Effect of Anion Surface Active Agent on the Preparation of SrTiO_3 Nano-Crystals

SrTiO_3 nano-crystal samples with floccule or flake crystal morphology,which were indexed as a perovskite-type crystal structure based on the results of XRD and TEM,were successfully prepared by one-step liquid reaction method.And the growth mechanism of the SrTiO_3 nano-crystals under the liquid condition with/without adding the surface active agent was investigated.It was found that adding the surface active agent contributes to the processing in which the ions gathering bodies transit to a more stable phase through the chemical reaction and form the flake SrTiO_3 nano-crystals.

High surface area biocarbon monoliths for methane storage

New energy sources that reduce the volume of harmful gases such as SO_(x)and NO_(x)released into the atmosphere are in constant development.Natural gas,primarily made up of methane,is being widely used as one reliable energy source for heating and electricity generation due to its high combustion value.Currently,natural gas accounts for a large portion of electricity generation and chemical feedstock in manufacturing plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.In the near future,natural gas will be widely used as a fuel for vehicles.Therefore,a practical storage device for its storage and transportation is very beneficial to the deployment of natural gas as an energy source for new technologies.In this tutorial review,biomaterials-based carbon monoliths(CMs),one kind of carbonaceous material,was reviewed as an adsorbent for natural gas(methane)adsorption and storage.

Activation of Quartz Grain Surface with Chloride Ions

Alteration of technological and optical states of glass activated with chloride ions, entered to the surface of quartz sand and quartz grain by way of sodium chloride was investigated in the article. Concentration optimum of activating agent was determined.

超声波改善涤棉织物的色牢度

深色涤棉织物在染色过程中存在染料上染饱和的问题,从而导致织物色牢度差,在超声波的作用下探究织物的皂洗优化工艺:频率35 kHz,功率0.6 W/cm^(2),水温60℃,车速28 m/min。结果表明:超声波皂洗工艺色牢度较传统皂洗工艺有所提升,特别是耐湿摩擦色牢度提升0.5级,节水且节能。

适用于低渗透气藏的新型乳液防水锁剂研究

为了有效减轻低渗透气藏开发过程中出现的水锁损害现象,以十二烷基硫酸钠K12、异丁烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要原料,制备了一种适用于低渗透气藏的新型乳液防水锁剂FRT-2,并对其综合性能进行了评价。结果表明,新型乳液防水锁剂FRT-2能够大幅降低水溶液的表面张力值,具有良好的表面活性;FRT-2能有效改善目标低渗透气藏储层段天然岩芯表面的润湿性,使其由亲水性转变为中性润湿;FRT-2对储层段岩屑和岩芯的抑制性能较好;FRT-2还具有优良的防水锁性能,使用质量分数为1%以上的FRT-2溶液驱替岩芯时,岩芯的水锁伤害率可降低至20%以下,水锁伤害程度为弱。研究结果表明,新型乳液防水锁剂FRT-2的综合性能较好,能够应用于低渗透气藏的开发。

《表面活性剂化学》课程思政的探索与实践——以化妆品技术与工程专业为例

课程思政建设是高校落实立德树人的重要任务,《表面活性剂化学》课程作为化妆品技术与工程专业核心课程之一,有着极其重要的地位。通过明确课程思政目标,充分挖掘思政元素,完善课程教学设计。针对该课程的特点,将“知识体系”与“思政案例”有机融合,丰富教学方式,提升人才培养质量,为课程的思政教学提供参考。

小分子表面活性剂在原油脱水中的应用

西北油田二号联合站属超重质稠油片区,为了提高作业采收率,大量使用三次采油技术,同时掺稀组分、油水比的变化以及其他化学物理环境变化等的综合因素,给重质原油破乳带来巨大的困难。原油中的重质成分、固体颗粒杂质含量的增加、钻采油化学药剂的大量加注等导致采出液稳定性大幅提升,对破乳剂性能提出了更高的要求。作者引入小分子双亲表面活性剂,通过小分子的先行渗透,一定程度上改善了乳状液界面状态,提升了破乳剂的脱水性能,提高了现场运行效率,降低了药剂总体消耗量。

Effect of activation agents on the surface chemical properties and desulphurization performance of activated carbon

Flue gas pollution is a serious environmental problem that needs to be solved for the sustainable development of China.The surface chemical properties of carbon have great influence on its desulphurization performance.A series of activated carbons (ACs) were prepared using HNO3,H2O2,NH3·H2O and steam as activation agents with the aim to introduce functional groups to carbon surface in the ACs preparation process.The ACs were physically and chemically characterized by iodine and SO2 adsorption,ultimate analysis,Boehm titration,and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).Results showed that the iodine number and desulphurization capacity of NH3·H2O activated carbon (AC-NH3) increase with both activation time,and its desulphurization capacity also increases with the concentration of activation agent.However,HNO3 activated carbon (AC-HNO3) and H2O2 activated carbon (AC-H2O2) exhibit more complex behavior.Only their iodine numbers increase monotonously with activation time.Compared with steam activated AC (AC-H2O),the nitrogen content increases 0.232% in AC-NH3 and 0.077% in AC-HNO3.The amount of total basic site on AC-HNO3 is 0.19 mmol·g-1 higher than that on AC-H2O.H2O2 activation introduces an additional 0.08 mmol·g-1 carboxyl groups to AC surface than that introduced by steam activation.The desulphurization capacity of ACs in simulate flue gas desulphurization decreases as follows: AC-NH3 】 AC-HNO3 】 AC-H2O2 】 AC-H2O.This sequence is in accord with the SO2 catalytic oxidation/oxidation ratio in the absence of oxygen and the oxidation property reflected by TPR.In the presence of oxygen,all adsorbed SO2 on ACs can be oxidized into SO3.The desulphurization capacity increases differently according to the activation agents;the desulphurization capacity of AC-NH3 and AC-HNO3 improves by 4.8 times,yet AC-H2O increases only by 2.62 as compared with the desulphurization of corresponding ACs in absence of oxygen.

Preparation of nanometer complex oxide of Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2 by mechanically activated solid state chemical reaction

Nanometer cerium-zirconium oxide solution Ce1-x ZrxO2 was synthesized by mechanically activated solid state re- action at middle-low temperatures, with Ce2（CO3）3, ZrOCl2-SH2O and H2C2O4·2H2O as raw materials. The crystal structure and microstructure of the nanometer Ce1-x Zrx O2 were studied with X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The results show that the product is single-cubic-phase solid solution with an average crystal size 19.64 nm. In this article, the influence of surface active agent is also evaluated. Mechanically activated solid state reaction for the preparation of Ce1-xZrxO2 is a new technique of green chemistry without solvent and waste.

表面活性剂协同荷电水雾增效除尘实验研究

为研究湿式电除尘效率和应用范围的拓展特性,设计了针对铁矿粉尘的表面活性剂协同荷电水雾除尘实验装置,采用表面活性剂增效润湿、水膜捕尘、荷电捕尘理论,探究了风速、电压、喷雾压力和格栅目数对除尘性能的影响.实验中优选复配表面活性剂溶液,选取了0.3%LAB SA/0.5%X-100、0.3%LAB SA/0.5%AES、0.5%X-100/0.5%AES三种复配溶液进行荷电水雾除尘实验.结果表明:复合电除尘可以在提高处理风量的同时增加除尘效率,风速在0.8m/s以前与除尘效率正相关;复配溶液在水压为6MPa时都达到除尘效率最大,其中以0.3%LABSA/0.5%AES表现最为突出,其除尘效率相较于水提升达到15.36%,不同水压的平均除尘效率提高也达到了11.73%;复合电除尘除尘效率与电压在40kV之前正相关,超过后会发生电晕放电,降低除尘效率;当格栅孔径大小为40目时除尘效率最大,其中复配溶液0.3%LABSA/0.5%AES达到了96.74%的除尘效率,继续减小孔径反而会减小除尘效率;对粉尘润湿性越强的表面活性剂参与除尘后对除尘效率提升越大.

“离子对”模板构建高性能海水膜的研究

本研究将水相中的阴、阳离子表面活性剂作为离子对模板通过界面聚合制备高性能反渗透海水膜。实验证明,当SDS-DTAC离子对表面活性剂添加量为0.1%时,海水膜的脱盐率达99.71%,水通量达50 L/(m^(2)·h)。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析发现添加离子对表面活性剂后,膜面出现叶片状,且随着表面活性剂疏水链的增长,叶片不断变大。罗丹明染色实验表明离子表面活性剂添加量超过0.2%以上,海水膜致密层会产生缺陷;膜的长时间运行实验证明以表面活性离子对制备的海水膜具有优异的稳定性,膜片运行一个月后,产水量仅下降10%;通过拉伸试验表明,离子对模板剂能够改变初生聚酰胺聚集结构,经过拉伸热处理后,聚酰胺层就能够达到较强的强度,强度是未热处理前1.5倍以上。以阴、阳离子表面活性剂作为离子对模板为今后高性能海水膜的制备提供了一个新方法。

不同反应条件及表面活性剂对氨水表面张力的影响研究

采用铂金板法测定了不同浓度、温度及不同表面活性剂条件下氨水溶液的表面张力值,并用高速摄像机记录铂金板浸入、脱离液体过程的浸润高度。结果表明,温度或浓度的变化均与氨水溶液的表面张力值呈现不同程度的负相关关系。在20.5~45℃范围内,不同浓度氨水的表面张力值下降幅度在9.17%~11.48%;随着氨水浓度在0~25%范围内增加,溶液表面张力值逐渐下降,降幅达15.20%;不同表面活性剂的加入可显著降低氨水的表面张力值,10%浓度的氨水表面张力值降幅最高达46.18%;所有测量结果中铂金板的浸润高度和面积值与表面张力值变化呈相反趋势。

表面活性剂增强超声法提取污泥胞外聚合物

为了快速、高效地提取活性污泥的胞外聚合物,对比分析了超声法、表面活性剂法、表面活性剂增强超声法的提取效果,并确定了最优提取条件。研究发现,表面活性剂增强超声法的提取量最高。最优提取条件:超声功率为100 W,超声时间为5 min,CTAB投加量为48 mg。3种方法主要的红外吸收峰均与蛋白质、多糖等物质的官能团密切相关,且表面活性剂增强超声法所提取的EPS的荧光强度最高峰的种类最全面,表明表面活性剂增强超声法是活性污泥EPS的最佳提取方法。

碱酸法提纯鳞片石墨的试验研究

针对传统碱酸法石墨提纯度不高的问题,提出了一种利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)辅助碱酸法制备高纯鳞片石墨的方法,以鸡西天然鳞片石墨浮选精矿为原料,考察碱熔焙烧温度与时间、石墨与氢氧化钠及水的质量比、酸浸盐酸用量与浓度、表面活性剂用量及时间等因素对石墨提纯效果的影响。结果表明,CTAB辅助碱酸法优于传统碱酸法制备高纯石墨,石墨固定碳质量分数由99.91%提升至99.93%。

改性沸石处理水中硝酸盐研究进展

综述了近年来各种改性沸石对于硝酸盐污染物吸附处理的研究进展,从表面活性剂改性、酸溶液改性、碱溶液改性和金属盐溶液改性几个改性方法出发,介绍了这几种方法对天然沸石的改性机理,对改性沸石吸附处理水中硝酸盐污染物的前景进行了展望,包括寻找新型改性材料、将几种不同改性方法进行组合,以减少单一改性方法不足,为后续新型改性沸石方法提供参考。

HY纳米表面活性剂性能评价及驱油效果研究

低渗透油藏具有一定的特殊性,渗透率低,注水开发效果不佳,开发难度较大,近年来,有人提出了在开发过程中加入表面活性剂,用这种方法来提高低渗透油藏的采收率。纳米表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂进行比较可以发现,纳米表面活性剂的粒径普遍较小,降低界面张力的能力较强,对于提高采收率有很大的作用。对实验室自制的HY纳米表面活性剂和SDS表面活性剂从粒径、界面张力、耐温性能、抗盐性能和驱油效果5个方面进行对比实验,最后分析得出HY纳米表面活性剂针对低渗透油藏的洗油效果更好。

低温泵用活性炭吸附层的制备与性能

低温泵中低温板上的吸附材料对低温泵的性能具有重要影响。以无机粘结剂为主成型剂、柔性聚氨酯为添加剂制备了涉氚气体低温真空泵中的活性炭吸附层,分析聚氨酯质量分数对活性炭吸附层比表面积的影响以及成型剂质量分数与活性炭吸附层物理机械性能间的关系,并详细研究涂覆吸附材料的低温板的抗温度冲击性能。实验结果表明:在成型剂中添加质量分数4.5%柔性聚氨酯,改善了成型剂在活性炭表面的润湿性,在增加了活性炭吸附层的抗压强度以及吸附层在低温板上附着力的同时,使得活性炭吸附层在77—353 K的温度区间内的抗温度冲击性能提高了2.18倍,研制的活性炭吸附层更能满足低温泵的运行需求。

不同HLB值的表面活性剂对LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)的影响

表面活性剂在材料制备中具有控制形貌和改善性能的重要作用,本工作试图建立一种表面活性剂的亲水亲脂平衡(HLB)值与材料之间的关系。采用水热法制备LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)(OH)_(2)选用不同HLB数的表面活性剂诱导和控制正极材料的形貌,获得优异的性能。为了改性三元层状材料,分别使用不同HLB值的脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯(Span60)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂。四组材料的首次放电比容量分别为184.1 mAh/g、199.4 mAh/g、179.1 mAh/g和139.1 mAh/g。

New Nano Polymer Materials for Composite Exterior-Wall Coatings

A triethylenetetramine epoxy mixture was synthesized through the reaction of a low-molecular-weight liquid epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine(TETA).Then triethyltetramine(TETA)was injected dropwise into a pro-pylene glycol methyl ether(PM)solution for chain extension reaction.A hydrophilic andflexible polyether seg-ment was introduced into the hardener molecule.The effects of TETA/DGEPG,reaction temperature and reaction time on the epoxy conversion of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(DGEPG)were studied.In addition,several alternate strategies to add epoxy resin to the high-speed dispersion machine and synthesize MEA DGEBA adduct(without catalyst and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin)were compared.It was found that the higher the molecular weight of triethylenetetramine,the longer the chain segment of the surface active molecule.When the equivalence ratio of amine hydrogen and epoxy group is low,the stability of lotion is good.When the ratio of amine hydrogen to epoxy group is large,the content of triethylenetetramine is small.The main objective of this study is the provision of new data and knowledge for the development of new materials in the coating and electronic industry.

表面活性剂提高尾煤泥脱水效率的研究与应用

针对煤泥含量高、高灰细泥含量增加导致煤泥压滤系统处理能力不足等问题,新矿内蒙古能源有限责任公司洗煤分公司中心选煤厂采用表面活性剂提高细质煤泥的表面疏水性,从而降低压滤机入料时间,提高煤泥压滤系统运行效率。生产实践表明,利用表面活性剂对煤泥水进行预处理,压滤机入料时间可降低25.93%,煤泥压滤系统处理能力可提高30.56 t/h。