and 1 case with Alport syndrome, who developed hypertension or proteinuria. All of them were administered timely intervention. Conclusions Close follow-up should be required as the primary management for PIH. Equally important is careful monitoring for early identification of undesirable predictors; while renal biopsy and other timely intervention are warranted if there is hypertension, significant proteinuria or renal impairment.
文摘Aim： To describe an unusual symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. Methods： A patient presented to our urology clinic having experienced post-coital gross hematuria for 2 years. He had not experienced lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS）. A series of examinations were performed to determine the source of bleeding. Results： The prostate was defined as the active bleeding source responsible for the patient＇s post-coital hematuria. Endoscopic fulguration did not alleviate the symptom. The use of dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase, solved the problem. Conclusion： This study reports for the first time that post-coital gross hematuria is one of the clinical presentations of BPH, which can be successfully treated with 5α-reductase inhibitor.
