超快透射电子显微镜(Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy,UTEM)集成了高空间和时间分辨率,使直接可视化材料的动力学过程成为可能。本文主要介绍UTEM系统的发展和应用:基于泵浦-探测(Pump-Probe)技术的UTEM系统的基本原理;目...超快透射电子显微镜(Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy,UTEM)集成了高空间和时间分辨率,使直接可视化材料的动力学过程成为可能。本文主要介绍UTEM系统的发展和应用:基于泵浦-探测(Pump-Probe)技术的UTEM系统的基本原理;目前全世界范围内几个主要机构的UTEM系统;中科院物理所李建奇研究员团队自主研发的基于热发射电子枪的第一代UTEM系统和基于场发射电子枪(Field Emission Electron Gun,FEG)的第二代UTEM系统;UTEM系统中的超快实空间成像、超快电子衍射(Ultrafast Electron Diffraction,UED)、时间分辨电子能量损失谱(Time Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectrum,TREELS)相结合的最新研究成果,例如晶格和电子动力学、相变动力学、光诱导近场电子显微镜(Photon-Induced-Near-Field Electron Microscopy,PINEM)等。目前,超快电镜已经成为研究微纳尺度下非平衡态动力学过程的独一无二的工具。未来,随着电子脉冲质量和TEM的空间分辨率不断提高,有望实现具有更高时空分辨能力的UTEM系统。中国对UTEM的研究投入较少,当前应抓住UTEM的发展机遇,高效推进UTEM领域的关键技术、核心部件和重大产品创新和产业发展,将科技创新和产业发展紧密衔接。展开更多
Recent advances in the ultrafast transmission electron microscope （UTEM）, with combined spatial and temporal resolutions, have made it possible to directly visualize the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structural d...Recent advances in the ultrafast transmission electron microscope （UTEM）, with combined spatial and temporal resolutions, have made it possible to directly visualize the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structural dynamics of materials. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of UTEM techniques and their applications to a variety of material systems. It is emphasized that numerous significant ultrafast dynamic issues in material science can be solved by the integration of the pump-probe approach with the well-developed conventional transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. For instance, UTEM diffraction experiments can be performed to investigate photoinduced atomic-scale dynamics, including the chemical reactions, non-equilibrium phase transition/melting, and lattice phonon coupling. UTEM imaging methods are invaluable for studying, in real space, the elementary processes of structural and morphological changes, as well as magnetic-domain evolution in the Lorentz TEM mode, at a high magnification. UTEM electron energy-loss spectroscopic techniques allow the examination of the ultrafast valence states and electronic structure dynamics, while photoinduced near-field electron microscopy extends the capability of the UTEM to the regime of electromagnetic-field imaging with a high real space resolution.展开更多
文摘超快透射电子显微镜(Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy,UTEM)集成了高空间和时间分辨率,使直接可视化材料的动力学过程成为可能。本文主要介绍UTEM系统的发展和应用:基于泵浦-探测(Pump-Probe)技术的UTEM系统的基本原理;目前全世界范围内几个主要机构的UTEM系统;中科院物理所李建奇研究员团队自主研发的基于热发射电子枪的第一代UTEM系统和基于场发射电子枪(Field Emission Electron Gun,FEG)的第二代UTEM系统;UTEM系统中的超快实空间成像、超快电子衍射(Ultrafast Electron Diffraction,UED)、时间分辨电子能量损失谱(Time Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectrum,TREELS)相结合的最新研究成果,例如晶格和电子动力学、相变动力学、光诱导近场电子显微镜(Photon-Induced-Near-Field Electron Microscopy,PINEM)等。目前,超快电镜已经成为研究微纳尺度下非平衡态动力学过程的独一无二的工具。未来,随着电子脉冲质量和TEM的空间分辨率不断提高,有望实现具有更高时空分辨能力的UTEM系统。中国对UTEM的研究投入较少,当前应抓住UTEM的发展机遇,高效推进UTEM领域的关键技术、核心部件和重大产品创新和产业发展,将科技创新和产业发展紧密衔接。
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB921300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0300300,2017YFA0504703,and 2017YFA0302900)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11604372,11474323,and 11774391)the”Strategic Priority Research Program(B)”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07020000)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDKYYQ20170002)the financial support of the Hundred Talent Program B from CAS
文摘Recent advances in the ultrafast transmission electron microscope （UTEM）, with combined spatial and temporal resolutions, have made it possible to directly visualize the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structural dynamics of materials. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of UTEM techniques and their applications to a variety of material systems. It is emphasized that numerous significant ultrafast dynamic issues in material science can be solved by the integration of the pump-probe approach with the well-developed conventional transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. For instance, UTEM diffraction experiments can be performed to investigate photoinduced atomic-scale dynamics, including the chemical reactions, non-equilibrium phase transition/melting, and lattice phonon coupling. UTEM imaging methods are invaluable for studying, in real space, the elementary processes of structural and morphological changes, as well as magnetic-domain evolution in the Lorentz TEM mode, at a high magnification. UTEM electron energy-loss spectroscopic techniques allow the examination of the ultrafast valence states and electronic structure dynamics, while photoinduced near-field electron microscopy extends the capability of the UTEM to the regime of electromagnetic-field imaging with a high real space resolution.
