Comparison of in Clinic-Based Fecal Microbiome Collection Techniques for Increase in Study Participation and Utilization of Microbiome Analysis

We compared the collection techniques of fecal specimens for DNA extraction and fecal microbiome analysis by utilizing the glove from a standard-of-care digital rectal exam (DRE) and the rectal swab from a pre-prostate biopsy bacterial rectal culture collected in clinical care settings. DNA yield from the swab technique compared to the glove technique yielded similar amounts of DNA (18.1 vs. 13.1 ng/μL, p = 0.06), slightly favoring the swab technique. However, utilizing DNA yield cutoffs of 15 ng/μL (37% vs. 29%, p = 0.18) and 30 ng/μL (15% and 9%, p = 0.16), we identified no differences in yield between the swab versus glove technique, respectively. Absorbance values for overall DNA quality were significantly different in favor of the glove technique (mean 1.6 vs. 2.0, p < 0.001). Using an absorbance value of 1.5 as an indication of DNA quality, only 26% (19/91) met the cutoff value using the swab group compared to 47.3% (53/112) if the glove technique was used (p < 0.001). Similar results occurred for the RNA quality with an absorbance value cutoff of 2.0 (2.2% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001). To increase sampling feasibility and improve population sampling, gloves used from a DRE may be utilized as a consistent and efficient fecal DNA collection technique for fecal microbiome analysis. DNA yield and quality from the glove technique are comparable to—if not better than—rectal swab collection.

Measuring Ca^(2+) influxes of TRPC1-dependent Ca^(2+) channels in HL-7702 cells with Non-invasive Micro-test Technique

AIM： To explore the possibility of using the Noninvasive Micro-test Technique （NMT） to investigate the role of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 （TRPC1） in regulating Ca^2＋ influxes in HL-7702 cells, a normal human liver cell line.METHODS： Net Ca^2＋ fluxes were measured with NMT, a technology that can obtain dynamic information of specific/selective ionic/molecular activities on material surfaces, non-invasively. The expression levels of TRPCl were increased by liposomal transfection, whose effectiveness was evaluated by Western-blotting and single cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS： Ca^2＋ influxes could be elicited by adding 1 mmol/L CaCl2 to the test solution of HL-7702 cells. They were enhanced by addition of 20 μmol/L noradrenalin and inhibited by 100 μmol/L LaCl3 （a non-selective Ca^2＋ channel blocker）; 5 μmol/L nifedipine did not induce any change. Overexpression of TRPCl caused increased Ca^2＋ influx. Five micromoles per liter nifedipine did not inhibit this elevation, whereas 100 μmol/L LaCI3 did.CONCLUSION： In HL-7702 cells, there is a type of TRPCl-dependent Ca^2＋ channel, which could be detected v/a NMT and inhibited by La^3＋.

Measurement of Ca^(2+) Flow in Cochlear Cells Using Non-Invasive Micro-Test Technique

Objective To test Calcium ion(Ca2+) flow at the head and end of outer hair cells(OHCs) in resting state and in response to Nimodipine treatment.Methods Non-invasive micro-test techniques were used to study Ca2+ in isolated OHCs in adult guinea pigs.Results Four types of Ca2+ transport were identified in OHCs on basilar membrane tissue fragments:influx at the head of with efflux at the bottom(type 1):efflux at the head of OHCs with influx at the bottom(type 2);influx at the both head and bottom(type 3);and efflux at the both head and bottom(type 4).However,only type 1 and type 3 of Ca2+ ion transport were detected in the cochlea.We propose that Ca2+ ion transport exists in adult guinea pig cochlear OHCs in resting state and is variable.Ca2 + flow in OHC can be inhibited by Nimodipine in resting state.

Non-invasive evaluation of liver stiffness after splenectomy in rabbits with CCl_4-induced liver fibrosis

AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement(LSM) by elastography point quantification(Elast PQ) in animal models and determine the longitudinal changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ after splenectomy at different stages of fibrosis.METHODS Liver stiffness was measured in sixty-eight rabbits with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis at different stages and eight healthy control rabbits by Elast PQ. Liver biopsies and blood samples were obtained at scheduled time points to assess liver function and degree of fibrosis. Thirty-one rabbits with complete data that underwent splenectomy at different stages of liver fibrosis were then included for dynamic monitoring of changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ and liver function according to blood tests.RESULTS LSM by Elast PQ was significantly correlated with histologic fibrosis stage(r = 0.85, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values by Elast PQ were 11.27, 14.89, and 18.21 k Pa for predicting minimal fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, and cirrhosis, respectively. Longitudinalmonitoring of the changes in liver stiffness by Elast PQ showed that early splenectomy(especially F1) may delay liver fibrosis progression.CONCLUSION Elast PQ is an available, convenient, objective and non-invasive technique for assessing liver stiffness in rabbits with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, liver stiffness measurements using Elast PQ can dynamically monitor the changes in liver stiffness in rabbit models, and in patients, after splenectomy.

Study on micro-water-collecting technique in dryland field of spring maize

This paper analyses the effect of water storage and soil moisture conservation by means of micro water collecting technique in the dryland field of spring maize. The results indicate that the rainfall infiltration depth is deeper by means of micro water collecting treatment than that of the control. In micro water collecting treatment, the amount of soil water storage within 0～200 cm of soil layers increases by 50.5 mm, 13.5～58.6 mm, and 24.5 mm respectively during seedling stage, the critical stage of water requirement and the ripening and harvesting stage compared with the control. The micro water collecting technique not only has the function of regulating and adjusting the amount and distribution of field evapotranspiration, but also can raise the water use efficiency, which results in an obvious effect of increasing crop yield, especially in the dry years.

Non-Invasive Early Diagnosis of Obstructive Lung Diseases Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithms

Lungs are a vital human body organ,and different Obstructive Lung Diseases(OLD)such as asthma,bronchitis,or lung cancer are caused by shortcomings within the lungs.Therefore,early diagnosis of OLD is crucial for such patients suffering from OLD since,after early diagnosis,breathing exercises and medical precautions can effectively improve their health state.A secure non-invasive early diagnosis of OLD is a primordial need,and in this context,digital image processing supported by Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques is reliable and widely used in the medical field,especially for improving early disease diagnosis.Hence,this article presents an AIbased non-invasive and secured diagnosis for OLD using physiological and iris features.This research work implements different machine-learning-based techniques which classify various subjects,which are healthy and effective patients.The iris features include gray-level run-length matrix-based features,gray-level co-occurrence matrix,and statistical features.These features are extracted from iris images.Additionally,ten different classifiers and voting techniques,including hard and soft voting,are implemented and tested,and their performances are evaluated using several parameters,which are precision,accuracy,specificity,F-score,and sensitivity.Based on the statistical analysis,it is concluded that the proposed approach offers promising techniques for the non-invasive early diagnosis of OLD with an accuracy of 97.6%.

巴黎奥运周期竞技游泳运动生物力学研究进展

本文梳理了巴黎奥运周期内竞技游泳运动生物力学研究的最新进展,通过分析运动生物力学在竞技游泳中的应用,旨在揭示运动表现提升与损伤预防的关键因素,主要涵盖技术分析与优化、研究方法与设备、表现评估与强化,以及损伤预防与康复4个方面。巴黎奥运周期竞技游泳运动生物力学相关研究体现了运动生物力学在优化游泳技术动作、评估运动表现和预防运动损伤中具有重要作用。特别是最新的数据采集和分析设备,如高精度传感器、人工智能与深度学习技术的发展,使得对游泳技术的分析更加全面和精确。未来的研究应进一步结合多维度数据整合技术,通过高精度运动捕捉、流体力学测量及智能分析,深层次探索游泳技术的优化路径。

基于本地差分隐私的分布式图统计采集算法

社交网络、社交物联网等应用场景产生的海量分布式图结构数据,被应用服务商采集并以此提供各类以数据为驱动的服务,或将引发严重的隐私风险.在此背景下,如何针对具备强关联性的分布式图结构数据实现安全高效的采集,成为大规模图结构数据应用服务的瓶颈.面向分布式图结构数据隐私保护的节点或边本地差分隐私模型无法有效处理隐私保护效果和数据有效性之间的冲突关系.针对该问题,提出基于本地差分隐私的分布式图统计采集算法,同时实现度分布、三角计数序列和聚类系数3个不同统计指标采集,并适应不同有效性和隐私保护的需求.首先,采用分组机制及对称一元编码机制,设计具备高强度隐私保护的基于Node-LDP的度分布采集算法;其次,基于所提度分布采集算法获取阈值,引入剪枝算法缓解随机加噪的噪声边过多问题,并分别提出基于Node-LDP和Edge-LDP的三角计数序列采集算法;再次,在前述三角计数序列采集算法基础上引入拉普拉斯机制,从而分别提出基于Node-LDP和Edge-LDP的聚类系数采集算法,进而实现不同保护强度及数据效用需求下的分布式图结构多指标采集;最后,实验和对比结果表明,所提算法能同时提高隐私保护强度和数据效用,比现有单一或多统计指标采集算法更具优势.

地表水水样采集技术分析

地表水水样采集是水质监测的关键环节,直接影响后续水质分析的准确性和可靠性。为确保采样质量,必须了解并合理应用地表水水样采集技术。本文强调了采样过程中的质量控制措施。通过合理选择采样点、采样器具和保存方法,以及严格遵守采样程序,可以确保所采集的水样具有代表性和可比性。这些措施为地表水水质分析提供了可靠的技术基础,有助于准确评估水环境质量,从而为水资源管理和保护提供科学依据。

Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment:an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques

Tinnitus is defined as a perception of sound without any external sound source.Chronic tinnitus is a frequent condition that can affect the quality of life.So far,no causal cure for tinnitus has been documented,and most pharmacologic and psychosomatic treatment modalities aim to diminish tinnitus’impact on the quality of life.Neuromodulation,a novel therapeutic modality,which aims at alternating nerve activity through a targeted delivery of a stimulus,has emerged as a potential option in tinnitus treatment.This review provides a brief overview of the current neuromodulation techniques as tinnitus treatment options.The main intention is to provide updated knowledge especially for medical professionals counselling tinnitus patients in this emerging field of medicine.Non-invasive methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation were included,as well as invasive methods such as implanted vagus nerve stimulation and invasive brain stimulation.Some of these neuromodulation techniques revealed promising results;nevertheless,further research is needed,especially regarding the pathophysiological principle as to how these neuromodulation techniques work and what neuronal change they induce.Various studies suggest that individually different brain states and networks are involved in the generation and perception of tinnitus.Therefore,in the future,individually tailored neuromodulation strategies could be a promising approach in tinnitus treatment for achieving a more substantial and longer lasting improvement of complaints.

郑麦1860在豫东平原连续5年超高产表现及配套栽培技术

郑麦1860是由河南省农业科学院许为钢院士小麦分子育种团队培育的国审优质中强筋小麦新品种.2018—2022年度,商丘职业技术学院河南省小麦玉米两熟超高产栽培技术创新团队与河南省农业科学院、河南省三河种业有限公司等单位密切合作,通过实施郑麦1860超高产栽培攻关示范,不仅连续5年实现了超高产目标,而且取得了单产800 kg/667m^(2)以上的重要突破.根据郑麦1860“一突出三高效”(高产性突出,优质高效、生产高效、加工高效)的特征特性,有针对性提出了“一强化三跟进”(即强化播种技术基础,春季追施氮肥跟进、拔节至孕穗期灌水跟进、后期绿色防控病虫害跟进)的超高产栽培配套技术,为优质小麦良种良法良田相结合、农艺农机配套技术相结合、产量与品质相兼顾的超高产栽培技术进一步推广应用提供了实践依据.

面向链接预测的本地差分隐私图数据建模方法

针对工业企业图数据链接预测过程中,节点间的敏感数据面临隐私泄露的问题,以本地差分隐私理论为基础,从链接预测任务表现的角度分析了现有的图数据建模方法在隐私保护上的缺点和不足。提出在个性化采样技术的随机响应机制,减少用户端噪声添加,同时结合两轮数据收集的子图划分策略,保留原始图数据中子图聚集特征,最终实现了一种个性化采样随机响应本地差分隐私(Personalized Sampling Randomized Response Local Differential Privacy, PSRR-LDP)图数据建模算法,理论证明PSRR-LDP算法满足ε-边本地差分隐私。仿真实验结果表明,PSRR-LDP算法在保证隐私的同时具有更优的链接预测效果。

中国当代艺术音乐创作之求索:作品命意社会化与创作技法现代化的有机融合——“系列”室内乐作品“悲歌—2020”创作杂感与技法提要

以“系列”室内乐作品《悲歌—2020Ⅰ》与《悲歌—2020Ⅱ》之创作构思为话题,从创作观念与创作技法两个层面阐述和展示了对于中国现代艺术音乐创作的心得体会及具体应用。在创作观念方面,对于“中国特色”艺术音乐的现状做出了简要评价,同时阐述了对于这一艺术品种进一步巩固和发展的认识,建议中国现代艺术音乐创作要更多地关注社会现实。在创作技法方面,罗列了两部作品的音高组织设计以及材料与结构、形式与内容关系上的构想,以此为证来支撑中国现代艺术音乐要以现代作曲技法来呈现的创作观念。

太极拳运动康复数据采集及评估技术规范指引

诸多循证证据表明太极拳运动在老年及慢性病康复方面具有显著的效果。基于不同的运动模式,太极拳的各个招式拥有不同的综合能力需求,也可以满足不同康复群体的需要。但目前仍缺少高效的太极拳运动康复数据采集手段与准确的太极拳运动康复评估方法。建立太极拳运动康复数据采集及评估技术规范能够帮助太极拳运动康复数据的量化工作,统一的标准可以使太极拳运动数据能够更好地被整合和共享,有助于更准确地找到康复状况与太极拳动作数据之间的联系,使太极拳更好地运用到康复训练中。因此,本标准规范了太极拳数据采集的术语和定义、太极拳运动康复数据采集和评估技术、设施设备、人员要求、场地与环境标准以及评估注意事项。本标准适用于太极拳运动康复数据采集及太极拳运动康复能力评估,具有良好的可行性和安全性。

水禽智能化养殖研究现状及发展趋势

水禽养殖在向规模化、标准化与智能化方向迅速发展。智能养殖装备和信息化技术的研究与应用是促进水禽养殖业健康持续发展的关键,对提高水禽养殖的产出效率、降低生产过程对劳动力的依赖、契合绿色环保的发展理念以及实现高质量转型发展具有重要意义。本文重点介绍了智能化水禽棚舍的发展、水禽棚舍环境智能调控技术,以及智能化水禽饲喂、饮水、加药消杀和自动粪污处理等智能化设备的最新研究进展。此外,还介绍了可应用于水禽的信息采集技术现状,包括视觉成像系统、声音捕获系统和穿戴式传感器,以及智能管理技术的最新应用进展。最后指出了水禽产业的智能化养殖所面临的困难,并对未来水禽的智能化养殖的发展和改进提出了建议。

考虑快速路交织区驾驶人强行变道行为的交通冲突机理分析

驾驶人的强行变道行为对交通安全具有较大影响。为研究快速路交织区驾驶人强行变道行为引发交通冲突的机理、提升变道场景的安全性,本研究选取变道收益、变道车辆特征、目标车道后方来车避险特征、交通冲突严重程度4个变量构建了结构方程模型(structural equation model,SEM)。选取南京市1处快速路交织区为研究区域,通过无人机采集200个强行变道行为样本,并从中提取高精度车辆轨迹数据,分析了强行变道行为引发交通冲突的微观机理与关键特征指标。基于最小碰撞时间评估交通冲突的严重程度,以结构模型分析强行变道各环节因素引发事故风险的因果链路,提出压迫式、侵入式2种强行变道形态,综合考虑表征车辆变道收益与变道特征的多项微观指标,建立测量模型。SEM分析表明:变道收益显著影响变道车辆特征(p=0.044);变道车辆特征显著影响后方来车避险特征(p=0.001)与交通冲突严重程度(p=0.021);后方来车避险特征显著影响交通冲突严重程度(p<0.001)。在变道起始时刻,变道车辆与目标车道后车间距(p=0.002)、相邻车道前车速度差(p=0.012)与变道动机(p<0.001)可以有效表征变道收益;在变道过程中,驾驶人危险行为特征、车辆横摆角、横向速度均可有效表征变道车辆特征(p<0.001)。研究结果为微观视角下刻画车辆强行变道风险提供了有效指标,可为车载碰撞预警系统与短距离交织区交通设计提供理论支撑。

基于海上风电场区66 kV集电系统海缆最大截面经济性分析

海上风电场集电系统最大海缆截面选定拓扑优化设计是降低海上风电场总投资、提高传输效率及系统可靠性的有效手段。由于集电系统汇集网拓扑结构存在多种方式,且过往优化研究中并未考虑最大海缆截面约束条件,导致集电系统拓扑在非凸非线性寻优过程中效率低,难以获得全局最优的布局方案。提出了基于海上风电场区66 kV集电系统海缆最大截面经济性分析方法,在通过单亲遗传算法和最小生成树技术(MST)进行集电系统拓扑优化过程中加入了最优海缆最大截面选型的约束条件,减少搜索空间,提高寻优精度,加快搜索速度。算例分析结果表明,在集电系统规划中考虑海缆最大截面选型约束对经济性优化结果具有显著影响。

采精种公羊调教技术探析

种公羊的采精调教是开展“绵羊常温人工授精技术”第一个步骤,也是最主要的环节,直接影响绵羊改良的生产目标。理论上较为简单,实际操作且有一定的困难,主要是操作方面细节性的掌握、调教程序及方法的熟练过程等。这项技术在甘肃省肉羊产业的发展中起到示范带动作用。

非接触式犯罪案件侦查中电子取证存在的问题与进路

近年来,云计算、人工智能等信息技术的发展进步给人们工作、生活带来便利的同时,也引发了犯罪情势的重大变化。利用新技术侵犯公民合法权益的非接触式犯罪案件数量不断增多,呈现出犯罪手段更新快、犯罪模式复制快、犯罪危害影响广等特点。电子证据在非接触式犯罪案件的定罪量刑中起着决定性作用,然而,在侦查机关电子取证过程中,第三方主体参与取证合法性存疑、侦查人员取证意识欠佳、电子取证技术薄弱、电子证据存储困难、电子取证内外协作不畅等诸多问题普遍存在。侦查机关需细化电子取证部门规章、增强电子取证意识、提高电子取证能力、加快取证技术和工具的研发、完善取证机制、加强内外协作,以解决非接触式犯罪侦查取证面临的问题。

基于集油测压方法的燃油总管性能试验技术与系统研究

燃油总管性能试验是航空发动机研制过程中的重要试验,为了满足商用航空发动机试验需求,研究了基于集油测压方法的燃油总管性能试验技术。较于传统集油称重的方法,该技术具有大幅度缩短采样时间等优点。应用该技术建设的试验系统性能参数较宽,可以达到供油流量范围7~16000kg/h和供油压力范围0.14~10MPa。试验系统测试精度较高,其中集油测压装置测量误差±0.264%,供油流量测量误差±0.155%,供油压力测量误差±0.248%,供油温度测量误差±0.194%。