Annual Reports of Non-profit Organizations （NPOs）： An Analysis

Non-profit organizations （NPOs） in Malaysia are not subjected to statutory requirement to follow the accounting standards when preparing their annual reports. This study analyzed the annual reports of 100 NPOs registered with the Registry of Society （ROS） under the charity and religious categories. The objectives of this study are： （1） to determine the current state of reporting practices by NPOs; and （2） to describe the contents of a set of annual reports and the financial statement presentation of NPOs. This study found that there were variations in reporting practices among the charity and religious categories of NPOs. On average, the results show that NPOs do not focus on the disclosing information required by the ROS, the governing body of NPOs. This indicates that the regulators need to strongly practice enforcement to strengthen the compliance of the annual reports submission. Overall, the findings of this study provide useful information to regulators as a basis for preparing and presenting NPOs＇ annual report framework in the future.

Study of Problems in the Development of Non-profit Organizations in Urban Communities

With the continuous advancement of construction of urban communities and the continuous development of the needs of community residents in China,non-profit organizations in various urban communities have developed rapidly and have increasingly played an important role in social and economic life. At present,the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities is still faced with many problems,such as difficulty in raising funds,lack of incentives that results in low enthusiasm for volunteering and low participation of community residents,etc. It is urgent and practical significance to study,analyze and solve the problems faced by non-profit organizations in urban communities. That article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the problems facing the development of non-profit organizations in urban communities,and proposes countermeasures to solve the problems.

Decision-Making in a Governmental Healthcare Organization by Analytic Hierarchy Process

This paper contains research on strategic decision-making in a local government. In a profit-oriented organization, the option that maximizes profits tends involve reaching an agreement between stakeholders. However, there is tendency for stakeholders to differ in their beliefs as to what is desirable particularly in a non-profit organization. In a local government, it is especially difficult for the interests of a stakeholder group to be completely in agreement. This research considers the use of the analytical hierarchy process （Saaty, 1971） as a solution for one of the difficulties of decision-making in a local government. This research is a case study to explore the strategy of a local Japanese healthcare management organization. The conclusion was drawn to decide which strategic option should be taken by using the analytical hierarchy process. Also, it was found what to work on a countermeasure that prevents the negative effects that are generated by selecting the strategic option.

Self-Organized Public-Key Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on a Bidirectional Trust Model

In traditional networks , the authentication is performed by certificate authoritys（CA）,which can＇t be built in distributed mobile Ad Hoc Networks however. In this pa per, we propose a fully self-organized public key management based on bidirectional trust model without any centralized authority that allows users to generate their public-private key pairs, to issue certificates, and the trust relation spreads rationally according to the truly human relations. In contrast with the traditional self-organized public-key management, the average certificates paths get more short, the authentication passing rate gets more high and the most important is that the bidirectional trust based model satisfys the trust re quirement of hosts better.

Direct Marketing and Consumer Trust in Organic Food Products： Vilnius （Lithuania） Case

The market of organic food products has a continuous upward trend though the growth rate and sale channels in individual countries are rather different. This research aims to identify the key factors that influence consumers＇ choice to buy organic food products in Lithuania focusing on the consumer trust in the quality and the most acceptable marketing channels. In order to get the necessary information, the residents of Vilnius （the capital of Lithuania）, as having the greatest potential for the organic food market in the country, were interviewed. The analysis of collected data was done using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparison of relative frequencies. The results of this research prove the increasing consumers＇ interest in organic food products. The majority of consumers consider these products to be healthier, better-tasting and fresher. Only about a third of the purchasers （usually buying frequently） can see differences between organic and non-organic products, therefore, there is a problem to distinguish organic food from conventional products and, consequently, remains a possibility to cheat the consumer. An additional quality control and direct sales from known and familiar farmers might increase trust in the quality of organic food products. So far, supermarkets are the most important place to buy organic foods, however, the greater consumer confidence in the quality of organic products bought at farmers＇ markets and the acceptance of the majority of purchasers to buy organic food products directly from the farmers suppose the need to develop a direct marketing system.

分布式多Agent安全合作体系结构TRUST!

给出了一种基于互惠和安全的分布式多Agent合作体系结构TRUST !,TRUST !具有很好的可扩展性、鲁棒性、安全性、与现实社会的一致性。同时 ,基于TRUST !,对分布式合作过滤进行了仿真研究 ,Agent只有局部视角 ,通过Agent之间的非线性交互 ,形成了宏观的自组织现象 ,从而有助于探讨复杂系统的本质。

A personalized trustworthy service selection method

A personalized trustworthy service selection method is proposed to fully express the features of trust, emphasize the importance of user preference and improve the trustworthiness of service selection. The trustworthiness of web service is defined as customized multi-dimensional trust metrics and the user preference is embodied in the weight of each trust metric. A service selection method combining AHP （analytic hierarchy process） and PROMETHEE （preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations） is proposed. AHP is used to determine the weights of trust metrics according to users＇ preferences. Hierarchy and pairwise comparison matrices are constructed. The weights of trust metrics are derived from the highest eigenvalue and eigenvector of the matrix. to obtain the final rank of candidate services. The preference functions are defined according to the inherent characteristics of the trust metrics and net outranking flows are calculated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively express users＇ personalized preferences for trust metrics, and the trustworthiness of service ranking and selection is efficiently improved.

Motivations for and barriers to innovation in non-profit organizations: The case of nursing homes in Northern Portugal

To contribute to the empirical literature on innovation in non-profit organizations,this study examines innovation in Private Social Solidarity Institutions with social responses for the elderly in Northern Portugal.It enriches the literature by clarifying the concept of innovation applied to non-profit organizations,which represents a perspective different from the business context.Moreover,it is important to support the innovation decisionmaking process in similar non-profit organizations.For this study,the population was surveyed through questionnaires based on the PUBLIN research project,which has already been applied in different countries,and the targets were employees of organizations with social responses for the elderly.Our sample is small,with 28 respondent institutions and 51 employees,but it is representative,as it includes institutions from all districts in Northern Portugal.The study employed a quantitative approach,particularly factor analysis,multiple linear regression,and correlation analyses,using scales already applied in other dimensions of the social sector,to understand the effect of each innovation dimension/determinant on creativity and innovation in nonprofit organizations.The results show that in these organizations with social responses for the elderly,learning orientation,risk-taking,and job satisfaction have a positive impact on innovation.

Trust Management in Grid-Trust Assessment and Trust Degree Calculation of a Resource—A Novel Approach

Grid Computing is concerned with the sharing and coordinated use of diverse resources in distributed Virtual Organizations. This introduces various challenging security issues. Among these trusting, the resources to be shared and coordinated with the dynamic and multi-institutional virtual organization environment becomes a challenging security issue. In this paper, an approach for trust assessment and trust degree calculation using subjective logic is suggested to allocate the Data Grid or Computational Grid user a reliable, trusted resource for maintaining the integrity of the data with fast response and accurate results. The suggested approach is explained using an example scenario and also from the simulation results. It is observed that there is an increase in the resource utilization of a trusted resource in contrast to the resource which is not trusted.

Registered Nurses’ Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Trust-Based Public Management

Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate registered nurses’ (RNs) perceptions of Trust-Based Public Management (TBPM) in Swedish health care. Design: This study follows a phenomenografic approach guided by Ference Marton’s philosophy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were used to identify variations in RNs’ perceptions of TBPM. Between February and April 2019, 24 RNs from five Swedish public healthcare departments participated in the study. Results: The results show that none of the participants had previously heard about the work of the Swedish Delegation for TBPM. The study revealed perceptions those politicians and managers were absent from the workplace, that power had been displaced to HR, and that perceptions of trust in the leadership and of working to guidelines varied. Perceptions varied between RNs employed by the municipalities and by the hospitals concerning administration, the time allotted for work, cooperation, and education.

Innovations and Regional Development in Non-Profit Sector of the Czech Republic

The aim of this study is to present one of the possibilities of innovations focused on regional development in the non-profit sector. The primary basis shows the way to eliminate or remove the problem fields, the so-called non-profit organizations failures such as philanthropic insufficiency, philanthropic paternalism, philanthropic amateurism and philanthropic particularism. These present the final values and provide conclusions of the Analysis of Non-profit Non-governmental Organisations of Zlin Region. The current situation reveals the longstanding problem of non-profit non-governmental organizations, which is the absence of professional marketing staff, and suggests new possibilities for university graduates＂ application on the labour market, thus creating the essential platform for new approaches in designing educational programs. Non-profit organizations should therefore pay increasing attention to addressing both general public and particularly the youth since young people may be their future volunteers, employees, donors and sympathizers.

城市基层治理中的社会分层与利益表达

城市社区的利益表达是最具实质性的社区参与形式,对基层治理具有重要意义。论文基于CGSS2010数据,从阶层理论分析范式探讨城市社区分层对其利益表达的中介影响机制。研究发现,城市社区不同阶层的利益表达具有显著差异,社会组织信任在其中发挥一定的中介效用。与低阶层社会群体相比,高阶层社会群体、新中间阶层社会群体的制度性利益表达积极性更高,并通过社会组织信任对制度性利益表达产生显著的正向影响;而新中间阶层社会群体出于对社会组织的不信任,则更可能倾向于非制度性的利益表达。因而,引导社会组织的健康发育非常重要,同时注重完善制度性利益表达渠道的通畅;通过社会组织信任促进社会参与,增加社会资本,进而提升社会基层治理绩效。

上海合作组织安全共同体的构建:成效、挑战与应对

构建上海合作组织安全共同体是构建上海合作组织命运共同体的前提,它的提出标志着安全共同体的概念将首次应用于欧亚地区安全合作的实践中。上海合作组织安全共同体的构建遵循“信而不同”的模式,成员国相互信任的制度化使上海合作组织安全共同体的构建取得初步成效。然而,扩员后新老成员国悬而未决的争端以及成员国对上海合作组织的复杂认知,使上海合作组织安全共同体难以维持制度化的相互信任,上海合作组织安全共同体的构建面临挑战。为应对上述挑战,上海合作组织可以建立争端调解机制,避免争端“冲突化”,使相互信任可持续;深化经济合作,为相互信任赋能;在充分尊重各国主权和独特性的同时,通过人文交流使彼此间的信任内化,促进各国对“上海精神”和“新五观”的认同,进而推动上海合作组织安全共同体的构建走向成熟,并为全球安全共同体的构建提供“上合经验”。

A Synthesis of Relationship between Trust and Knowledge Transfer-in the View of Organization Cooperation

Based on the organization cooperation, from the perspective of variable correlation and variable proper ties, this paper describes the research result on relationship between trust and knowledge transfer, in which the elements correlation research is broken down relationship between trust and knowledge transfer, correlation of trust, knowledge transfer and performance relationship, and the interrelationships of trust, knowledge transfer and multiple factors. For trust perspective. There are two structural dimensions of trust： antecedents and media ting variables. Combining the literature at home and abroad in recent years, the existing research results are summed ul and the future research directions are nronosed.

中国背景下员工沉默的测量以及信任对其的影响

应用自行编制的员工沉默行为调查问卷,通过对928名被试的调查,对中国背景下员工沉默行为的结构维度进行了探讨。探索性因素分析结果表明,员工沉默由三个因素构成。三因素结构的结果在验证性因素分析中得到了证实。由此得到结论,员工沉默有三维结构:默许沉默、漠视沉默和防御沉默。以员工沉默的三个维度为因变量,以员工对上级和组织的信任为自变量进行回归分析,结果表明,员工对上级信任对员工沉默三个维度都有负面影响,而员工对组织信任对默许沉默和漠视沉默有负向影响,对防御沉默的影响并不显著。

组织内信任的维持与修复

组织内信任可以促进组织成员间的沟通,增强组织凝聚力,提高工作效率;而信任违背与不信任则会给组织造成巨大的经济、情感和社会成本消耗。因此,信任破坏后的修复就变得十分重要,也逐渐得到国内外研究者的重视。组织内信任是一个多水平的结构,它的建立与维护受到个体、人际、组织等不同水平的多种变量的影响。信任违背后的修复策略有很多种,这些策略的有效性因情境的不同而有所差异。明确组织内信任的概念,完善研究工具以及进一步探讨更多影响信任修复效果的相关因素是未来的研究趋向。

信任在知识型企业网络组织中的作用

信任在现代经济社会的发展起着越来越重要的作用 ,尤其是在基于知识的经济中 ,信任是不可或缺的。作者认为信任是一种治理 /激励机制 ,信任基于个人关系 ,信任是一种抽象的社会制度 ,信任具有战略价值 ,在知识型企业网络组织中信任是企业和企业行动者之间合作的基础和前提 ,是一种非常重要的不可或缺的治理机制。

组织信任氛围对任务绩效的作用途径

通过问卷调查与结构方程建模分析组织信任对于员工工作绩效的影响途径。203名被试和他们的上司参与了问卷调查。结果分析采用潜变量路径分析方法。我们构建多组模型与构思模型,通过两个阶段的检验,分析了组织信任的作用机制。结果表明:组织信任作用于心理安全感,而心理安全感通过两条独立途径影响工作绩效,分别是工作聚焦与工作改进。心理安全感能够促进员工针对工作的不断改进的行为和探索新工作方法的意愿,同时也有利于员工集中精力在工作上,从而提高个人工作业绩。

组织内信任的影响因素

现代企业组织呈现结构扁平化趋势,组织内信任显得更加重要。结合国内外相关文献归纳出度量组织内信任的结构维度,并以其为主线追溯其前因变量和后果变量。鉴于东西方文化差异所造成信任的前因变量存在一定的差异,故前因变量的探索和确定可以为度量中国企业组织内信任提供更准确合理的依据;后果变量的探索和确定可以为提高组织绩效提供理论指导。

品牌、认证与消费者信任倾向——以有机牛奶为例

以山东省570个消费者样本为例,基于中欧比较视角,探究消费者对不同品牌或认证的有机牛奶的信任倾向,并运用结构方程模型分析了消费者信任的前因。结果表明,消费者个体特征、感知价值、有机食品知识及行业环境对消费者信任产生显著正向影响,而食品安全意识和信息交流对信任的影响较为复杂;消费者对中欧品牌或中欧认证的信任存在差异,形成前因也略有不同。提升公众消费信心,应着力于推动有机知识宣传普及、增加消费者体验以及强化行业监管,乳品企业应根据消费者中外品牌或认证信任的差异制定相应的营销策略。