Comparative efficacy of oral glucose solution versus non-nutritive sucking for pain relief in neonates during nociceptive procedures： a systematic review

Background and aims： The comparative efficacy of glucose solution （GS） versus non-nutritive sucking （NNS） for pain re- lief in neonate remains controversial. This systematic review was consequently performed to objectively investigate the analgesic effect of Oral GS related to NNS in newborns during nociceptive procedures. Methods： All potential records were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to capture the randomized controlled trials comparing GS with NNS in terms of pain scores in neonates through January 2017. Two independent investigators screened the identified articles, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. All statistical analyses were completed by using Review Manager （RevMan） version 5.3.0. Results： Four studies, involving 248 neonates, were incorporated into these statistical analyses. For reducing pain scores, no statistical difference was detected when GS compared to NNS （4 trials; mean difference [MD], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.77 to 2.27; P = 0.33）. Conclusion： Both the GS and NNS reduced the pain scores in neonates who undergoing Hepatitis B vaccination and venipuncture, but the NNS is more convenience than GS to some extent. Considered the limited evidences, more randomized controlled trials with high-quality, large-scale and appropriate measures time are warranted to further establish the comparative efficacy of these two options.

Using quality improvement methods to increase use of pain prevention strategies for childhood vaccination

AIM To increase evidence-based pain prevention strategy use during routine vaccinations in a pediatric primary care clinic using quality improvement methodology.METHODS Specific intervention strategies(i.e.,comfort positioning,nonnutritive sucking and sucrose analgesia,distraction) were identified,selected and introduced in three waves,using a Plan-Do-Study-Act framework.System-wide change was measured from baseline to post-intervention by:(1) percent of vaccination visits during which an evidence-based pain prevention strategy was reported as being used; and(2) caregiver satisfaction ratings following the visit.Additionally,self-reported staff and caregiver attitudes and beliefs about pain prevention were measured at baseline and 1-year post-intervention to assess for possible long-term cultural shifts.RESULTS Significant improvements were noted post-intervention.Use of at least one pain prevention strategy was documented at 99% of patient visits and 94% of caregivers were satisfied or very satisfied with the pain prevention care received.Parents/caregivers reported greater satisfaction with the specific pain prevention strategy used [t(143) = 2.50,P ≤ 0.05],as well as greater agreement that the pain prevention strategies used helped their children's pain [t(180) = 2.17,P ≤ 0.05] and that they would be willing to use the same strategy again in the future [t(179) = 3.26,P ≤ 0.001] as compared to baseline.Staff and caregivers also demonstrated a shift in attitudes from baseline to 1-year post-intervention.Specifically,staff reported greater agreement that the pain felt from vaccinations can result in harmful effects [2.47 vs 3.10; t(70) =-2.11,P ≤ 0.05],less agreement that pain from vaccinations is "just part of the process" [3.94 vs 3.23; t(70) = 2.61,P ≤ 0.05],and less agreement that parents expect their children to experience pain during vaccinations [4.81 vs 4.38; t(69) = 2.24,P ≤ 0.05].Parents/caregivers reported more favorable attitudes about pain prevention strategies for vaccinations across a variety of areas,including safety,cost,time,and effectiveness,as well as less concern about the pain their children experience with vaccination [4.08 vs 3.26; t(557) = 6.38,P ≤ 0.001],less need for additional pain prevention strategies [3.33 vs 2.81; t(476) = 4.51,P ≤ 0.001],and greater agreement that their doctors' office currently offers pain prevention for vaccinations [3.40 vs 3.75; t(433) =-2.39,P ≤ 0.05].CONCLUSION Quality improvement methodology can be used to help close the gap in implementing pain prevention strategies during routine vaccination procedures for children.

Recent Research Interests on Monogastric Nutrition in China

In recent years research interest of Chinese nutritionists has been switched to dietary application of β-agomists, feeding enzymes, antibiotics, probiotics, organic arsenic acids, high closes of copper and zinc, Chinese herbs and microelement Ccelates in monogastric Aninak. The Publications in this area were briefly reviewed for tle provsion of refferences to those who are working in this field.