An Extension of One-Period Nash Equilibrium Model in Non-Life Insurance Markets

This paper deals with an extension of the one-period model in non-life insurance markets (cf. [1]) by using a transition probability matrix depending on some economic factors. We introduce a multi-period model and in each period the solvency constraints will be updated. Moreover, the model has the inactive state including some uninsured population. Similar results on the existence of premium equilibrium and sensitivity analysis for this model are presented and illustrated by numerical results.

A Statistical Analysis of Intensities Estimation on the Modeling of Non-Life Insurance Claim Counting Process

This study presents an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts relating to a specified time. The objective of this study is to estimate the parameters in non-life insurance claim counting process, including the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity. We use the estimating function, the zero mean martingale (ZMM) as a procedure of parameter estimation in the insurance claim counting process. Then, Λ(t) , the compensator of is proposed for the number of claims in the time interval . We present situations through a simulation study of both processes on the time interval . Some examples of the situations in the simulation study are depicted by a sample path relating to its compensator Λ(t). In addition, an example of the claim counting process illustrates the result of the compensator estimate misspecification.

Practice Research on Futures Price Insurance of Agricultural Products in China

Since the implementation of pilot program on futures price insurance of agricultural products in 2015,it has achieved good results.This paper summarizes the practice on futures price insurance of agricultural products and brings forward the following recommendations: expanding the scale,speeding up the coming of new options and futures varieties into the market,strengthening supervision,controlling risk,and actively exploring income insurance.

A Bayesian Inference of Non-Life Insurance Based on Claim Counting Process with Periodic Claim Intensity

The aim of this study is to propose an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts related to the insurance claim counting process, including the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity and a beta-shaped intensity. The estimating function, such as the zero mean martingale (ZMM), is used as a procedure for parameter estimation of the insurance claim counting process, and the parameters of model claim intensity are estimated by the Bayesian method. Then,Λ(t), the compensator of N(t) is proposed for the number of claims in a time interval (0,t]. Given the process over the time interval (0,t]., the situations are presented through a simulation study and some examples of these situations are also depicted by a sample path relating N(t) to its compensatorΛ(t).

Financial Innovation Way of Avoiding Risk of Climate Disasters in Food Production:Weather Index Insurance

Climate change will lead to a variety of climate disasters, and climate disasters have a greater impact on China＇s food production. Weather index insurance is a new financial way to avoid risk of climate disasters effectively in China＇s food production. Firstly, the relationship between weather index insurance and food production in China was elaborated, and then the development status, advantages and disadvantages of weather index insurance in China at present were analyzed. Finally, some countermeasures against the problems of weather index insurance in China were put forward.

Feasibility Analysis of Agricultural Product Price Index Insurance Based on Pilot Cases

Agricultural product price index insurance is a kind of index insurance. It avoids defects of traditional agricultural insurance,such as moral hazards,adverse selection,and high management cost. On the basis of studying agricultural product price index insurance of all areas of China,this paper analyzed characteristics of agricultural product price index insurance from object selection,product object,premium design,and policy support,and discussed feasibility of extending agricultural product price index insurance in an all-round way.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic

The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance Market as in the Slovak Republic

The insurance industry in the Slovak Republic has become an important dynamically developing area of economy.Insurance affects all the activities into the national economy,touching every company,business,citizen,society,and foreign countries.The Slovak insurance market is developed.As at 31.12.2017,there operated 21 commercial insurance companies on the Slovak commercial insurance market.The evolution of the market in life insurance in recent years is more dynamic than in the non-life insurance.

Investigation and Solutions of Rural Micro Insurance——A Case of Hebei Province

On the strength of investigation,the status quo of rural micro insurance of Hebei Province is introduced.The results show that it is characterized by the following features:rapid development;continuously increased experimental types and experimental areas;increasingly improved ability of serving the economic and social development;the combination of micro insurance and small loan has achieved success.Based on the efforts of analyzing the questionnaires,the following problems of the development of rural small loan are detected.For instance,the inadequate promotion on micro insurance;peasants' weak awareness of insurance;unclear understanding of the functions of micro insurance;unitary marketing channel of micro insurance;complex reasons of peasants' unwillingness to buy micro insurance and the poor service quality of insurance company.In view of these problems,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,which include strengthening the promotion on micro insurance,improving peasants' awareness of insurance;expanding the marketing channel and innovating operation mode;innovating the products of micro insurance and encouraging technological innovation;improving the quality of service and establishing the excellent image of insurance company;strengthening the support from government and assisting peasants to insure.

The Plights and Countermeasures in the Implementation of Distinctive Agriculture Insurance of Hebei Province

The feasibility of implementing distinctive agriculture insurance in Hebei Province is analyzed from the following aspects covering the support of policies and laws;agricultural products and brands with Hebei distinct;the rich experience of insurance companies;farmers' strong awareness on insurance and farmers' great demand on agricultural insurance.The plights faced by distinctive agricultural insurance are pointed out.It includes weak awareness of farmers on buying insurance;low enthusiasm of insurance company;poor support from the government and backward laws and regulations and so on.The countermeasures on developing distinctive agricultural insurance are put forward.The countermeasures on improving farmers' awareness on buying insurance;innovating the insurance products and services;increasing the support from the government;perfecting the legislation on agricultural insurance should be adopted to develop agricultural insurance.

保险创新服务新质生产力发展:风险特征、实现路径与对策建议

服务新质生产力发展是新时期保险创新的出发点和落脚点。保险创新主要通过科技保险、绿色保险、数字保险和保险资金运用四条路径服务新质生产力发展,且这四条路径已在宁波保险创新实验区科技攻关保险、粤港澳大湾区环境污染责任保险、人保资本设立科技保险创业投资基金等实例中得到初步印证。但是,保险创新服务新质生产力发展仍存在一些制约因素,需要完善监管与支持政策,开发和丰富产品体系,探索构建“保险元宇宙”生态,优化保险资金配置结构,以期进一步推动保险业守正创新,为新质生产力发展提供有力保障和强劲支撑。

农业保险、农业规模化经营与农业绿色生产

为探讨农业保险、农业规模化经营与农业绿色生产之间的关系,本文首先构建一个包含农业保险、农业规模化经营与农业绿色生产的C-D生产函数与理论分析框架,系统分析农业保险推动农业规模化经营从而实现农业绿色生产的作用机制;其次基于2007—2021年省级面板数据,采取混合回归与固定效应模型,实证考察农业保险的风险分散效应与农业规模化经营、技术效应与农业绿色生产的作用机制。研究表明:农业保险的政策性刺激农户参保,通过其保障性强化风险分散效应,推动农业规模化经营,并通过技术效应助推农业绿色生产。农业保险可以通过农业规模化经营助推农业绿色生产,因农业规模化经营中机械化水平不同农业保险对农业绿色生产的效果存在差异;进一步研究发现,相比于农作物种植面积多的地区,农业保险助推农业绿色生产的效果在农作物种植面积少的地区更好;在机械化水平高的地区,农业保险助推农业绿色生产效果更明显。

农业保险对农户种植业收入的影响研究——基于中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据的实证分析

基于2020年中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据,采用中介效应及门槛效应模型,实证考察农户购买农业保险对其自身种植业收入的影响。研究结果显示:第一,农业保险能够增加农户种植业收入,其增收效应通过种植规模的扩大得以实现,且在影响过程中存在遮掩效应。第二,农业保险的增收效应存在三重门槛,即农业保险、种植业规模与农户种植业收入之间存在非线性关系,当农户种植面积达到一定规模后,农业保险的增收效果显著提升。这有利于各级政府规范农村土地流转制度,鼓励农户通过土地流转合理规划种植规模,并推行差异化农业保险政策,同时为保险机构完善农业保险服务体系、扩大保障范围、丰富农业保险种类提供新的经验证据。

中国科技金融发展现状、问题及对策建议——以四川为例

2023年10月底召开的中央金融工作会议提出“加快建设金融强国”。金融强国是新时代习近平总书记为我国金融行业发展作出的重要谋划,而科技金融作为金融供给侧结构性改革的重要发力方向,是服务高质量发展的“五篇大文章”之首。本文从我国科技金融的发展脉络和底层逻辑出发,梳理我国科技金融发展体系,结合四川科技金融发展实践剖析我国科技金融发展难点,在借鉴国外发展科技金融先进经验的基础上,提出我国发展科技金融的政策建议,助力新质生产力加快形成,推动高质量发展。

新型农业保险政策激励粮食生产:逻辑、问题与路径

新型农业保险政策激励粮食生产是现阶段我国确保粮食安全的重要手段。从制度变迁来看,政府职能从“越位”到“缺位”再到“归位”;从内在逻辑来看,新型农业保险政策激励粮食生产蕴含了深刻的经济逻辑、社会逻辑及制度逻辑;从面临问题来看,新型农业保险政策激励粮食生产还存在政府引导不到位与市场主体运行不规范并存、短期效应较为明显但实现长期目标任务艰巨、三大主粮部分险种有待推进与其他粮食作物保险亟待开发等突出问题。因此,要进一步发挥政府调控作用与市场机制在资源配置中的决定性作用,明确粮食作物保险发展目标及完善支持政策,优化粮食作物保险的供给方式并提升服务能力。

基于多源数据的全国三大主粮生产风险评估研究

【目的】“一省、一作物、一费率”的粗放式定价模式带来逆选择、道德风险、经营乱象等问题,严重制约我国农业保险的健康可持续发展。费率定价离不开风险评估,开展全国三大主粮生产风险评估、制作风险地图,为实现我国主粮保险费率精准化、推进主粮保险高质量发展提供依据。【方法】围绕我国三大主粮作物(水稻、小麦、玉米),收集整理长时间序列的三大风险数据源(单产、灾情和保险数据),以单产数据为核心,结合灾情数据和保险数据,开展基于多源数据的风险评估建模,通过县级风险的低估调整和省级风险的秩相关调整,计算全国三大主粮省级和县级的纯风险损失率,采用分位数法开展全国三大主粮风险分区,制作风险地图。【结果】省级风险的秩相关调整以灾情风险结果为主,保险风险结果为次。经调整,水稻秩相关系数由0.610提升到0.766,小麦由0.547提升到0.748,玉米由0.576提升到0.760。调整后,全国三大主粮平均的风险低估系数为20%—40%,说明全国范围内利用县域单产开展风险评估的平均低估程度在2—4成,玉米低估系数要高于水稻和小麦。从省级尺度上看,黑龙江三大主粮生产风险均处于极高水平,内蒙古水稻、小麦,吉林和辽宁水稻、玉米生产风险处于极高水平,山西小麦生产风险处于极高水平;从县级尺度上看,水稻生产的极高风险(纯风险损失率>4.4%)主要集中在东北三省绝大部分种植县域、内蒙古东北部与东北三省接壤的种植县域。小麦生产的极高风险(纯风险损失率>6.3%)主要集中在内蒙古绝大部分种植县域。玉米生产的极高风险(纯风险损失率>6.9%)主要集中在内蒙古与东北三省、山西和陕西接壤的种植县域,辽宁、安徽、江西的大部分种植县域。从全国833个产粮大县上看,玉米极高和高风险县域数量占比最高(28.1%),水稻次之(25.1%),小麦最低(17.2%),说明玉米整体风险水平较高,小麦最低。【结论】研究揭示了我国三大主粮作物生产风险大小与空间差异。从全国平均水平上看,玉米风险最大(平均纯风险损失率为5.0%)、小麦次之(3.1%)、水稻最小(2.6%);从空间差异上看,东北和中南地区水稻风险较高,华北和华东地区小麦风险较高,华北、东北和华东地区玉米风险较高。水稻、小麦和玉米其他级别风险的空间差异特征也不一致。

数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响研究

发展现代设施农业是突破资源环境约束、满足食物消费升级、培育农业新质生产力的关键抓手,是农业高质量发展和供给侧结构性改革的必由之路。然而,已有文献针对数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的研究关注较少。论文基于要素市场和产品市场双向分析视角出发,建立了区域经济体农业生产经营投资收益模型,理论剖析了数字普惠金融对现代设施农业发展的影响,并运用县域层面统计数据进行了实证检验;且进一步结合实践场景,阐释了数字普惠金融支持现代设施农业发展的赋能机制。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够有效促进现代设施农业优化发展;县域普惠金融市场发育显著带动了该地区设施农业建设面积增长,且受到当地财政预算投入的正向调节;数字普惠金融能够基于数字授信、专项基金、市场撮合、“保险+期货”等金融工具和服务创新,打造融资拓宽机制、回报激励机制、服务优化机制和市场稳定机制,支持现代设施农业可持续发展。基于此,文末提出创新金融服务结构、强化金融科技工具应用、以财政投入引导金融社会资本注入、立足产业协同视角推动现代设施农业高质量发展等政策启示。

社会保险缴费对企业新质生产力影响的研究

在当前我国经济发展的阶段性转变时期,发展企业新质生产力与实现高质量发展成为广泛关注的重要议题。基于中国2013—2022年A股上市企业的经验数据,实证检验社会保险缴费率对企业新质生产力水平的影响。结果表明,社会保险缴费率与企业新质生产力之间并非简单的线性关系,存在显著的倒“U”形趋势。机制层面,改变企业人力资本结构和调整创新投入是社会保险缴费影响企业新质生产力水平的作用路径。异质性分析发现,在劳动密集型和低资本密集度的企业中,社会保险缴费率与企业新质生产力之间的倒“U”形曲线更为陡峭,并且企业新质生产力水平会在更低的缴费率上达到峰值。研究结论为深入推进社会保障制度改革、企业加快形成新质生产力以实现高质量发展提供了新的经验证据与有益参考。

新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护:机制改造与政策调适

新业态已成为新质生产力发展的一个重要主题,但新业态下劳动者养老保险权益保护机制依然面临着政策吸引力不足和难以适应新质生产力发展的现实挑战。实施就业优先战略,强化养老保险政策对新业态的适应性与对劳动者的吸引力,是健全新业态劳动者养老权益保护机制的路径选择。为此,应将居民基本养老保险作为新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护机制改造的基础,以低准入门槛增强政策的可及性和吸引力,将“职工—居民”二元养老保险框架下的个人账户优化改造为个人工作账户,以养老保险资金的便携性适应新业态劳动者就业的流动性,有效构造“居民基本养老保险+个人工作账户”的养老保险权益保护新机制。在新机制下,通过调适参保费率、缴费基数和转移接续政策形成适配性方案,为新业态劳动者养老保险权益保护确定底线基准,平衡新业态发展壮大的正当性和劳动者权益保护的适当性,从而进一步激活和释放新质生产力。

农业保险高质量发展赋能新质生产力形成的逻辑机理、现实挑战与实践路径

在大力发展新质生产力以及推动经济社会高质量发展的政策背景下,农业保险需要通过提供更高质量的服务推动新质生产力的形成。基于农业保险高质量发展赋能新质生产力的逻辑机理,以发展新质生产力为出发点,研究农业保险高质量发展服务新质生产力的现实挑战。研究发现:新质生产力形成过程中农业保险有效需求不足、服务创新能力有待提高、运行管理机制有待完善。基于此,农业保险应通过“扩面、提标、增品”、分散风险,数智转型、持续创新,协同管理、完善政策等方面实现高质量发展,赋能新质生产力的形成。