Enhanced efficiency in Concentrated Parabolic Solar Collector(CPSC) with a porous absorber tube filled with metal nanoparticle suspension

In this study, effects of different nanoparticles and porosity of absorber tube on the performance of a Concentrating Parabolic Solar Collector(CPSC) were investigated. A section of porous-filled absorber tube was modeled as a semi-circular cavity under the solar radiation which is filled by nanofluids and the governing equations were solved by FlexPDE numerical software. The effect of four physical parameters, nanoparticles type, nanoparticles volume fraction(φ), Darcy number(Da) and Rayleigh number(Ra), on the Nusselt number(Nu) was discussed. It turns out that Cu nanoparticle is the most suitable one for such solar collectors, compared to the commonly used Fe_3O_4, Al_2O_3, TiO_2.With the increased addition of Cu nanoparticles all the parameters φ, Da and Ra shows a significant increase against the Nu, indicates the enhanced heat transfer in such cases. As a result, low concentration of Cu nanoparticle suspension combined with porous matrix was supposed to be beneficial for the performance enhancement of concentrating parabolic solar collector.

Assessment of High Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector in Hot Climate

This work investigates the performance of combined hybrid high concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collector (HCPV/T) in Kuwait harsh climate. The proposed system consists of triple junction solar cells (InGaP/InGaAs/Ge) attached to heat source to discharge thermal energy to cooling media. Published HCPV/T models do not consider the effect of shunt resistance which greatly affects the system performance. So, a single diode model employing five parameters including the effect of shunt resistance is adapted to analyze the proposed system. To analyze the thermal performance of the proposed system, a two-dimensional thermal model based on the technique of finite difference is introduced to determine the efficiency of the hybrid HCPV/T system. The present developed subroutines are integrated with other involved codes in TRNSYS software to calculate HCPV/T system efficiency. Electrical and thermal as well as the whole system efficiency at different weather circumstances are evaluated and assessed. The effect of different weather conditions, cell temperature, concentration ratio and the temperatures of the coolant fluid on system performance are studied. Current results indicate that the model of single diode is a reliable one rather than using the two-diode complex model. Compared to measurements provided by high concentrated PV manufacturer, the current results revealed a total root mean square error of approximately 1.94%. Present predictions show that PV cell temperature has logarithmic increase with the rise in concentration ratio but with low values till concentration ratio of 400 suns after that the rise is faster at higher concentration values up to 1500 suns. Results also revealed that hybrid HCPV/T system works effectively specially in severe hot climate where thermal efficiency increases with high surrounding temperature for higher values of concentration ratio. In addition, an increase of approximately 15% in thermal efficiency and 10% in total efficiency can be achieved by utilizing active cooling device in HCPV/T system.

A Novel Solar Driven Micro-CliP System： A State of the Art Review

The state-of-the-art solar power system technologies are presented. Various methods of capturing solar energy using solar collectors such as parabolic trough collectors and dish collectors are reviewed. Combined heat and power （CHP） systems driven by concentrating solar absorbers and supplemented by biomass boilers are proving to be the most promising methods of domestic power generation, μCHP systems eliminate losses associated with power distribution and transmission opposed to the large scale power generation methods. The systems can utilize about 75% of solar energy to provide electric and thermal energy direct to end users. The driving potential behind μCHP systems is the thermal efficiency the systems can achieve and their market significance. Despite huge potential market for μCHP systems, the systems are yet to be seen available in commercial market. Hence the authors of this paper are currently developing such type of CHP system with electricity production being of prime importance.

Toward Implementing HH the Amir Declaration of 2% Electricity Generation by Solar Energy in 2020

The utility solar power plants were reviewed and classified by two basic groups: direct thermal concentrating solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV). CSP as Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) of 100 MW solar power plants (SPP) is suggested and suitable to provide solar thermal power for Qatar. Although, LFC had enough experience for small projects, it is still need to work in large scale plant such as 100 MW and couple with multi effect distillation (MED) to confirm costs.

A Four-Wing Compound Parabolic Concentrator(CPC)Design for Heating and Sanitization of Waste Products

Harnessing the freely available source of energy from the sun offers a number of additional benefits. Not least of these benefits is the fact that solar energy is an environmentally sustainable alternative. A four-wing compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) was designed as a modification of the regular non-imaging CPC concentrator that has a widespread use as solar collector. The design is intended to increase the angle of acceptance as well as concentration of energy from the sun. The conceptual design, mathematical formulation as well as construction and initial trial results have been presented in this paper. Pilot trials of the four-wing concentrator used for sanitizing both liquid and waste products produced satisfactory results. Improvements in terms of design as well as material used for construction and better preservation of heat can be considered further in the future research.

新型槽式太阳能真空吸热管设计方法及其光学性能研究

针对传统槽式太阳能集热系统工质运行温度受限,以及真空吸热管表面能流密度分布不均而引起的热应力过大等问题,文章在不改变聚光器结构的条件下,提出了一种新型的槽式太阳能真空吸热管的设计方法,通过减小金属内管直径、下移金属内管位置以及在金属内管上方加装双曲线型二次聚光器来提高太阳能聚光比,改善了金属吸热管表面能流密度分布。利用仿真计算方法研究了新型槽式太阳能真空吸热管的光学性能,结果表明:和传统槽式太阳能真空吸热管相比,该新型结构在仅损失1.88%光学效率的情况下将聚光比从62 kW/m^(2)提升至71 kW/m^(2);能流密度分布均匀度改善了55.05%,提升了聚光-吸热系统的整体性能。

基于太阳能分频利用的光伏/光热综合发电系统热力学分析

通过对太阳能聚光投入辐射进行分频,建立光伏与光热驱动有机朗肯循环综合供电系统。在冷却背板温度100℃的限制下,对该系统进行热力学分析,筛选了适宜的循环工质,获得了有机朗肯循环(ORC)系统优化的蒸发温度。结果表明:isobutene作为光伏系统的冷却工质和ORC系统的循环工质时系统效率最高,分频技术将冷却背板散热负荷转移至集热器,可降低光伏板的散热需求,从而降低循环工质质量流量,对提高系统发电能力有积极作用,该系统可将单纯光伏发电效率提高9百分点;同时,分频效率和太阳能电池吸收波段对综合供电系统的总效率影响较大。

建筑领域太阳能利用系统的性能、挑战及优化策略综述

建筑领域的太阳能利用技术包括太阳能热水系统、太阳能制冷与空调系统、太阳能热泵系统以及建筑一体化光伏/热系统(BIPV/T)。系统效率和储热是制约太阳能热水系统发展的关键因素,目前的研究主要侧重于优化系统效率,未来应进一步关注储热技术的进步,以解决太阳能热水系统热水供应稳定性的问题。太阳能制冷与空调系统重点关注降低太阳能集热系统成本、提高集热器性能并研发小型太阳能制冷设备。太阳能热泵技术具有高能源利用率和低环境污染的特点,目前在实际应用中面临的技术障碍包括系统集成与优化、高效太阳能收集器、热泵性能提升、季节性储能、可靠性与稳定性以及经济性与可扩展性等,其中系统集成与优化尤为关键。太阳能光伏光热综合应用是建筑节能领域的一个重要研究方向,太阳能聚光光伏/光热系统(CPV/T)是解决BIPV/T系统中太阳能利用率低下问题的有效策略。BIPV/T和CPV/T系统还需要深入探讨集热器优化设计、材料选择、气候适应性及可持续性等问题。总之,未来建筑领域太阳能系统利用的主要研究方向为提高系统性能、开发新型材料以及集成优化。此外,应用物联网、大数据和人工智能技术可以促进太阳能系统的智能化监测、控制和维护。

Numerical Study of New-Type Receiver with Axially-Hollow Spiral Deflector for Parabolic Trough Direct-Steam-Generation Loop of Concentrating Solar Power System

The thermal stress-induced deformation issue of receiver is crucial to the performance and reliability of a parabolic-trough(PT) concentrating solar power(CSP) system with the promising direct steam generation(DSG) technology.The objective of the present study is to propose a new-type receiver with axially-hollow spiral deflector and optimize the geometric structure to solve the above issue.To this end,optical-flow-thermal multi-physics coupling models have been established for the preheating,boiling and superheating sections of a typical PT-DSG loop.The simulation results show that our proposed new-type receiver demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance.It can minimize the circumferential temperature difference through the spiral deflector while lower the flow resistance cost through the axially hollow structure at the same time.As quantitatively evaluated by the temperature uniformity improvement(ε_(ΔT)) and the performance evaluation criteria(PEC),different designs are achieved based on different optimal schemes.When ε_(ΔT)is of primary importance,the optimal design with torsional ratio of 1 is achieved,with ε_(ΔT)=25.4%,25.7%,41.5% and PEC=0.486,0.878,0.596corresponding to preheating,boiling,superheating sections,respectively.When PEC is of primary importance,the optimal design with torsional ratio of 6-6.5 is achieved,with PEC=0.950,2.070,0.993 and ε_(ΔT)=18.2%,13.3 %,19.4% corresponding to preheating,boiling,superheating sections,respectively.

Heat Leakage Numerical Investigation of a Compound Parabolic ConcentratorPulsating Heat Pipe Solar Collector

As a new type of equipment for solar medium temperature utilization, the compound parabolic concentrator-pulsating heat pipe solar collector(CPC-PHPSC) uses pulsating heat pipe(PHP) as an endotherm, which can realize efficient energy conversion. The design of proper concentration ratio of compound parabolic concentrator(CPC) ensures that the incident sunlight can be concentrated on the evaporator section surface of PHP without solar tracking system. The objective of the present work is to study the influence of solar radiation intensity, air speed, material thickness(glass and insulation board) and tilt angle on the thermal performance of the new collector, which is difficult to control in the experiment. The heat leakage process and characteristics of the CPC-PHPSC were numerically studied by establishing a 3D numerical model of the collector unit. The results show that the theoretical collector efficiency of CPC-PHPSC reaches 74.5%, which is consistent with the experimental results. During operation, the heat collection performance is the best when the tilt angle is 45° and the solar radiation intensity is 1000 W/m^(2), while the excessive air speed will increase the convective heat loss. Increasing the thickness of insulation board and glass has little effect on the collector efficiency.

日光温室用双集热管多曲面槽式空气集热器性能试验

为了提高日光温室太阳能利用率,该研究提出了一种新型双集热管多曲面槽式空气集热器,并与该研究团队提出的日光温室太阳能主-被动"三重"结构相变蓄热通风墙体相结合构成太阳能主动集热蓄热系统,应用于乌鲁木齐日光温室。基于光学与传热学理论,重点考察了集热器结构(双集热管相对位置、长度)、集热器内空气流速、集热器进口温度、太阳辐射强度等参数,对该集热器光学性能和集热性能的影响规律。大量实验室试验及现场应用研究结果表明:1)新型双管集热器与同类型的单管集热器相比,空气流量增加了一倍、单位面积集热量增加了16%、集热效率提高了9%,冬季无跟踪条件下的集热效率为44%~52%;2)2015年11月-2016年2月乌鲁木齐日光温室应用实测结果表明,在集热器长度为16 m、管内空气流速为2.0 m/s的条件下,晴天集热系统可为日光温室提供约50~65 MJ的太阳热能,冬季累计可提供约5 325 MJ的太阳热能。研究结果为日光温室高效利用太阳能主动供热提供了新的技术方法参考。

聚光型粗细调互补阳光信号采集器的研制

高准确度自动跟踪系统是太阳能聚光器必不可少的组成部分,而信号采集器能否精确可靠地采集到阳光照射方向的信号又是自动跟踪准确度的关键.本文提出了一种粗细调互补信号采集器的设计方案,在正常工作期间通过软件能够根据需要不断地自动调整选择二组光电传感器中其中一组输出的差模信号作为有效信号,从而有效地解决了大范围寻找太阳和高准确度跟踪之间的矛盾;而在此基础上改进为对聚光后的阳光信号进行采集的新结构,又彻底解决了光电传感器本身在光照强度很大时进入饱和区与光照强度很弱时输出的差模信号太小的问题,有效延长了聚光器在早晚时段的正常工作时间.据此原理制作的聚光型粗细调互补信号采集器应用于某公司的CPV型1200W砷化镓发电系统中,取得了很好的跟踪效果,其实际跟踪误差≤0.1°(立体角).

一种CPC型热管式太阳能集热器的实验研究

将复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)和热管平板式集热器相结合,研究了一种以平面形吸热板为接收器的CPC型热管式太阳能集热器.采用碘钨灯模拟太阳光辐射,在不同辐射强度下,对CPC型热管式太阳能集热器和普通热管平板式太阳能集热器的集热温度、瞬时效率、平均效率及平均热损系数等热性能进行了对比实验研究.研究结果表明:与普通热管平板式太阳能集热器相比,CPC型热管式太阳能集热器不但提高了集热温度和集热效率,而且降低了热损失.这一研究结果为太阳能集热器的进一步发展提供了有意义的参考.

新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器的研究与试验

设计了一种新型槽式太阳能聚光集热器,分析了工作原理和设计参数,建立了由该集热器组成的太阳能集热系统,并进行了试验测试。文章给出了采用不同接收器的升温曲线和效率计算值,对不同布置方式的集热性能进行了比较。试验结果表明,该装置具有较高的集热效率,运行温度在80℃时,效率达到35%以上。

槽式复合多曲面太阳能聚光集热器光热性能研究

该文提出一种槽式复合多曲面太阳能聚光集热器，并对其进行光学仿真计算和实验测试研究，通过光学仿真软件模拟计算，研究跟踪误差、接收体位置和入射偏角等对其聚光效率的影响，基于光学仿真研究结果，在实际天气条件下对集热器的光热性能进行实验研究。结果表明，当跟踪误差为50时，其光线接受率仍可达到82．26％，装置聚光效率随接收体距槽底的距离增加呈先增后减的趋势，晴天运行时，跟踪误差为10°时集热器出口油温比正入射时低3℃，当集热器中导热油流速为100kg／h时，装置集热效率最高可达65．04％。

反射式顺向聚焦整体跟踪式高温太阳能集热装置

提出了一种新型组合抛物面聚光器,实现了对太阳光的反射式顺向聚焦。该新型聚光器与一个腔体式集热器结合,组成了一个具有整体跟踪功能的中高温太阳能集热装置。介绍了该组合抛物面聚光器的工作原理和设计方法,给出了其重要的设计参数。同时,在实际天气条件下,对该新型中高温太阳能集热装置进行了实际测试,给出了实际运行结果。实验结果表明,在北京冬季条件下,装置的空晒温度最高可达330℃,有负载时集热效率可达43%,可广泛应用于太阳能高温集热领域。

复合抛物面太阳能集热器热性能分析

对真空管式复合抛物面太阳能集热器的传热模型进行了分析,在总热损失系数、效率因子、热迁移因子和瞬时效率表达式的基础上,建立了有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器性能预测模型,并对有盖板和无盖板两种类型接收器的集热器进行了瞬时效率的对比计算.结果表明:当集热介质与外界环境间温差较小时,在相同辐射强度的情况下,有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器的集热效率反而比无盖板的复合抛物面集热器的集热效率低;而当集热介质与外界环境温差增加到一定程度时,有盖板带翅片的复合抛物面集热器显示了其集热效率高的优点.

新型太阳能海水淡化系统

本文提出一种全新的太阳能海水淡化与组合式空调系统模型,阐述了系统的运行原理。研究了原理样机海水淡化功能中淡水产量与海水喷淋量、海水喷淋温度的关系。在此基础上,对与原理样机匹配的复合抛物面型集热器(CPC)系统进行了优化设计。为整个系统进一步的联合运行研究奠定了基础。

西藏太阳能热发电探讨

介绍西藏地区太阳能和水资源状况,表明该地区适合发展太阳能热发电。此外,还介绍了槽式、线性菲涅尔式、塔式以及碟式等4种太阳能热发电技术的原理、特点以及发展现状;在对比和分析这4种技术的基础上,指出现阶段在西藏地区开发太阳能热发电,可首选槽式或线性菲涅尔式系统,其次是塔式系统,碟式系统并不适于大规模发电,但可用于西藏地区的分布式供电;最后,指出发展太阳能热发电对西藏当地经济、环境和社会的发展都起到积极的作用。

线聚光菲涅耳集热器的端部损失与补偿

线聚光菲涅耳集热器的端部损失对其光学性能的影响非常重要。基于南北向菲涅耳反射镜场,该文从分析入射太阳光线与反射镜单元跟踪轴线之间的夹角出发,导出了反射光线到达接收器时在南北向偏离的距离(即端部损失)的计算公式。以北纬25°01′为例计算分析了在月平均日、春分秋分日和夏至冬至日的端部损失随反射镜单元焦距、反射镜距接收器的水平距离的变化情况,并通过光线跟踪模拟实验对春分秋分日的计算结果进行验证,两者十分吻合。同时,对端部损失的补偿方法进行了探讨。该研究方法和结果对如何减少线聚光菲涅耳集热器的端部损失具有实际指导作用。