Application and optimization design of non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator in viaduct structure-borne noise reduction

The problems associated with vibrations of viaducts and low-frequency structural noise radiation caused by train excitation continue to increase in importance.A new floating-slab track vibration isolator-non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator is proposed herein,which uses the particle damping vibration absorption technology and bandgap vibration control theory.The vibration reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVI was analyzed from the perspective of vibration control.The paper explores the structure-borne noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs installed on different bridge structures under varying service conditions encountered in practical engineering applications.The load transferred to the bridge is obtained from a coupled train-FST-bridge analytical model considering the different structural parameters of bridges.The vibration responses are obtained using the finite element method,while the structural noise radiation is simulated using the frequency-domain boundary element method.Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,the parameters of the NOPD-PCVI are optimized so that its frequency bandgap matches the dominant bridge structural noise frequency range.The noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs is compared to the steel-spring isolation under different service conditions.

Influence of B4C particle size on microstructure and damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites

To study the influence of B4C particle size on the microstructure and damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites,in situ reactive infiltration technique was utilized to prepare Mg-matrix composites.The microstructure,produced phases and damping capacities of the composites prepared with different particle size of B4C were characterized and analyzed.The results show that the reaction between B4C and Ti tends to be more complete when finer B_(4)C particle was used to prepare the composites.But the microstructure of the as-prepared composites is more homogenous when B4C and Ti have similar particle size.The strain-dependent damping capacities of(B_(4)C+Ti)/Mg composites improve gradually with the increase of strain amplitude,and composites prepared with coarser B4C particles tend to have higher damping capacities.The temperature-dependent damping capacities improve with increasing the measuring temperatures,and the kind of damping capacities of the composites prepared with 5mm B4C are inferior to those of coarser particles.The dominant damping mechanism for the strain-damping capacity is dislocation damping and plastic zone damping,while that for the temperature-damping capacity is interface damping or grain boundary damping.

Damping Controller Based Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for VSC HVDC to Improve Power System Stability

The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.

Coordination of Synergetic Excitation Controller and SVC Damping Controller Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper addresses the enhancement of power system stability by simultaneous tuning of synergetic excitation damping controller and SVC （static var compensator）-based damping controllers. Each machine or generator is considered as a subsystem and its interaction with the remaining part of the system, the SVC inclusive, is modeled as a quadratic function of the active power delivered by the generator. Stable manifold is constructed for each excitation controller and based on that, an effective damping controller is derived. A lead-lag compensator is employed as a supplementary controller for the SVC. PSO （particle swarm optimization） algorithm is effectively utilized to simultaneously tune the parameters for the excitation damping controller（s） and the SVC supplementary controller. The coordination of the controllers effectively dampens the power angle oscillation and regulates the generator terminal voltage when a fault occurs. Simulation results are obtained by using the PAT （power analysis toolbox） for a SMIB （single machine infinite bus） system and a two area power system.

Effect of kappa distribution on the damping rate of the obliquely propagating magnetosonic mode

Data from spacecrafts suggest that space plasma has an abundance of suprathermal particles which are controlled by the spectral index κ when modeled on kappa particle velocity distribution. In this paper, considering homogeneous plasma, the effect of integer values of κ on the damping rate of an obliquely propagating magnetosonic（MS） wave is studied. The frequency of the MS wave is assumed to be less than ion cyclotron frequency, i.e.,iw（28）w. Under this assumption, the dispersion relation is investigated both numerically and analytically, and it is found that the real frequency of the wave is not a sensitive function of κ, but the imaginary part of the frequency is. It is also shown that for those values of κ where a large number of resonant particles participate in wave–particle interaction, the wave is heavily damped, as expected. The possible application of the results to the solar wind is discussed.

Nonlinear Landau damping of high frequency waves in non-Maxwellian plasmas

Space plasmas often possess non-Maxwellian distribution functions which have a significant effect on the plasma waves. When a laser or electron beam passes through a dense plasma, hot low density electron populations can be generated to alter the wave damping/growth rate. In this paper, we present theoretical analysis of the nonlinear Landau damping for Langmuir waves in a plasma where two electron populations are found. The results show a marked difference between the Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian instantaneous damping rates when we employ a non-Maxwellian distribution function called the generalized （r, q） distribution function, which is the generalized form of the kappa and Maxwellian distribution functions. In the limiting case of r = 0 and q→∞, it reduces to the classical Maxwellian distribution function, and when r = 0 and q→k ＋1, it reduces to the kappa distribution function.

考虑水化期影响的橡胶-钢渣填料动力特性与微观分析

废弃钢渣和轮胎是两大工业固体废弃物,用废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒作为质地较重的钢渣的改轻材料,将橡胶-钢渣混合填料用来代替日渐干涸的砂石料,十分符合国家的节能环保政策。因为钢渣的物理力学特征具有时效特性,为了研究橡胶-钢渣填料考虑时间效应的动力特性,采用共振柱试验研究考虑水化期、橡胶颗粒含量和橡胶颗粒粒径对橡胶-钢渣填料的动剪切模量、阻尼等动力特性的变化规律;基于Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型建立橡胶-钢渣填料养护后的动力特性模型,以Botlzman函数描述最大动剪切模量变化规律以及最大阻尼比的参考范围,得出橡胶掺入比为5%的橡胶-钢渣填料动剪切模量最大,且密度改善明显;掺入的橡胶颗粒粒径较小时有助于提高水化潜力,掺入的橡胶颗粒粒径较大时提高水化潜力不大,橡胶-钢渣填料最佳配比为橡胶颗粒粒径为0~1 mm,橡胶颗粒含量为5%。与传统砂土动力特性进行对比,得出橡胶-钢渣填料水化前动剪切模量略高于传统细砂水平,水化90d后动剪切模量接近为哈尔滨中砂水平,略低于福建标准砂,相应的工程条件下可以用其作为一种填料代替砂土。通过微观电子显微镜对橡胶-钢渣填料颗粒进行微观试验,发现橡胶-钢渣填料的水化反应可分为潜伏、诱导、侵蚀、加速和放缓5个阶段,掺入橡胶颗粒使得水化反应具有滞后性,其中期结构形式改变,但并不影响水化产物的变化。

橡胶砾石级配对筋土界面循环剪切特性的影响

橡胶砾石作为基础填料,具有低剪切刚度、高阻尼比的特性。为了研究土工格栅-橡胶砾石的循环剪切特性,利用室内动态直剪仪进行了一系列直剪试验,分析了4种橡胶砾石颗粒级配(级配不良GR1、GR4,级配良好GR2、GR3)、3种橡胶配比(10%、30%、60%)、3种竖向应力(30、60、90 kPa)下土工格栅-橡胶砾石界面的剪应力-剪切位移关系和体变特性。试验结果表明:在循环剪切过程中,各橡胶砾石级配均表现出剪切硬化的特点,但其抗剪强度与纯砾石相比均出现不同程度的降低;橡胶砾石抗剪强度随着竖向应力的增加而增大,4种级配土中GR2表现出最高的抗剪强度,但相较于纯砾石其抗剪强度约下降9%;界面最大竖向位移与竖向应力和橡胶含量成正相关,2种连续级配土GR2和GR3的界面竖向位移较小;在同一颗粒级配下,剪切频率和剪切位移幅值越大,混合土界面峰值剪应力越大;筋土界面剪切刚度随着循环次数的增加而增大,随着橡胶含量的增大而减小,而阻尼比与剪切刚度呈相反的规律。

颗粒阻尼在浮筏隔振系统中的减振特性研究

在船载和舰载机械设备的隔振工程实践中,浮筏系统作为一种高效被动振动控制措施得到广泛应用。为进一步提高浮筏隔振系统的减振效果,以一低内阻浮筏隔振系统为研究对象,采用子结构导纳法建立其动力学方程。设计由厚壁铝壳和不同粒径钢珠构成的颗粒阻尼器,将其安装于浮筏隔振系统的上平台或下平台。使用激振器对浮筏隔振系统进行扫频激励,通过对比安装有等质量的颗粒阻尼器和配重的隔振系统振级落差,定义颗粒阻尼器的替代损失和平均替代损失,通过该指标研究颗粒阻尼安装位置、粒径、填充率、表面粗糙度等对隔振性能的影响,并对颗粒阻尼器减振效果进行评估。研究表明,在浮筏隔振系统中颗粒阻尼器在较宽频段上都能起到良好减振效果,颗粒阻尼器平均替代损失大约能够达到4dB。

非堆积型多颗粒阻尼器等效力学模型及其减振性能分析

为考虑颗粒群碰撞过程中时间效应对非堆积型多颗粒阻尼器(non-packed particle damper, NPPD)减振性能的影响,在现有考虑惯容的等效单颗粒力学模型(equivalent inertia single-particle model, EISM)研究基础上,提出了基于接触单元法的等效单颗粒力学模型(equivalent inertia single-particle model based on contact element method, EISM-CE),并基于Runge-Kutta算法建立了NPPD单自由度结构运动状态求解算法。设计进行附加NPPD单层钢框架结构振动台试验,探究不同填充率对结构顶层位移频响曲线的影响规律,提出了EISM-CE参数取值原则,进而进行力学模型试验验证及模型对比分析。在模型验证合理性基础上,基于EISM-CE依次进行了自由振动、简谐激励及记录强震动下减振性能及能量变化规律分析。研究结果表明,与现有EISM相比,提出的基于接触单元法的EISM-CE模型及参数取值原则更加合理有效。减振性能数值分析结果表明,不同激励下NPPD均具有较好的减振性能;考虑碰撞时间效应后EISM-CE与EISM对应减振性能及机理分析结果存在一定的差异。

PSO算法下GP-周期随机共振的微弱OFDM信号检测

为了解决传统随机共振系统在微弱正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)信号解调应用中存在的人工选择参数困难、解调效果差的问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PWO)算法的GP(Gaussian Potential)-周期随机共振系统的微弱OFDM信号检测方法。该方法利用GP-周期随机系统对OFDM信号经正交变换后的两路高频信号分别进行随机共振,同时运用阻尼参数与信号频率之间的关系对两路信号进行降频处理,使得上下两路信号都能够发生随机共振;然后使用PWO算法对随机共振的系统参数进行优化处理,以使得上下两路信号达到最优的共振效果;最后,将上下两路共振之后的信号合成完成OFDM信号解调,得到最终的数字序列。本文探讨了优化前后GP-周期随机共振系统的共振效果,研究了优化前后GP-周期随机共振诱导下的OFDM系统星座图的聚集程度以及误码率情况,对比分析了经典双稳随机共振、经典三稳随机共振和所提模型对OFDM信号检测的影响。仿真结果表明:相比常用的传统随机共振模型,该方法用于OFDM信号检测的星座图中信号点的聚集程度更高,同时OFDM系统误码率在同样的信噪比下降低50%左右。

粒子阻尼悬臂管道减振特性试验研究与仿真分析

粒子阻尼技术是一种被动减振降噪技术,已成功应用于多个领域。以附加在悬臂管道上的粒子阻尼为研究对象,试验验证粒子阻尼器对悬臂管道振动的减振能力,同时仿真模拟研究不同粒子阻尼器参数对悬臂管道的减振特性影响。结果说明粒子阻尼器对悬臂管道有显著减振效果。试验结果与仿真结果相吻合,使算法的有效性得到验证;该研究可为管道减振措施提供重要参考。

基于改进粒子群算法的阻尼惯量自适应控制策略

针对传统虚拟同步发电机控制策略存在暂态调节时间长及稳定性差等问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的阻尼惯量自适应控制策略。首先,通过分析系统受扰动后功角特性,提出阻尼惯量自适应控制策略;然后,利用改进粒子群算法选择控制策略初始值,给出关键参数的选取原则及具体范围;最后,通过与现有控制策略进行对比,分析不同惯量及阻尼下对系统影响并验证控制策略的优越性。结果表明,该策略可有效提高系统稳定性及动态响应性能。

阻尼减振技术在推进轴系试验中的应用分析

推进器转子的激励力会通过轴系及艇体产生辐射噪声。阻尼减振是系统振动控制与优化中的一种重要手段,其本质是消耗振源传递的能量,进而降低结构振动响应。搭建轴系试验台架,以轴系振动加速度总值级为评价指标,分析加装颗粒阻尼吸振器和换装具有黏弹特性的高锰基合金材料基座的减振效果。试验结果表明这两种基于阻尼的减振方案对推进轴系均有一定的减振效果,可为推进器振动噪声控制提供技术支撑。

微耕机扶手架颗粒阻尼吸振器设计及试验研究

微耕机是我国丘陵山地广泛采用的农机具,耕作过程中手把处产生的剧烈振动危害了操作者的健康。该研究以IWGQ4-70型微耕机为研究对象,提出了一种适用于微耕机扶手架的颗粒阻尼吸振器设计方法,运用有限元法探究了扶手架的振动特性,运用离散元法分析了颗粒阻尼吸振器的能量耗散机理,设计并搭建试验平台验证了仿真结果的正确性,优选了影响颗粒阻尼吸振器减振性能的颗粒材料、粒径、填充率等参数,进行了实际工况试验验证。结果表明,试验和仿真对应较好,优化方案取得预期效果,颗粒阻尼吸振器减振效果达到58.8%,减振效果明显。

橡胶颗粒及EICP技术改良黄土动力特性试验

为探究橡胶颗粒及脲酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(EICP)技术对黄土动力特性的改良效果,以西安地区黄土为研究对象,分析了仅掺橡胶颗粒和橡胶颗粒联合EICP技术两种改良方式下不同橡胶掺量、橡胶粒径及围压对改良土动强度、动剪切模量及阻尼比的影响,并对其加固机理做出阐述。结果表明:相比于素土,适当掺量的橡胶颗粒能有效改善土体孔隙结构,提高土体骨架,但不同粒径橡胶颗粒在土体中的分布形式及作用形式均不相同,因此两种改良方式下,试样动强度随橡胶掺量的增加先增大后减小,随橡胶粒径的增大先减小后增大,随围压的增大而增大;动强度峰值所对应的橡胶掺量为7%。考虑到不同掺量及不同粒径的橡胶颗粒均对EICP技术起抑制作用,导致生成碳酸钙晶体的沉淀量及碳酸钙晶体在土体中的分布形式存在差异,因此动强度增长率随橡胶掺量的增加而减小,随橡胶粒径的增大先增大后减小,且当橡胶粒径为(1,2]mm时,试样动强度增长率峰值为29.51%。橡胶颗粒及EICP技术均对黄土动力特性有较大影响,试样动剪切模量随橡胶掺量的增加而减小,随橡胶粒径的增加先减小后增大,随围压的增加而增大;动剪切模量比的变化规律可用修正的Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型较好拟合。阻尼比随橡胶掺量的增加而增大,随橡胶粒径的增大先减小后增大,随围压的增大而减小。采用橡胶颗粒及EICP联合技术对黄土进行改良时,不仅增加了黄土的动力特性,还弥补了因掺入橡胶颗粒而减少的部分抗压强度,试验结果可为黄土地区抗震性能的提高提供科学依据,同时可为废轮胎的无公害处理提供途径。

基于颗粒阻尼的柱塞泵减振研究

柱塞泵以及相关管网振动过大的问题,是困扰油田注水泵站安全生产的难题之一,极大的管道振动常常会引起管道的疲劳破裂,从而引发流体泄漏等安全事故。研究了基于颗粒阻尼的专用减振器,并基于有限元与离散元耦合分析算法,建立了颗粒阻尼技术阻尼分析模型,然后利用有限元方法,分析了增加颗粒阻尼前后的设备减振效果,并结合现场测试数据以及空间安装位置,设计了合理的阻尼减振方案,并完成了阻尼器的现场安装与调试,研究发现,增加颗粒阻尼减振后,设备的振动烈度降低57.5%以上,进出口管线降低45%以上,确保了设备的安全运行。

Preparation of NiTip/Al composites with controllable phase transformation and damping behavior by friction stir processing

The NiTip/1060Al composites were prepared using a pre-aging and friction stir method(FSP)to enhance the low-temperature damping performance of the aluminum alloy and accommodate various service temperatures.The bonding between NiTi particles and the 1060Al matrix is well established after FSP,and no new phases are formed in the composites.The phasetransformation peak temperature of NiTip/1060Al composites gradually shifts to lower temperatures with increased aging temperature of NiTi particles.At room temperature,the 550℃-NiTip/1060Al composite exhibits superior damping performance,with an internal friction value 144%higher than that of the FSP-1060Al alloy.However,at-91℃,the 650℃-NiTip/1060Al composite demonstrates better damping performance,with an internal friction value 158%higher than that of the FSP-1060Al alloy.The NiTip/1060Al composites exhibit the internal friction peak of NiTi phase-transformation in the temperature range from-91℃to 60℃.This characteristic results in significantly better damping performance compared to the FSP-1060Al alloy and other high-damping aluminum matrix composites.

橡胶颗粒改良流态粉煤灰路基隔振性能研究

为解决铁路列车运行引发的路基与地基振害问题,基于阻尼耗能原理设计一种新型橡胶颗粒改良流态粉煤灰(FAR)路基。通过室内配合比试验,制备满足工程路用性能要求的FAR路基材料;采用瞬态激振方法测试FAR路基材料的阻尼比,分析橡胶颗粒掺量对FAR路基材料阻尼特性的影响规律,揭示FAR路基的阻尼耗能机理;采用COMSOL有限元软件建立轨道-路基-地基三维耦合数值模型,对比研究普通路基与橡胶颗粒掺量为5%、10%和15%的FAR路基动应力和振动加速度的传播规律,分析验证FAR路基的隔振性能。研究结果表明:橡胶颗粒的掺入降低了FAR路基材料的强度和干密度,掺量不超过固体混合料质量的15%时,路基基本物理力学性能可满足铁路工程应用要求。橡胶颗粒的黏弹特性使FAR路基内部动应力发生损耗或衰减,路基阻尼比随橡胶颗粒掺量增加而增大,且橡胶颗粒掺量相同时,橡胶颗粒粒径越小FAR路基的阻尼比越大,推荐采用150目橡胶颗粒。相比普通路基,FAR路基基床底层、路基土体和地基土体的动应力均有减小,衰减幅值为10%~30%,可有效避免路基动弹变形、地基振陷等灾害发生;FAR路基振动主频范围内地面振动加速度级减小2~6 dB,最高达到83 dB,验证了新型FAR路基的良好隔振性能。研究结果可为铁路FAR路基的隔振设计与铁路路基的安全运营提供参考。

基于多质点智能建造对高层建筑的抗震提升分析

常规避震系统主要对建筑的质量块与阻尼器进行分析,从而忽略质量块间的相互作用。将调谐质量阻尼与多质点的智能建造技术结合,提升高层建筑混凝土结构的抗震能力,生成一种复合系统。该系统与其他3种系统进行对比,4种系统所保护建筑的自震频率分别为0.37,0.46,0.53,0.72 Hz,说明复合系统可以为建筑物的安全性提供更好的保障。系统的建筑震动下降98.7%,结果表明,提出的复合系统能有效提升高层建筑混凝土结构的抗震能力。