Defining Cities by Water: Addressing Capital Misallocation in a Race to Conserve Resources

As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.

Liaoning Central Part Cities Complex Attracts Foreign Capital with Its Preferential Policy

In the economic field, along the Yalu River, there are one economic and technological development zone, two new and high-tech development zones, one industrial processing zone and one border trade zone, all approved by the state, and seven other development zones that

Analysis on the Building of Chengdu's City Brand as“Three Cities and Three Capitals”-Taking Jiezi Ancient Town as an Example

"Three Cities and Three Capitals"is a city brand that Chengdu has been vigorously building.Based on the analysis of the brand construction background,the brand building of Jiezi Ancient Town,and the problems existing in the current brand building of Jiezi Ancient Town,this paper puts forward suggestions,including reconstruction of cultural resources,building an industrial framework,and giving full play to the role of market entities,so as to provide guidance for the cultivation of the brand characteristics in the ancient town and better shape the city brand of"Three Cities and Three Capitals"in Chengdu.

The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

Childhood Obesity in Primary School Children of Middle and Upper-Middle Income Group in the Capital City of Bangladesh

Background: No published information is available on the status of childhood obesity in Bangladeshi primary school children of urban middle and upper-middle income group. The aim of the study was to explore the proportion of childhood obesity in the primary school children of middle and upper-middle income group in capital city and to gather information on their dietary pattern and physical activity. Methods: One hundred and fifty children (age 9 ± 1 years, height (ht) 118 ± 20 cm, weight (wt) 36 ± 8 kg, wt/ht% 126 ± 24, mean ± SD) were selected purposively from the primary schools of Dhaka city. On the basis of predefined scoring, subjects were classified as underweight, normal, overweight and obese if their weight-for-height values were 120% of median values for Bangladeshi children respectively. Dietary intake and energy expenditure of the study subjects were calculated by standard techniques. Results: The proportion of childhood overweight and obesity was 52% and 20%. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher (78%) among girls compared to boys (54%). Similarly, height, weight and other anthropometrics indices were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in girls compared to boys. The daily intake of carbohydrate and protein was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among obese group. Total energy balance was significantly correlated with weight-for-height% (r = 0.541, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: A higher proportion of overweight and obesity had been found in girls’ children than their counter parts in this study. Positive energy balance with higher energy intake from carbohydrate and fast/processed food culture habit were found among primary school children of middle and upper-middle income group in the capital city of Bangladesh.

The Development Status and Countermeasures of Foxtail Millet Industry in Zhangjiakou City Under the Background of the Constructing Two Districts of the Capital

Foxtail millet is drought-resistant and water-saving.It is a typical environmentally friendly crop with high economic and social benefits.In the context of constructing"Two districts of the capital",it is imperative to develop the foxtail millet industry in view of the ecological conditions of Zhangjiakou City.Based on the analysis of the development status of the foxtail millet industry in Zhangjiakou City,this study pointed out the current problems in the development of the foxtail millet industry in Zhangjiakou City,and put forward specific suggestions for the development of the foxtail millet industry in Zhangjiakou City in the future.

The Influence of Social Support and Psychological Capital Enhancement to the New Generation of Migrant Workers Integrating into the City

The new generation of migrant workers are the main urban construction team in China＇s economic development, they play an indispensable role.？However, the social integration of this group has been hampered by many factors. Views of this paper is that social support and psychological capital enhancement have a significant impact on the new generation of migrant workers integrated into the city. Finally, propose strategies to facilitate this group more easily integrate into city life.

World Porcelain Capital Playing the Spring Overture——Notes on the Building of Jingdezhen City into the World Porcelain Capital

Jingdezhen city lies in the Northeast of Jiangxi Province.It is located in the transitional area between the Huangshan-Huaiyushan mountain range and the Plain of Poyang Lake and is known as the historical"capital of porcelain"with a history of about 1000 years.It was listed as the four

A First Tour of Wulong Pool——Nanjing city, the ancient capital of six dynasties, had kept lots of interesting places and historical relics for us to explore.

Last October, the Nanjing-based aiwan, Hongkong, Macao and verseas Chinese Literature Society went to Wulong Pool. Zhang Chao, vice-chairman of the society, invited me to go to see the place with him. We went eastward out of Longpanli along bustling and seething Guangzhou Avenue. by the side of the high Suolong Bridge, we found a garden gate with flower-

The Use of Self-cleaning Materials and Study Their Impact on the Quality of the Visual Appearance of Large Industrial Cities

One of the capabilities of the architecture is to respond to growing and,in some cases,varied needs of users.However,architecture and construction industry,in comparison with other sciences,have been very slow and inadequate to implement this technology despite very suitable ground for improvement.At the moment,one of the most essential discussions in this field is how to achieve qualitative understanding of construction materials.Accordingly,one of the key sections of a construction which plays a significant role in optimizing performance is shell of the building.In this article,in addition to the utilization technique of selfcleaning materials in construction industry which will result in embellishment of urban design,an attempt has also been made to present a suitable model on how to utilize these materials in order to improve the visual appearance quality of megalopolises.The technology of self-cleaning surfaces in order to increase durability and reduce costs and required time for equipment maintenance has currently become the focal point in construction industry.Now providing one answer to the question of whether will selfcleaning,purifying facades change the future of urban architecture?The main panorama of this research is to find and establish a dynamic and sustainable balance in embellishment of urban design.The necessity of research in this field as well as finding the best and most practical solution seem.To achieve all this,an analytical and descriptive research has been utilized,data has been collected by various books and national and international websites.

Evolution of the“Golden Royal City”:Analytical study on urban forms of ancient capital cities in Myanmar

The historical cities in Southeast Asia with distinct characteristics are an important part of Asia’s cultural heritage system and the ancient capitals of Myanmar are as an example of these civilizational achievements.Their urban forms through history are essential spatial carriers reflecting the traditional local planning thinking.However,the overall understanding has yet to form due to a lack of systematic research.This study aims to complement it by studying the urban forms of almost all Myanmar’s ancient capitals based on verifiable spatial elements,works of literature,archaeology documents and field survey.The location,boundary and layout elements are analyzed to classify and characterize these urban forms,and their evolution rules are then summarized.Furthermore,the urban planning characteristics are discussed,indicating that the regulated structure and distinctive image gradually formed,accompanied by increasingly mature planning thinking and methods.The study reveals that the urban form and the planning thinking of Myanmar’s ancient capital cities had undergone an evolution with its own characteristics and that the“Golden Royal City”is of unique value in the genealogy of Asian capitals.The findings will contribute to the mutual learning between civilizations and provide a scientific foundation for the heritage conservation.

全球海洋中心城市的湾区实践——以粤港澳大湾区为例

粤港澳大湾区是加快实施海洋强国战略的重要支点,全球海洋中心城市建设则是进一步推动粤港澳大湾区建设的关键抓手。全球海洋中心城市作为当前海洋城市建设与评价最具影响力的目标对象,需要分别在全球与湾区视角下考察粤港澳大湾区的优势与挑战。本研究通过解读全球海洋中心城市的概念与内涵,剖析了典型全球海洋中心城市的显著特征,以及与国际一流湾区发展的关系。研究发现,粤港澳大湾区在全球海洋中心城市数量和航运物流方面具有优势,但是在海事技术、竞争力与吸引力等方面面临巨大的竞争挑战。粤港澳大湾区推进全球海洋中心城市建设,着重要加快提升国际航运能力、加强海洋科技创新、参与全球海洋治理、强化海洋战略规划等。

我国全球海洋中心城市评价及提升策略

建设全球海洋中心城市是践行海洋强国战略的重要举措,但我国城市建设现状有待全面评估。从航运、海洋金融和法律、海事技术等五个维度构建评价指标体系,全面评估并提出提升策略。结果表明:(1)上海、香港地区各项得分均处于较高水平,是综合型全球海洋中心城市。广州、宁波、青岛、厦门和大连在部分领域具有专业优势。天津、深圳等城市具有成为全球海洋中心城市的潜力。福州、泉州等基础较差,不宜将全球海洋中心城市作为发展目标。(2)我国海洋中心城市呈现出“双综五专多潜力”梯级结构,“南强北弱”趋势明显。(3)建议深化国际合作提升全球影响力,构筑全球海洋中心城市群以及培育海洋经济增长新支点。

面向一统的都城规划——再论隋大兴的空间形制建构及其历史意义

隋大兴是在一统全国过程中规划建设的新都城。其营建不仅在于都城空间本身,也包括以都城为核心面向整个疆域的一系列空间建构。本文分析了中国古代“大一统”思想的发展演变以及隋大兴的建设背景,认为隋初围绕大兴城在疆域范围、近畿区域、都城形态三个层面的一系列空间建构是中国古代“大一统”思想与全国一统进程实际需要相结合的空间政治实践,呼应了当时的军事、政治、经济、文化等需求,丰富和发展了“大一统”理念在都城规划中的表达,提高了都城在国家秩序建构和国家认同形成方面的作用,推动了隋唐“大一统”时代的形成和巩固。

范蠡规划越国新都蠡测

都城是国家的政治文化中心,都城规划设计是关系立国立都的大事。春秋末期,吴越两国争霸,结怨相伐,筑城为据。公元前490年,吴王夫差释放了越王勾践,勾践归国后,委托范蠡建设新都。范蠡利用今绍兴府山南麓兴建山阴小城,接着又在小城东侧兴建大城。根据东汉时赵晔撰《吴越春秋·勾践归国外传第八》的描述,对越国新都进行规画复原,揭示规划设计的思想观念与技术方法。

省会城市首位度对省域创新的影响

基于中国2007—2021年省级面板数据,借助面板门槛模型,实证考察省会城市首位度对省域创新的影响方向和作用程度。结果表明:省会城市首位度对省域创新水平存在双重门槛的非线性影响,并呈现先抑制后促进再抑制的演化特征;省会城市首位度的创新效应受市场化程度与区域吸收能力的异质性正向调节,且呈现单门槛特征。当前,中国多数省(区)的省会城市首位度处在过高水平,较低的市场化程度和区域吸收能力制约了省会城市首位度的创新效应。各省(区)应基于经济发展规律在省域空间发展上作出“因省施策”的选择,加强市场化改革力度并提高区域吸收能力,最大化释放省会城市首位度对省域创新水平的积极影响,有效实现区域创新协同和省域一体化发展。

“强省会”战略促进非省会城市消费吗?

立足于虹吸效应和扩散效应,利用2006—2020年中国25个省份的246个非省会城市的面板数据,实证研究“强省会”战略对非省会城市的消费率和人均消费的非线性影响。参数估计结果显示,非省会城市的消费率和人均消费均与省会首位度呈现U型关系,而平均边际效应为负。异质性分析结果显示,省份首位度对非省会城市消费率和人均消费的平均边际影响在无强核和单强核省份均为正,在多强核省份皆为负。非参数估计结果显示,当省份首位度处于适当低的水平时,非省会城市消费率与其呈U型关系,但过高的省份首位度具有虹吸效应,不利于提升非省会城市消费率;而人均消费与其总体上呈U型关系,较高的省份首位度对非省会城市人均消费具有扩散效应。各地要因地制宜实施“强省会”战略,释放消费潜力,从而实现高质量发展。

明清文人笔下的北京记忆--以笔记书名中的北京称谓为中心

明清笔记书名中的北京称谓,成为管窥都城北京书写的一个独特视角。“京师”“帝京”与“旧京”,“长安”“日下”与“春明”,“天府”“宸垣”与“天咫”,“燕都”“燕京”与“燕台”,这四组北京典型称谓,指向不同,蕴意有别,共同凝结成复杂的都城北京意象。这些称谓,既展现出明清时期北京城的多面性与复杂性,也体现出北京自明代以来波谲云诡的都城命运。从明清笔记书名中的北京称谓,可探究作者个人身份与遭际、特定时局与政局等因素对都城北京书写的影响。

城市品牌建设如何影响企业家精神——来自文明城市评选的经验证据

城市品牌作为城市的“金字招牌”,在吸引企业家投资的同时,也为培育企业家精神提供了良好的环境和文化滋养。然而,鲜有研究从城市层面关注城市品牌建设对企业家精神的影响。鉴于此,本文基于2008—2020年中国地级市的面板数据,采用多时点双重差分模型,评估城市品牌建设对企业家精神的影响。研究结果表明:(1)城市品牌建设有助于培育企业家精神,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验依然成立;(2)城市品牌建设通过改善商业信用环境、吸引风险投资进一步提升了企业家精神;(3)环境不确定性和财政自主权是城市品牌建设对企业家精神影响的边界条件,当环境不确定性较大或财政自主权较高时,城市品牌建设对企业家精神的正向影响更强;(4)相比于中部地区、小城市和特大城市,城市品牌建设对企业家精神的正向影响在东西部地区、中等城市和大城市更为显著。本研究结论不仅为政府持续推进城市品牌建设提供了理论支持,也为企业家实现事业发展和价值追求提供了借鉴和指导。

城市商业银行设立对资本要素市场整合的影响:促进还是抑制?--基于准自然实验的分析

以城市商业银行的设立为准自然实验,基于1998—2013年中国地级市数据与中国工业企业数据库数据,运用渐进双重差分方法系统考察了地方金融发展对资本要素市场整合的影响。研究表明,城商行的设立显著促进了资本要素市场整合。机制分析表明,城商行的设立通过促进银行业竞争和增加信贷供给推动资本要素市场整合,而政府干预会在一定程度上削弱促进银行业竞争的效应,影响信贷资源流向。对城商行异地扩张和兼并的进一步分析表明,城商行的异地分行设立会促进地区资本要素市场整合,但城商行异地分行数量的扩张又会阻碍资本要素市场整合,而城商行兼并对资本要素市场整合则没有起到显著的促进作用。本文研究结论能为我国优化地方金融体系,促进资本要素市场整合提供理论依据和直观证据。