Effective transmittance of Fabry–Perot cavity under non-parallel beam incidence

The Fabry–Perot(FP) resonant cavity is widely used in laser and spectroscopic measurements due to its unique interference transfer function(ITF). In the ideal case of parallel incident light, the ITF of the FP resonant cavity can be expressed by the Airy function. However, in reality, it is difficult to achieve perfect parallelism with collimated beams. In this article, a theoretical model is established for non-parallel light incidence, which assumes that the non-parallel incident light is a cone-shaped beam, and the cone angle is used to quantify the non-parallelism of the beam. The transmittance function of the FP resonant cavity under non-parallel light incidence is derived. The accuracy of the model is experimentally verified. Based on this model, the effects of divergence angle, tilt angle and FP cavity parameters(reflectivity, cavity length)on the ITF are studied. The reasons for the decrease in peak value, broadening and asymmetry of the interference peak under non-parallel light incidence are explained. It is suggested that a fine balance between the interference peak and the collimation effect of the incident light should be considered in the design and application of FP resonant cavities, especially for tilted applications such as angle-scanned spectroscopy. The research results of this article have certain significance for the design and application of FP resonant cavities.

Experimental study on cracking behaviour of moulded gypsum containing two non-parallel overlapping flaws under uniaxial compression

Failure of rock mass that is subjected to compressive loads occurs from initiation, propagation, and linkage of new cracks from preexisting fissures. Our research investigates the cracking behaviour and coalescence process in a brittle material with two non-parallel overlapping flaws using a high-speed camera. The coalescence tensile crack and tensile wing cracks were the first cracks to occur from the preexisting flaws. The initiation stresses of the primary cracks at the two tips of each flaw were simultaneous and decreased with reduced flaw inclination angle. The following types of coalescence cracks were identified between the flaws: primary tensile coalescence crack, tensile crack linkage, shear crack linkage, mixed tensile-shear crack, and indirect crack coalescence. Coalescence through tensile linkage occurred mostly at pre-peak stress. In contrast, coalescence through shear or mixed tensile-shear cracks occurred at higher stress.Overall, this study indicates that the geometry of preexisting flaws affect crack initiation and coalescence behaviour.

Stability analysis method considering non-parallelism:EPSE method and its application

The e-N method is widely used in transition prediction. The amplitude growth rate used in the e-N method is usually provided by the linear stability theory(LST) based on the local parallel hypothesis. Considering the non-parallelism effect, the parabolized stability equation(PSE) method lacks local characteristic of stability analysis.In this paper, a local stability analysis method considering non-parallelism is proposed,termed as EPSE since it may be considered as an expansion of the PSE method. The EPSE considers variation of the shape function in the streamwise direction. Its local characteristic is convenient for stability analysis. This paper uses the EPSE in a strong non-parallel flow and mode exchange problem. The results agree well with the PSE and the direct numerical simulation(DNS). In addition, it is found that the growth rate is related to the normalized method in the non-parallel flow. Different results can be obtained using different normalized methods. Therefore, the normalized method must be consistent.

Non-parallel double-crack propagation in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression

Coalescence among fractures would have influence on the stability of rock masses. Deep understanding of mechanical behavior of fractured rock masses is an important mean to identify failure mechanism of geological disaster. In this study, crack propagation processing was studied through loading pre-fractured specimens of concrete block, termed as rock-like material, in uniaxial compression tests. New non-parallel double-crack geometry was introduced to observe crack coalescence. The flaw combinations are different from the normally used flaw configurations. In addition, ultrasonic detection tests were performed on the test blocks. The stress and strain data of these tests and characteristic parameters of sound wave were recorded. The stress-strain curves of each test block under the uniaxial compression test were drawn, relations among deformation characteristics and crack angle of the crack specimens, and their overall strength were analyzed. It is found that strength of the specimen decreases as crack inclination increases under two crack inclinations. The highest uniaxial compressive strength is found in the specimen with the cracks at the same angle in different directions. Based on description of the crack initiation location, crack surface and the ultimate failure patterns, failure modes of eight subtype for test blocks are divided into three categories. It is expected that the study results could be beneficial for engineering application of jointed rock masses.

Local receptivity in non-parallel boundary layer

The research on boundary-layer receptivity is the key issue for the laminarturbulent transition prediction in fluid mechanics. Many of the previous studies for local receptivity are on the basis of the parallel flow assumption which cannot accurately reflect the real physics. To overcome this disadvantage, local receptivity in the non-parallel boundary layer is studied in this paper by the direct numerical simulation(DNS). The difference between the non-parallel and parallel boundary layers on local receptivity is investigated. In addition, the effects of the disturbance frequency, the roughness location,and the multiple roughness elements on receptivity are also determined. Besides, the relations of receptivity with the amplitude of free-stream turbulence(FST), with the roughness height, and with the roughness length are ascertained as well. The TollmienSchlichting(T-S) wave packets are excited in the non-parallel boundary layer under the interaction of the FST and the localized wall roughness. A group of T-S waves are separated by the fast Fourier transform. The obtained results are in accordance with Dietz's measurements, Wu's theoretical calculations, and the linear stability theory(LST).

人体部位量词构式中“一”“满”不平行性的认知识解

认知主体对意象图式不同成分或关系的突显,导致“一”“满”进入构式后呈现为既相互联系又彼此区别的形式变体。联系体现为两者基于同一概括的语法义;区别体现为两者形式与语义上的不平行性。这种不平行性主要通过图式化过程的突显差异进行认知识解。“一”从整体上突显数量信息,提供概量,具体表现为极限程度的不充分性和极限程度的充分性。“满”突显充盈度的饱和,提供全量,具体表现为概括程度的充分性。

非平行双墙施工缝液压联动撑合模板的设计与施工

为解决非平行双墙施工缝支设传统做法存在的施工烦琐、材料不可周转使用且不符合绿色环保要求、施工质量不易控制的问题,创新了一种低成本、高质量、可周转、施工简便的施工方法。在结合以往施工经验的基础上,通过方案比选,最终选择借鉴雨伞撑合的方式实现模板联动撑合。介绍了撑合式模板的设计思路,并对施工关键技术进行了总结,以期为类似工程提供参考。

汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台和平板制动检验台的差异性分析

影响机动车制动率和制动不平衡率的主要因数是车轮在制动检验台上附着系数。在汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台和平板制动检验台上分别进行在用机动车5组制动率和制动不平衡率测定,比较分析检测结果。结果表明:使用汽车滚筒反力式制动检验台时,由于车轮抱死,车身后移,影响检测结果的准确性,需要在非检测车轮后放置三角木才能保证结果的准确性;使用平板制动检验台检测时,4个车轮都在检测台上,附着力比滚筒反力式汽车制动检验台高,能够仿真汽车在路面上行驶制动。由于平板制动检验台同时具有轮重和制动功能,而滚筒反力式汽车制动检验台没有轮重功能,需配置轮重台才能进行检验,所以平板制动检验台比滚筒反力式汽车制动检验台检测数据准确率更高,时间更短。

基于Lp范数的非负矩阵分解并行优化算法

非负矩阵分解算法可以从高维数据中提取出低维和稀疏的有用信息,是处理图像聚类、数据压缩和特征提取等问题的重要手段。传统非负矩阵分解算法大多采用欧几里得距离来度量重构误差,尽管其在许多任务中已经显示出有效性,但在解决实际应用问题时仍面临着聚类效果欠佳、收敛速度慢、稳定性较差等问题。为解决这些问题,文中采用Lp范数作为非负矩阵分解的损失函数,通过调节系数p来获得更好的聚类结果。基于协同优化理论和Majorization-Minimization算法,使用粒子群优化算法来并行求解基于Lp范数的非负矩阵分解问题,并在多个真实数据集上验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明所提算法明显提升了程序的执行效率且一系列评价指标均优于传统非负矩阵分解算法。

面向非易失性内存的高性能计算并行优化研究

针对非易失性内存在高性能计算运行过程中存在的内存分配不均匀问题,研究非易失性内存的高性能计算并行优化方法。结合新型高速网络RDMA和非易失性存储设备,提出分布式非易失性内存新型存储结构,加入一致性模块和本地非易失性内存管理模块,同时加强本地非易失性内存的管理;通过SPL框架进行分布式并行计算,经过数据预加载后,使用分布式独立内存分配算法优化多任务多线程的并行计算过程。实验结果表明:该方法能够使非易失性内存的数据保持一致,增强读写性能,提升工作效率;对于并行多线程任务的内存分配具有更好的扩展性,增强系统并行运算能力,同时适用性广泛。

非均匀个性化网络资源的深度并行推荐仿真

在网络资源深度推荐时,若不能及时对网络资源数据内部不完整数据展开有效清洗,会直接影响网络资源的推荐效果。因此,提出非均匀个性化网络资源深度并行推荐算法。通过获取网络资源数据,使用野值识别方法有效去除数据中的不完整数据;并对网络资源数据实施标准化处理,确定完整的网络资源数据集合;根据确定的网络资源数据计算用户直接相似度,建立用户网络图;通过对其游走确定用户间接相似度,重构用户相似度矩阵,确定推荐列表,完成算法设计。使用Spark并行计算平台辅助设计的推荐算法,确定算法实现流程,完成非均匀个性化网络资源深度并行推荐。实验结果表明,所提方法开展网络资源并行推荐时,平均绝对误差和均方根误差小,表明其推荐效果好。

Secondary steady-state and time-periodic flows from a basic flow with square array of odd number of vortices

In a magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)driven fluid cell,a plane non-parallel flow in a square domain satisfying a free-slip boundary condition is examined.The energy dissipation of the flow is controlled by the viscosity and linear friction.The latter arises from the influence of the Hartmann bottom boundary layer in a three-dimensional(3D)MHD experiment in a square bottomed cell.The basic flow in this fluid system is a square eddy flow exhibiting a network of N~2 vortices rotating alternately in clockwise and anticlockwise directions.When N is odd,the instability of the flow gives rise to secondary steady-state flows and secondary time-periodic flows,exhibiting similar characteristics to those observed when N=3.For this reason,this study focuses on the instability of the square eddy flow of nine vortices.It is shown that there exist eight bi-critical values corresponding to the existence of eight neutral eigenfunction spaces.Especially,there exist non-real neutral eigenfunctions,which produce secondary time-periodic flows exhibiting vortices merging in an oscillatory manner.This Hopf bifurcation phenomenon has not been observed in earlier investigations.

非平行壁面采场充填体三维应力分布规律研究

为研究上下盘非平行壁面倾斜采场充填体应力分布规律,选取倾斜采场中三维水平充填层作为微分计算单元,基于极限平衡法考虑其竖直方向的受力平衡,提出非平行壁面的倾斜采场充填体的三维应力解析解,并分析不同参数对应力分布规律的影响。研究结果表明:三维条件下非平行壁面倾斜采场充填体竖向应力分布形式同平面应变条件下类似,在计算深度较小时竖向应力为近线性分布,随着计算深度的增加竖向应力增加率逐渐减小,但应力数值相对平面应变条件下较低。上盘倾角一定时,下盘倾角越大则拱效应越不明显;采场高度一定时,高宽比越大,拱效应越显著。充填体—围岩界面内摩擦角对充填体内拱效应影响较大,界面黏聚力和充填体抗剪强度参数对充填体应力分布影响相对较小。研究结果可为充填体强度设计提供参考。

基于Spark的并行频繁项集挖掘算法

针对大数据环境下基于Spark的频繁模式增长(FP-Growth)算法存在创建条件频繁模式树(FP-tree)时空效率低,节点间通信开销大,以及冗余搜索等问题,提出了基于Spark的并行频繁项集挖掘算法(PAFMFI-Spark)。首先,该算法提出非负矩阵分解策略(SNMF),通过提供支持度计数查询和分解储存支持度计数的矩阵,解决了创建条件FP-tree的时空效率低的问题;其次,提出基于遗传算法的分组策略(GS-GA),均衡分配频繁1项集至各节点,解决了节点间的通信开销大的问题;最后,提出高效缩减树结构策略(ERTSS),缩减FP-tree树结构,解决了冗余搜索的问题。实验结果验证了PAFMFI-Spark算法的可行性以及相较于其他挖掘算法的性能优势,所提算法能有效适应各种数据的频繁项集挖掘。

平行流交叉口左转非机动车钩形转弯优化设计

为提升平行流交叉口的运行效率,消除左转非机动车和直行机动车冲突,将钩形转弯的概念引入到平行流交叉口设计中,给出非机动车过街控制策略,并结合机动车通行和行人过街,将其整合到一个统一的优化模型中。考虑信号相位相序、绿灯时长、周期时长、左转非机动车待行区容量、非机动车清空时长、车道平衡等约束条件,以机动车通过量最大为优化目标,建立线性规划优化模型。研究结果表明:两步过街和优化设计解决了左转非机动车安全过街问题,是平行流交叉口非机动车过街设置的有效替代设计方案;在低高两种流量场景下,相对于常规设计,两步过街分别降低了35.02%、55.52%的机动车延误,优化设计分别降低了42.71%、65.60%的机动车延误;两步过街会造成左转非机动车延误大幅增加,不适用于左转非机动车流量较高的场景;常规设计机动车最大通过量受直行机动车流量和左转非机动车流量的影响最为严重,说明消除左转非机动车和直行机动车冲突,对提升交叉口通行能力作用显著,有助于推动绿色出行发展。

一种并联机器人轨迹规划算法研究

针对并联机器人工作空间微小线段间拐角处产生的冲击与振动问题,提出一种基于笛卡尔空间与关节空间相结合的机器人联合空间轨迹规划方法。在笛卡尔空间中采用三次非均匀有理B样条曲线对机器人末端执行器复杂的加工轨迹进行插补。为解决笛卡尔空间微小线段间拐角处的切向不连续导致轨迹突变的问题,基于并联机器人逆运动学模型,将笛卡尔空间轨迹规划算法所得插补点映射到关节空间,采取五次均匀B样条曲线进行第二次轨迹插补,平滑并联机器人运动过程中加速度及加加速度突变曲线。并在动力学层面验证所提算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:联合空间轨迹规划策略能使机器人末端执行器较好地改善连续高阶曲率导数的轨迹平滑问题,提高末端跟踪精度。实验结果表明:末端跟踪误差值最大减少21.12%,力矩最大值减少11.65%。

STATCOM谐波环流与子模块电压失衡分析与平抑方法

配电网并联STATCOM机间谐波交互作用可能导致其系统运行失稳,文中从链内子模块载波的相对位置出发,分析非特征次谐波产生的根本原因,通过归纳电容吞吐有功功率变化规律,研究了谐波环流与子模块电容电压失衡之间的交互影响机理,构建了子模块电容电压均衡优化控制方法,最后搭建电平STATCOM双机仿真模型进行验证,仿真结果证明了理论分析和控制方法的正确性。

非等温平行流下吹吸式通风系统流场的数值模拟

为探究非等温平行流下吹吸式通风系统的流场与污染物扩散规律,采用CFD的方法模拟典型三维一吹一吸两侧中心对称排布的吹吸式通风系统。对比模拟结果与实验数据,得知两者的变化趋势基本吻合。研究结果表明,当流场中送风速度一定、射流与环境空气存在温差时,随着温差增大,阿基米德数增大,轴心速度快速递减;轴心温度沿着吹吸流场方向下降;涡流中心先增高后降低。污染物扩散方面,当送风温度接近环境温度时,系统吸收污染物的能力最好。当射流与环境温差一定时,流场中送风速度增大,阿基米德数减小,轴心温度先增大后减小,流场的涡流中心向上偏移程度减小。可见,增加送风速度有利于系统的污染物吸收,减少污染物逃逸。

基于微观剩余油启动条件变化规律的合理注采调控界限研究

明确微观剩余油动用机理及其启动条件的变化规律,对于指导油田开发过程中的注采调控有着重要意义。基于流体在孔喉中的物理特性和微观渗流机理,建立了非等径并联双孔渗流模型,得到了微观剩余油启动界限及变化规律;提出岩心中“孔喉动用率”这一评价指标,利用该指标建立了宏观注采井网尺度的储量动用评价方法,明确不同开发制度下剩余油重启界限及水驱动用规律,得到了油田分区块合理注采调控界限。研究表明,在并联双管模型中,驱动压力梯度0.03 MPa/m时,当两孔道半径比小于4.8,小孔道的剩余油能够动用;提高驱动压力梯度至0.09 MPa/m,临界启动时大、小孔道组合孔径比增大至6.1,孔喉动用率提高约25%。随注采压力梯度增加,井网孔喉动用率增加,动用率增压效益呈“先缓-再快-后缓”的降低规律;原油黏度从50 mPa·s增加至100 mPa·s,注采压力梯度提高的合理界限由0.025 MPa/m增加至0.06 MPa/m。

高精度星地测距的多址干扰并行对消技术

目前,在航天测控系统中广泛采用扩频体制,但随着多通道扩频技术和多站测距系统的发展,测控系统面临的测量环境越来越复杂,对伪距测量精度产生较大影响。其中,多站测距系统中存在的强信号干扰和多址干扰,会导致测距精度下降。本文提出了一种基于并行干扰对消的高精度星地测距技术,通过信号处理重构和对消接收信号中的干扰信号,得到纯净的期望信号,从而抑制码分多址带来的测量误差,以提升测量精度,并通过仿真和试验验证了算法的可行性和优越性。