Application Analysis of BIM Technology in Construction Engineering Cost Management

With the rapid development of information technology,Building Information Modeling(BIM)technology has gradually occupied an important position in the construction industry.With the introduction of BIM technology,the cost control of construction projects can be greatly improved[1].The use of this technology can not only reduce the project approval time but also improve the quality of the project.In addition,it can also help the construction personnel to solve the project changes,maintenance costs,insurance rates,and other related issues,so that the operation of the project is more efficient and economical.This paper will discuss the role of BIM technology in depth,and explore the advantages and disadvantages of each link through the research of the project,to provide a reference for the promotion of this new project.By constantly adjusting the application strategy,the goal is to meet the current market demand.

IMPACT OF OPERATING COSTS ON INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN NEW TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION WITH A FURTHER NEW TECHNOLOGY ANTICIPATED

The adoption of new technologies often represents a crucial component of firms＇ investment decisions. This paper studies a dynamic duopoly model in which two firms compete in adoption of current technology with a further new technology anticipated. Here it is assumed that the operating costs are not zero which has more explanatory power of the real world. There exist three kinds of equilibria that may occur in adoption of current technology, which mainly depends on the level of operating costs and the first-move advantage. It shows that the faster technological substitution or innovation encourages the leader to invest earlier while induces the follower to invest later. Furthermore,like the investment costs,with the increase of operating costs the follower tends to invest later while the leader tends to invest earlier ,the investment thresholds are more sensitive to the change of operating costs than that of investment costs.

Research on Computer Technology in Construction Cost Management

Computer technology has been comprehensively popularized in all walks of life with its continuous development. The construction cost management industry is surely no exception. To improve the application of computer technology in construction cost management industry, this thesis would respectively discuss and analyze the importance of computer technology application in construction cost management, status quo of computer technology application in construction cost management, measures of improving computer technology application in construction cost management as well as the development prospect of computer technology application in construction cost management. The author is striving to arouse the attention and exploration of relevant departments as well as practitioners in the same industry.

Reduced turnover times make flexible optical reusable scope with EndoSheath~ Technology significantly cost-effective

EndoSheath bronchoscopy（Vision Sciences,Inc.） uses a sterile,disposable microbial barrier that may meet the growing needs for safe,efficient,and cost effective flexible bronchoscopy.The purpose of this open-label comparative study was to compare and calculate the costs-per-airway-procedure of the reusable fiberscope when used with and without EndoSheath Technology;and to record the turnover time from the completion of the use of each scope until its readiness again for the next use.Seventy-five new patients’ airways requiring airway maneuvers and manipulations with Vision Sciences,Inc.,reusable fiberscope with EndoSheath Technology were evaluated for the costs comparisons with reassessed historical costs data for Olympus scope assisted tracheal intubations.As compared to costs of an intubation（$158.50） with Olympus scope at our institute,the intubation costs with Vision Sciences,Inc.,reusable fiberscope with EndoSheath technology was $81.50（P 〈 0.001）.The mean turnover time was 5.44 min with EndoSheath technology as compared to previously reported 30 min with Olympus fiberscope（P 〈 0.001）.Based on our institutional experience,Vision Sciences,Inc.,reusable fiberscope with EndoSheath technology is significantly cost effective as compared to the Olympus scope with significantly improved turnover times.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular biology technology

Objective:To present an integrated molecular biology dedicated system for tuberculosis diagnosis.Methods:One hundred and five sputum specimens from patients strongly suspected by clinical parameters of tuberculosis were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen staining,by cultivation on solid medium and by a balanced hemincsted fluorometric PCR system(Orange C3TB) that could preserve worker safety and produce a rather pure material free of potential inhibitors. DNA amplification was performed in a low cost tuberculosis termocycler-fluorotneter.Produced double stranded DNA was flurometrically detected.The whole reaction was conducted in one single tube which would not be opened after adding the processed sample in order to minimize the risk of cross contamination with amplicons.Results:The assay was able to delect 30 bacillus per sample mL with 99.8%interassay variation coefficient.PCR was positive in 23(21.9%) tested samples(21 of them were smear negative).In our study it showed a preliminary sensitivity of 94.5%for sputum and an overall specificity of 98.7%.Conclusions:Total run time of the test is 4 h with 2.5 real working time.All PCR positive samples are also positive by microbiological culture and clinical criteria.Results show that it could be a very useful tool to increase detection efficiency of tuberculosis disease in low bacilus load samples.Furthermore,its low cost and friendly using make it feasible to run in poor regions.

Low-Cost Sustainable Technologies for the Production of Clean Drinking Water—A Review

Water has always been an important and life-sustaining drink to humans and is essential to the survival of all known organisms. Over large parts of the world, humans have inadequate access to drinking water and use water contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens or unacceptable levels of toxins or suspended solids. Drinking such water or using it in food preparation leads to widespread, acute and chronic illnesses and is a major cause of death and misery in many countries. The UN estimates that over 2.0 billion people have limited access to safe water and nearly 800 million people lack even the most basic supply of clean water. The main issue is the affordability of water purifying systems. Many people rely on boiling water or bottled water, which can be expensive. Therefore, technologies that are cost effective, sustainable, ease of operation/maintenance and the treatment processes with locally available materials are required. In this article, some unique low-cost sustainable technologies available/or in-use, i.e. natural filtration, riverbank filtration, biosand filtration, membrane filtration, solar water disinfection technique, biologically degradable materials such as moringa powder, scallop powder treatment, and biosand pitcher treatments have been discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Site Preparation Costs of Poplar Plantations Establishment by Various Technological Schemes

In this work, the costs for machinery and all means for site preparation of forest clearings for afforestation with intensivepoplar plantations were studied by applying various technological schemes. For this purpose, three technological schemes （TS1,TS2and TS3）, applying in Bulgaria, were studied. By applying the respective technological scheme, the site preparation was performedentirely with a milling aggregate PT-400, equipped with multifunctional forest tiller FAE-300/S. The processes of shredding stumps,mulching clearing debris and bushes, and primary tillage of the soil up to depth of 50 cm were examined. The survey was conductedin poplar clearings along the river Danube, over alluvial moderately moist soil. A new categorization of the poplar clearings isproposed depending on the operating conditions. The performance of the milling unit and the relative costs for labor, machinery andmeans for site preparation per unit area were defined. Depending on the category of poplar clearings, total cost for site preparationapplying the studied technology vary between 27.6 h/ha and 29.3 h/ha, which at current prices of 53.5 ∈/h for the operation of PT-400with FAE 300/S is between ∈1,478/ha and ∈1,569/ha. To conduct comparative analysis of the new technology and the oldtechnologies under similar operating conditions, the relatively costs for site preparation of the previously applied technologies whichuse rotary and tooth uprooter machines are defmed. According to the applied technological scheme and used machines in differentcategories, clearings costs for land preparation vary between ∈1,230/ha and ∈3,300/ha. Based on comparative analysis, it is designeda new technological scheme for afforestation with poplar plantations in riverside clearings, where by ensuring high quality work, thecosts for site preparation become lower （24.2-25.9 h/ha） and thus cost from ∈993/ha to 61,084/ha is achieved.

Effects of Information Technologies Over Decision-Making Process About Cost Controlling at Food and Beverage Departments at Five-Star Hotels

Information technologies play an important role in many business areas. One of these areas is hotel information system. Many operations, such as check-in, check-out, and food and beverage, are performed owing to information technologies. Package programs are used for managing hotel operations. Software provides reporting, filtering, remote accessing, and cost control services which are important key parameters of decision-making processes of hotel managers. Cost control is one of the most important operations in hotel management. Cost control service of package programs assists managers in monitoring overall cost and computing each department＇s partial cost and serves information to the different departments of hotels using information technologies. Cost control is important in the departments which are profitable in a hotel. Food and beverage is one of these profitable departments, which is the second profitable department in hotels. It makes profit between mostly 20% and 40%. This research aims to understand effects of information technologies during decision-making processes. The sample of study is food and beverage managers in five-star hotels in Istanbul. Questionnaire was applied to 45 participants.

Cost Deployment Tool for Technological Innovation of World Class Manufacturing

This article brings a discussion about using the Cost Deployment methodology for technological innovation in the World Class Manufacturing (WCM) systems at Fiat Group Automobiles Production System (FAPS). It aims to show how this tool acts in the technical pillars of the WCM, and its proper use as an alternative to innovate in production processes, achieving a drastic reduction in wastes and cost optimization during specific activities in production systems. The Cost Deployment builds a distinctive transversal method of WCM which helps to promote and provide extremely effectiveness in the activation of more specific methods that have been tried successfully in the Japanese manufacturing improvements. It also allows to link the operational performances, usually measured with indicators such as efficiency, providing number of defects, hours of desaturation. The used methodology was based on a literature review about the proposed topic. It ends up finding that the Cost Deployment tool is one of the most sophisticated technological innovations existing for the production systems of the World Class Manufacturing.

Technology in TESOL from A Critical Macro Perspective

There is a large amount of evidence disclosing the positives of applying new technologies in language teaching,but other scholars at the same time pinpoint the limitations of the technology’s possibility of providing cost-and time-effective lever to help students improve their language proficiency.This paper attempts to discuss the use of new technologies in teaching ESOL from a macro perspective regarding its cost-and time-effectiveness in reference to previous studies.

Digital technology,the industrial internet,and cost stickiness

The deep integration of digital technology with the real economy has reconstructed production systems.We explore the impact of digital technology on the resource allocation behavior and efficiency of manufacturing enterprises.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms over the 2010–2021 period,we find that digital technology alleviates cost stickiness,especially in enterprises with a high level of Industrial Internet platform usage.This effect occurs by optimizing the labor force structure and improving the economic benefits of labor capital investment.Heterogeneity analysis shows that this effect is pronounced in enterprises with high levels of labor intensity and business complexity.Our findings shed new light on the consequences and mechanism of enterprise cost optimization that is driven by technologydriven reforms.

考虑价格因素的中国全要素生产率计算及其影响因素分析——基于Global Cost Malmquist和Tobit模型的实证研究

本文将价格因素引入模型中,基于Global Cost Malmquist指数模型估算全要素生产率,基于全要素生产率分解进一步分析我国的资源错配状况及其来源,并采用Tobit模型对全要素生产率尤其是价格效应的影响因素进行实证分析,研究结果表明:现阶段我国全要素生产率增长存在高估问题,技术进步对我国全要素生产率的正向促进作用日趋显著,由价格扭曲导致的资源错配是现阶段抑制我国全要素生产率进一步提高的主要因素,同时技术进步和价格扭曲加剧了地区全要素生产率差异;对外直接投资、出口贸易和金融发展提高了全要素生产率增长,改善了资源错配,而市场分割和工业占比则起到抑制作用;东部和西部地区的对外直接投资、中部地区的出口贸易以及西部地区的金融发展水平会显著改善地区价格扭曲程度。基于以上研究,提出加快资源配置市场化改革、培育开放的市场化动力、激发金融市场活力、优化产业结构等政策启示。

An Overview of Performance Characteristics, Experiencesand Trends of Aerospace Engine Bearings Technologies

In this paper, the operating conditions, technical requirements, performance characteristics, design ideas, application experiences and development trends of aerospace engine bearings, including material technology, integration design and reliability, are reviewed. The development history of aerospace engine bearing is recalled briefly at first. Then today＇s material technologies and the high bearing performances of the bearings obtained through the new materials are introduced, which play important roils in the aeroengine bearing developments. The integration design ideas and practices are explained to indicate its significant advantages and importance to the aerospace engine bearings. And the reliability of the shaft-bearing system is pointed out and treated as the key requirement with goals for both engine and bearing. Finally, as it is believed that the correct design comes from practice, the pre-qualification rig testing conducted by FAG Aerospace GmbH ＆ Co. KG is briefly illustrated as an example. All these lead to the development trends of aerospace engine bearings from different aspects.

Molten Salts and Applications Ⅰ: Molten Salt History, Types, Thermodynamic and Physical Properties, and Cost

Excess energy from solar, nuclear or coal power stations can be stored in molten salts (MS) in the 565 °C range. At elevated temperature, large containers can be used to store energy for up to a week and generate eight hours or more, depending on the container size, of electricity to be used at night or during peak demand hours. A stable diurnal energy supply is made available by energy storage and the fluctuation experienced at thermal solar power stations caused by weather conditions is reduced. Supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), this paper presents a survey of molten salt properties used in solar power storage, as well as the history of molten salt usage for energy storage and production. The history of molten salt usage includes past, current, and future developments involving molten salt usage for nuclear and solar energy storage and production. Density, melting temperature, viscosity, electric conductivity, surface tension, and heat capacity of various molten salts are discussed. Since costs are important factor in selecting a molten salt compound, salts costs are presented. Recommendations are made regarding the efficient use of various types of molten salt.

The Development of the Renewable Energy Technologies in Spain

This article examines the development of the four main renewable energy technologies (RET) in Spain in the latest years: biomass, small hydro (SH), solar photovoltaic (solar PV) and wind. It has been studied the variation of the work-ing time per MW installed available from the on line data base of Spanish National Commission on Energy (SNCE), in the national context and in each of the Autonomic Communities (AACC). We have also obtained the marginal cost curve of the global RE. The main conclusions of the study are that Spain is effective meeting the RE generation target but not efficient in costs and in short term it is not any RETs that can achieve competitive price comparing to the elec-trical market.

The Development of Costing Systems： A Historical Perspective

The paper studies the historical development of costing systems. The changes of costing systems are proposed to be caused by the changes in product market, production technology and demand for control. The result of this research provides historical evidence to support the proposition.

农产品加工企业市场势力与技术创新

农产品加工企业创新是乡村产业高质量发展的重要驱动,但鲜有文献从市场势力视角研究农产品加工企业创新激励。为此,基于创新决策模型解释企业市场势力对技术创新的影响及机制,并采用2008—2021年农产品加工业上市公司数据,运用DLW市场势力测度方法,建立动态面板模型进行实证检验。结果显示:第一,市场势力对农产品加工企业技术创新存在显著促进作用,在使用Bartik工具变量和2SLS方法处理内生性后,该促进作用依然显著;第二,市场势力通过溢价效应和成本效应等机制共同推动农产品加工企业技术创新;第三,市场势力对技术创新的促进作用随着城市交通便利度、企业产权属性等不同呈现出异质性特征。需要从培育领军企业、加强交通基础设施建设、发挥国有企业创新引领作用等方面制定相关政策,以促进农产品加工企业创新,从而助推乡村产业高质量发展。

数字普惠金融对中小企业技术创新的影响及传导路径研究

数字普惠金融对促进中小企业技术创新、推动中国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于2016—2020年新三板企业面板数据,运用固定效应模型和中介效应模型,实证检验数字普惠金融对中小企业技术创新的影响及其传导路径。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融对中小企业技术创新有显著促进作用,且该结果具有稳健性,数字普惠金融可以通过减少企业融资费用、降低信息不对称来促进中小企业技术创新;进一步分析显示,数字普惠金融数字化程度提升对中小企业技术创新促进效果更明显,数字普惠金融对中小企业技术创新的促进作用在非东部地区和“专精特新”企业中效果更明显。本文拓展了数字普惠金融对中小企业技术创新影响的传导路径研究与异质性分析,为进一步提高数字普惠金融政策实施精准度和有效性提供了重要依据。

Research on BIM Course System and Ideological and Political Essentials of Cost Engineering Major

The era of information technology has dawned on the construction industry,and Building Information Modeling(BIM)is one of the necessary engineering skills for those engaged in civil engineering professions at present and those who will engage in these professions in the future.Therefore,top universities have begun exploring ways to increase BIM-related teaching content in the curriculum system.In this paper,we discuss the integration of BIM in an in-depth manner with regard to the four course modules offered by cost engineering majors(professional foundation course,professional core course,industry-oriented course,and professional practical course)and analyze the construction of BIM curriculum ideology and politics system,the setting of teaching objectives,and the key points of curriculum ideology and politics.

数字出版供应链下区块链投资与版权保护策略

区块链技术的可追溯性、安全性以及不可篡改性可以解决数字内容产品的盗版问题。以此为背景,构建由出版商、销售平台以及消费者构成的数字出版供应链,探讨在传统版权保护和区块链下的版权保护两种版权保护模式中的出版商最优定价和平台最优版权保护强度的决策问题,并比较了供应链绩效。研究发现,区块链下的版权保护模式中平台实施严格的版权保护强度,进而提高正版产品的吸引力,需求上升弥补了传统版权保护下出版商通过降价提高需求造成的利润损失。但是,平台只有在区块链投资成本较低时才愿意投资区块链,无法实现供应链的收益最大化。针对这一问题,通过设计契约提高了平台投资区块链的动机。最后,研究了平台投资区块链对购买正版产品消费者的消费者剩余以及社会福利,发现投资区块链可以提高社会福利,但在一定程度上会损害正版产品的消费者剩余。