Establishing and clinically validating a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer significantly impacts global health,with unplanned reoperations post-surgery being key determinants of patient outcomes.Existing predictive models for these reoperations lack precision in integrating complex clinical data.AIM To develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS Data of patients treated for colorectal cancer(n=2044)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Wenzhou Central Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into an experimental group(n=60)and a control group(n=1984)according to unplanned reoperation occurrence.Patients were also divided into a training group and a validation group(7:3 ratio).We used three different machine learning methods to screen characteristic variables.A nomogram was created based on multifactor logistic regression,and the model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve,calibration curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow test,and decision curve analysis.The risk scores of the two groups were calculated and compared to validate the model.RESULTS More patients in the experimental group were≥60 years old,male,and had a history of hypertension,laparotomy,and hypoproteinemia,compared to the control group.Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the following as independent risk factors for unplanned reoperation(P<0.05):Prognostic Nutritional Index value,history of laparotomy,hypertension,or stroke,hypoproteinemia,age,tumor-node-metastasis staging,surgical time,gender,and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the model had good discrimination and clinical utility.CONCLUSION This study used a machine learning approach to build a model that accurately predicts the risk of postoperative unplanned reoperation in patients with colorectal cancer,which can improve treatment decisions and prognosis.

Reoperation for heterochronic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas after bile duct neoplasm resection:A case report

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB)and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)of the pancreas have similar pathological manifestations.However,they often develop separately and it is rare for both to occur together.Patients presenting with heterochronic IPMN after IPNB are prone to be misdiagnosed with tumor recurrence.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient was admitted 8.5 years after IPNB carcinoma and 4 years after the discovery of a pancreatic tumor.A left hepatic bile duct tumor with distal bile duct dilatation was found 8.5 years ago by the computed tomography;therefore,a left hepatectomy was performed.The postoperative pathological diagnosis was malignant IPNB with negative cutting edge and pathological stage T1N0M0.Magnetic resonance imaging 4 years ago showed cystic lesions in the pancreatic head with pancreatic duct dilatation,and carcinoembryonic antigen continued to increase.Positron emission tomography showed a maximum standard uptake value of 11.8 in the soft tissue mass in the pancreatic head,and a malignant tumor was considered.Radical pancreatoduodenectomy was performed.Postoperative pathological diagnosis was pancreatic head IPMN with negative cutting edge,pancreaticobiliary type,stage T3N0M0.He was discharged 15 d after the operation.Follow-up for 6 mo showed no tumor recurrence,and quality of life was good.CONCLUSION IPNB and IPMN are precancerous lesions with similar pathological characteristics and require active surgery and long-term follow-up.

Erratum:Rates of readmission and reoperation after operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents

This is an erratum to an already published paper.We found an error in the results section and Table 1.Specifically,we have revised results with n≤10 to be reflected as such,which is consistent with the reporting instructions by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Please note,these changes do not affect our results,and we had previously listed this requirement in the results section.We apologize for our unintentional mistake.

Risk Factors of Reoperation and Outcome of Patients Operated for Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Teaching Hospital in Rabat

Background: chronic subdural hematoma is a common pathology, especially in the elderly. Although it has a good prognosis, it poses the problem of recurrence after surgical evacuation. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of reoperation in patients surgically treated for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) and evaluate the outcome of patients who benefited from a reoperation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in a single University Hospital Center in Rabat (Morocco) on 49 patients operated on from January 2020 to June 2021 for cSDH. Possible risk factors described in the literature were analyzed and the outcome of post-operative course was evaluated. Statistical significance was defined by p-value Results: 49 patients underwent surgical evacuation of cSDH. The sex ratio of male/female was 3.08. The mean age was 70.6 years. Concerning the medical history, 8.2% were diabetics, 10.2% had heart disease, 18.4% had hypertension, 16.3% associated of comorbidities, 2% had pulmonary embolism, and 2% had neoplasm. 18.4% were on anticoagulation therapy, no patients were on new oral anticoagulants. The clinical findings upon admission were motor deficit at 57.1%, signs of intracranial hypertension at 20.4%, altered consciousness at 16.9% and impaired behavior at 6.1%. 28.6% of patients had a past history of head trauma. The pre-operative CT scan showed unilateral cSDH at 81.6%, midline shifts at 77.6%, and false membranes at 34.7%. Blood appeared chronic at 40.8%, subacute at 24.5%, and mixed densities at 34.7%. The post-operative course was uneventful in 73.5%. According to Ibanez grading 8 patients had mild complications (grade I) and 5 moderate complications (grade II) after the first surgery. We recorded 10.2% of patients who needed a second surgery because of the deterioration of neurologic status or motor deficit associated with an abnormal CT scan. According to the GOS, 85.7% of patients had a good recovery while 10.2% died. None of the factors assessed was found to be a risk factor for reoperation. Conclusion: No risk factors of reoperation after an initial burr hole evacuation for cSDH were found. However medical history and male sex was common condition among reoperated patients with their CT scan showing a chronic aspect of blood, midline shift and false membranes. Most patients who underwent revision surgery died on the postoperative course.

Reoperation for early postoperative complications after gastric cancer surgery in a Chinese hospital

AIM:To investigate the occurrence of postoperative complications of gastric cancer surgery,and analyze the potential causes of reoperation for early postoperative complications. METHODS:A total of 1639 patients who underwent radical or palliative gastrectomies for gastric cancer were included in the study.The study endpoint was the analysis of postoperative complications in inpatients. RESULTS:About 31%of patients had early postoperative complications,and complications of infection occurred most frequently.Intra-abdominal hemorrhage and anastomotic leak were the main causes of reoperation,which accounted for about 2.2%.Mortality was 11.1%in the reoperation group,but was only 0.8%in other patients.The duration of postoperative stay in hospital was significantly longer and the total expenditure was markedly higher in the patients who underwent reoperation(P<0.001).There was no significant association of any available factors in this study with the high rate of reoperation.CONCLUSION:Reoperation significantly increases the mortality rate and raises the burden of the surgical unit.More prospective studies are required to explore the potential risk factors.

Reoperation for benign biliary tract diseases in 149 cases: causes and prevention

BACKGROUND: Failure to diagnose and treat benign bi- liary tract disease relatively common surgical disease may cause serious consequences. Since the introduction of B- mode ultrasonography, CT, or MRI early and accurate diagnosis of the disease has been possible. In clinical prac- tice, however, these methods have not been adequately used. Inappropriate surgical procedures can also lead to bile duct injury or stenosis after injury, residual cholecystitis, stenosis after cholangiojejunostomy, or stenosis of the Od- di' s sphincter. But improvement of the diagnosis and treat- ment of benign biliary tract disease remains a great chal- lenge to clinicians. METHODS: A total of 149 patients with benign biliary tract disease who had received reoperation from June 1988 to June 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them 95 patients (63.76%) received operation twice and 38 (25.5%) underwent 3 operations. Sixteen patients (10.74%) needed 4 or more operations. The procedures for the first opera- tion included cholecystectomy (71 patients, 47.65%), cho- lecystectomy with exploration of the common bile duct (42, 28.19%), cholangiojejunostomy (21, 14.1%), and la- paroscopic cholecystectomy (15, 10.06%). RESULTS: The causes for reoperation included residual and recurrent bile duct stones in 53 patients (35.57%), bile duct injury or stenosis after injury in 41 (27.52%), residual cho- lecystitis with or without stones in 28 (18.8%), stenosis af- ter cholangiojejunostomy in 17 (11.41%), stenosis of the Oddi's sphincter in 5 (5.35%), and others in 5 (5.35%). Four patients (2.68%) died after operation. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent reoperation for benign biliary tract diseases, the following measures should be taken to in- crease preoperative diagnostic rate, to understand condi- tions of the biliary tract by using imaging techniques and cholangiography, to examine comprehensively and careful- ly with choledochoscopy, cholangiography and B-mode ul-trasonography intraoperatively, to choose appropriate ope- rative procedures to decrease the rate of residual stones, and to decide the time for the first repair according to inju- ry type of the bile duct. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with cholangioplasty is the best operation for the recon- struction of the biliary tract.

Management of afferent loop obstruction: Reoperation or endoscopic and percutaneous interventions?

Afferent loop obstruction is a purely mechanical complication that infrequently occurs following construction of a gastrojejunostomy. The operations most commonly associated with this complication are gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ or Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and pancreaticoduodenectomy with conventional loop or Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Etiology of afferent loop obstruction includes:(1) entrapment, compression and kinking by postoperative adhesions;(2) internal herniation, volvulus and intussusception;(3) stenosis due to ulceration at the gastrojejunostomy site and radiation enteritis of the afferent loop;(4) cancer recurrence; and(5) enteroliths, bezoars and foreign bodies. Acute afferent loop obstruction is associated with complete obstruction of the afferent loop and represents a surgical emergency, whereas chronic afferent loop obstruction is associated with partial obstruction. Abdominal multiple detector computed tomography is the diagnostic study of choice. CT appearance of the obstructed afferent loop consists of a C-shaped, fluidfilled tubular mass located in the midline between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery with valvulae conniventes projecting into the lumen. The cornerstone of treatment is surgery. Surgery includes:(1) adhesiolysis and reconstruction for benign causes; and(2) by-pass or excision and reconstruction for malignant causes. However, endoscopic enteral stenting, transhepatic percutaneous enteral stenting and direct percutaneous tube enterostomy have the principal role in management of malignant and radiation-induced obstruction. Nevertheless, considerable limitations exist as a former Roux-en-Y reconstruction limits endoscopic access to the afferent loop and percutaneous approaches for enteral stenting and tube enterostomy have only been reported in the literature as isolated cases.

Reoperation of biliary tract by laparoscopy:Experiences with 39 cases

AIM:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of biliary tract reoperation by laparoscopy for the patients with retained or recurrent stones who failed in endoscopic sphincterotomy. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of data obtained from attempted laparoscopic reoperation for 39 patients in a single institution was performed, examining open conversion rates, operative times, complications, and hospital stay. RESULTS:Out of the 39 cases, 38 (97%) completed laparoscopy, 1 required conversion to open operation because of difficulty in exposing the common bile duct. The mean operative time was 135 min. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 4 d. Procedures included laparoscopic residual gallbladder resection in 3 cases, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure at choledochotomy in 13 cases, and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and choledochotomy with T tube drainage in 22 cases. Duodenal perforation occurred in 1 case during dissection and was repaired laparoscopically. Retained stones were found in 2 cases. Postoperative asymptomatic hyperamlasemia occurred in 3 cases. There were no complications due to port placement, postoperative bleeding, bile or bowel leakage and mortality. No recurrence or formation of duct stricture was observed during a mean follow-up period of 18 mo. CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is safe and feasible if it is performed by experiencedlaparoscopic surgeons, and is an alternative choice for patients with choledocholithiasis who fail in endoscopic sphincterectomy.

Clinical outcomes after intrastromal corneal ring segments reoperation in keratoconus patients

AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes after Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments(ICRS)reoperation in patients with keratoconus.METHODS:A total of 37 keratoconus eyes implanted with intrastromal corneal ring segments,which had an ICRS exchange,addition,reposition or removal were evaluated.Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),keratometry(K),asphericity(Q)and pachymetry at the thinnest point(PTP)of the cornea were evaluated using a corneal tomography(Oculus Pentacam,USA)RESULTS:The mean follow-up time after the reoperation was 30.5±9.7 months.The mean UCVA improved from 20/300 to 20/80(P=0.005);the mean BCVA improved from 20/160 to 20/50(P=0.0002),the mean keratometry reduced from 49.33±4.19D to 46.16±3.90D(P=0.0001),the mean pachymetry at the thinnest point increased from 450±42.9μm to 469±40.8μm(P=0.0001).The asphericity increased from-0.84±0.74 to-0.35±0.81(P=0.15)and the spherical equivalent reduced from-4.64±4.87D to-3.04±3.45D(P=0.137).The changes in the asphericity and spherical equivalent were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Ferrara ICRS implantation showed to be a reversible and readjustable surgical procedure for keratoconus treatment.Good outcomes can be obtained even after removal,addition,reposition or exchange of ICRS.

Cause analysis and reoperation effect of failure and recurrence after epiblepharon correction in children

BACKGROUND In children, it is common to see failure and recurrence in the correction ofepiblepharon and to have reoperation due to obvious irritation symptoms andcorneal injury.AIM To explore the causes of failure and recurrence after epiblepharon correction inchildren, to remove accurately redundant epiblepharon and orbicularis oculimuscle in patients via the cilia-everting suture technique combined with lidmargin splitting in some patients due to inverted lashes in the medial part of theeyelid, and to observe the therapeutic effect.METHODS From 2015 to 2019, in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of BeijingTongren Hospital, 22 children (40 eyes) with epiblepharon, aged 5-12 years, weretreated due to correction failure and recurrence. Fourteen patients (28 eyes)underwent the full-thickness everting suture technique, and eight patients (16eyes) underwent incisional surgery. They were treated by reviewing the previoussurgical methods and observing epiblepharon, eyelash direction, and cornealinjury. During reoperation, a subciliary incision was made 1 mm below theinferior lash line. Incisional surgery for the lower eyelid was used to removeaccurately redundant epiblepharon and part of the pretarsal orbicularis muscle.Subcutaneous tissue and the orbicularis muscle of the upper skin-muscle flapwere anchored to the anterior fascia of the tarsal plate by rotational sutures. Lidmargin splitting was used only for patients who had seriously inverted lasheslocated in the medial part of the eyelid. All patients were followed for 6-12 moafter reoperation to observe the lower eyelid position, skin incision, eyelash direction, corneal damage, and recurrence.RESULTS After reoperation, all the patients were corrected. Photophobia, rubbing the eye,winking, and tearing disappeared. There was no lower eyelid entropion,ectropion, or retraction. There was no obvious sunken scar or lower eyelid crease.The eyelashes were far away from the cornea, and when the patients lookeddown, the eyelashes on the lower eyelid did not contact the cornea or conjunctiva.The corneal injuries were repaired. Follow-up observation for 6 mo showed norecurrence of epiblepharon.CONCLUSION The type of suture method, the failure to remove accurately redundant skin andorbicularis muscle, the lack of cilia rotational suture use, and excessive reversegrowth of eyelashes are the main causes of failure and recurrence afterepiblepharon correction in children.

Rates of readmission and reoperation after operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents

BACKGROUND The national rates of readmission and reoperation after open reduction internal fixation(ORIF)of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents is unknown.AIM To determine rates of and risk factors for readmission and reoperation after ORIF of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents.METHODS This retrospective study utilized data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database for California and Florida and included 11728 patients 10–18 years of age that underwent ORIF of midshaft clavicle fracture between 2005 and 2012.Readmissions within ninety days,reoperations within two years,and differences in patient demographic factors were determined through descriptive,univariate,and multivariate analyses.RESULTS In total,3.29%(n=11)of patients were readmitted within 90 d to a hospital at an average of 18.91±18 d after discharge,while 15.87%(n=53)of patients underwent a reoperation within two years at an average of 209.53±151 d since the index surgery.The most common reason for readmission was a postoperative infection(n<10).Reasons for reoperation included implant removal(n=49)at an average time of 202.39±138 d after surgery,and revision ORIF(n<10)with an average time of 297±289 d after index surgery.The odds of reoperation were higher for females(P<0.01)and outpatients(P<0.01),while the odds of reoperation were lower for patients who underwent surgery in California(P=0.02).CONCLUSION There is a low rate of readmission and a high rate of reoperation after ORIF for midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents.There are significant differences for reoperation based on patient sex,location,and hospital type.

The relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia

AIM： To determine the relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia （IET）. METHODS： The records of 216 patients （432 eyes） with lET who underwent surgery, from 2010 to 2015 were studied. Patients with lET whose deviation appeared before 6mo of age and had stable preoperative deviation in two examinations with at least 2wk apart and a minimum 3too postoperative follow up were included. Cases with early onset accommodative esotropia, congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）, manifest nystagmus, fundus lesions, neurologic and ophthalmic anomalies, 6th nerve palsy and Duane＇s syndrome were excluded. Preoperative abduction deficit was considered from -1 to -3 grading scale. Three months after surgery, children were classified into no-need reoperation [deviation〈15 prism diopters （PD）], and need-reoperation groups （deviaUon〉15 PD）. RESULTS： In this retrospective study, 117 female and 99 male patients with the mean surgical age of 4.7±6.4y were included. Reoperation rate was 33.3% and 16.0% in lET patients with and without abduction deficit, respectively in patients who had a history of late surgery. Abduction deficit increased the odds of reoperation by 82% [OR=1.82, 95% confidence interval （CI） =1.05 to 3.19, P=0.003] in patients who had a history of late surgery （〉2 years old, P=0.021）. Abduction deficit was improved significantly after operation （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： Based on our results, abduction deficit can be considered as a risk factor of reoperation in lET patients who are operated at the age of more than 2y.

Reoperation in an adult female with "right-sided" Hirschsprung's disease complicated by refractory hypertension and cough

Hirschsprung's disease(HD) is an intestinal malformation caused by the innate absence of ganglion cells in the neural plexus of the colorectal wall, and is most common in male infants. It is rare in adult, and is usually left-sided. Herein we reported based on the CARE guidelines a case of a 47-year-old adult female suffering from "right-sided" HD complicated by refractory hypertension and cough. The patient with a history of cesarean section and with digestive unfitness(abdominal pain, distention, and constipation) only since 20 years old had recurrence of HD after initial surgery due to the incomplete removal of the HD-affected bowel based on a diagnosis of "chronic ileus", leading to the relapse of the digestive symptoms and the emergence of some intractable circulatory and respiratory complications which could be hardly controlled by conservative treatment. During the long interval before coming to our department for help, she had been re-hospitalized for several times with various misdiagnoses and supplied merely with symptomatic treatment which could only achieve temporary symptomatic relief. At her admission to our department, the imaging examinations strongly indicated recurrent HD which was further supportedb y p a t h o l o g i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s, a n d r i g h t h e m i-colectomy was performed to remove the remnant aganglionic intestinal segment. Intraoperative and postoperative pathology supported the completeness of the definitive resection. Post-operation, the patient's bowel motility significantly improved, and interestingly, the complications disappeared. For adult patients with long-term constipation combined with cough and hypertension, rare diseases like HD which requires definite surgery and which could be "right-sided" should not be overlooked. It is vital to diagnose and cure HD patients in childhood. Through the comparison of the two surgeries, it is noteworthy that for diagnosed HD, sufficient removal of the non-functional intestine confirmed by intraoperative pathology is essential.

Rates of readmission and reoperation after operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents

The present letter to the editor is a commentary on the study titled“Rates of readmission and reoperation after operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescents”.There is a debate over whether surgical treatment of clavicle shaft fractures improves clinical outcomes in adolescents.The readmission and reoperation rates following surgery should be identified.

Urgent reoperation early after coronary artery bypass graft

Objective To explore the cause of acute myocardial ischemia early after coronary artery bapass graft (CABG) and surgical management on it. Methods From 2001 to 2009,28 patients underwent urgent reoperation early after CABG due to acute myocardial ischemia. The incidence of reoperation is about 0. 02% . The cause of reoperation inclouded early

甲状腺癌再次手术病人心理状况分析

目的:调查甲状腺癌再次手术病人的心理状况,分析甲状腺癌再次手术病人与首次手术病人心理状况的差异,为临床护理提供建议与参考。方法:选取2022年3月—12月在四川省某三级甲等医院甲状腺外科行再次手术的甲状腺癌病人114例,采用年龄及病种配对方式选取同时期在该科室接受首次手术的甲状腺癌病人114例,采用华西心晴指数量表对两组病人进行心理评估及比较。结果:两组病人华西心晴指数量表5个条目得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且自杀相关维度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),再次手术病人得分更高。结论:再次手术病人心理状况更差,其自杀概率更高,应对再次手术者进行心理护理,消除紧张情绪,以免影响手术及生活质量。

腹腔镜结直肠癌术后非计划再次手术原因及危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术后非计划再次手术原因及相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年12月该院胃肠外科腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术1641例患者的临床资料,术后发生非计划再次手术15例,分析其非计划再次手术的原因,并且单因素和多因素logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果腹腔镜结直肠癌术后非计划再次手术发生率为0.91%,主要原因是吻合口瘘(26.67%)、肠梗阻(20.00%);通过对症治疗,12例治愈,2例主动出院,1例死亡。单因素和多因素回归分析显示,术前糖尿病、术前低蛋白血症、术中出血量多和腹部手术史为非计划再次手术的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌术后非计划再次手术发生最常见的原因为吻合口瘘和肠梗阻,对合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症、术中出血量多的患者应注意加强防范该疾病的发生。

斜外侧椎间融合技术术后再手术原因与策略

目的:总结斜外侧椎间融合技术(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)术后再手术原因和策略,并提出预防性措施。方法:回顾性分析自2015年10月至2019年12月采用OLIF技术治疗失败后再次手术的23例患者资料,男9例,女14例;年龄44~81(61.89±8.80)岁。疾病类型:腰椎间盘退行性病变3例,椎间盘源性腰痛1例,腰椎退行性滑脱6例,腰椎管狭窄症9例,腰椎退行性侧后凸4例。初次手术采用Stand-alone OLIF 16例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定7例。融合节段:单节段17例,2节段2例,3节段4例。均于初次术后3个月内接受了再次手术。再手术方法:予附加后路椎弓根螺钉内固定16例;予后路椎板间隙开窗并融合器调整神经根松解2例、内镜下关节突成形神经根松解1例、后路椎板间隙开窗神经根松解1例、椎弓根螺钉调整1例、椎间孔内镜下探查减压术1例;椎间融合器和椎弓根螺钉翻修1例。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评价并对比再次手术前、末次随访时腰痛、腰椎功能恢复情况,随访过程中观察融合器沉降或再移位现象,以及椎间融合情况。测量并对比初次术前、初次术后、再次手术前、再次手术后3~5 d、再次手术后6个月和末次随访时椎间隙高度的变化。结果:再次手术后患者切口皮肤无坏死、无感染。所有患者获得随访,时间12~48(28.1±7.3)个月。初次术后出现神经损伤及术后神经症状未缓解病例其神经症状于3~6个月完全缓解或恢复。随访过程中未出现椎弓根螺钉系统松动或断裂现象,融合器无进一步移位。椎间隙高度在初次术后均获得明显恢复,但出现早期的快速丢失,经再次手术后,椎间隙高度仍有部分丢失。腰痛VAS由再次术前的(6.20±1.69)分至末次随访时的(1.60±0.71)分(P<0.05);ODI由再次术前的(40.60±7.01)%恢复至末次随访时的(9.14±2.66)%(P<0.05)。结论:OLIF术后存在因失败而需再次手术风险,再手术原因包括患者术前存在骨量减少或骨质疏松、初次手术采用Stand-alone方式、术中的终板损伤、术中的神经损伤、术后融合器的明显沉降、术后融合器移位等。只要发现及时、处理得当,OLIF术后再手术多能获得较好的临床结果,但仍需加强预防。

回顾性分析主动脉瓣置换术后近端主动脉扩张的危险因素

目的:探索主动脉瓣置换术(aortic valve replacement,AVR)后近端主动脉≥45mm患者的危险因素并构建模型,以预测此类患者术后近端主动脉扩张的风险。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年10月,北京安贞医院接受主动脉瓣置换外科手术治疗患者的临床资料。以术后近端主动脉≥45mm为终点,随机将这些患者的70%划分为建模组,剩余30%的患者划分验证组。在建模组中应用二元多因素Logistic回归探寻危险因素,并构建模型,绘制列线图,并在验证组中验证模型的区分度和校准度。结果:本研究共纳入的979例患者,120例(12.7%)患者发生终点事件(术后近端主动脉≥45mm)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明男性、高血压、主动脉窦指数(aortic sinus index,DAS/BSA)、升主动脉指数(ascending aortic index,DAA/BSA)、LVEDD是主动脉瓣置换术后近端主动脉≥45mm的危险因素。根据以上5个预测因子构建出的模型在建模组中区分度良好,一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)为0.718(95%CI:0.665~0.771),且模型的准确度较高。模型在验证组中的C-index为0.727(95%CI:0.640~0.816)。在预测的主要终点事件发生风险低于50%的患者中,校准曲线表明预测风险和观测风险基本一致。结论:建立AVR术后近端主动脉≥45mm的风险预测模型,可有效预测此类患者的发生率,有助于在此类人群中识别出高危主动脉瓣置换手术患者进行手术策略的优化。

腰椎斜外侧椎间融合术后融合器沉降的原因分析

目的:观察斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎病变术后融合器沉降现象,总结融合器沉降特点,并分析其原因,提出预防性措施。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年12月收治的144例腰椎病变资料,其中男43例,女101例;年龄20~81(60.90±10.06)岁;腰椎间盘退行性病变17例,巨大型腰椎间盘突出12例,椎间盘源性腰痛5例,腰椎管狭窄症33例,腰椎退行性滑脱26例,腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱28例,腰椎内固定术后邻椎病11例,炎症转归期原发性椎间隙炎7例,腰椎退行性侧后凸5例。术前双能X线骨密度检查提示存在骨量减少或骨质疏松57例,骨密度正常87例。融合节段数:单节段124例,2节段11例,3节段8例,4节段1例。采用Stand-alone OLIF 40例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定104例。记录术后融合器沉降的发生情况,对可能风险因素进行单因素分析,观察融合器沉降对于临床结果的影响。结果:所有手术顺利完成,手术时间中位数99 min,术中出血量中位数106 ml;术中发生终板损伤30例,合并椎体骨折5例。所有患者获得随访,时间6~30(14.57±7.14)个月。随访过程中除原发性腰椎间隙炎病例、部分腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱病例,其余出现不同程度的融合器沉降现象,其中正常沉降119例,异常沉降25例(Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级2例)。未出现椎弓根螺钉系统松动或断裂现象,椎间隙高度由术前的(9.48±1.84) mm恢复至术后3~5 d的(12.65±2.03) mm及末次随访时的(10.51±1.81) mm,术后3~5 d与术前比较、末次随访与术后3~5d比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间融合率为94.4%(136/144)。腰痛和腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别由术前的(6.55±2.29)、(4.72±1.49)分降低至末次随访时的(1.40±0.82)、(0.60±0.03)分(P<0.000 1);ODI由术前的(38.50±6.98)%恢复至末次随访时的(11.30±3.27)%(P<0.05)。并发症发生率为31.3%(45/144),再手术率9.72%(14/144),其中因融合器沉降或移位而再次手术8例,占再手术的57.14%(8/14)。单因素分析结果显示:在骨量减少或骨质疏松组、Stand-alone OLIF组、2节段或以上融合组、终板损伤组中其异常沉降例数分别高于骨量正常组、OLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定组、单节段融合组、终板无损伤组。结论:融合器沉降是OLIF术后较为常见的现象,术前骨量减少或骨质疏松、Stand-alone OLIF应用、2节段或以上融合和术中终板损伤可能是术后融合器沉降的重要因素。虽然融合器沉降程度与临床症状无明显相关,但存在融合器移位的风险,需要加强预防,以降低因融合器沉降而带来的严重并发症,包括再手术。